calibration
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C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibración
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La precisión de una balanza depende de una calibración regular.
B1 noun /peɪs/

pace

ritmo
Meaning
the speed at which something happens or is done
Example
She walked at a slow pace.
Ella caminaba a un ritmo lento.
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

presunción
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
Entró en la habitación como si fuera dueño del lugar.
A1 pronoun /maɪ/

my

mi
Meaning
used to indicate possession or ownership
Example
This is my book.
Este es mi libro.
A2 verb /bɪˈlɒŋ/

belong

pertenecer
Meaning
to be in the right place or to be a member of a group
Example
She felt she truly belonged to the team.
Ella sintió que realmente pertenecía al equipo.
C2 noun /ˈkɪzmɛt/

kismet

destino
Meaning
Destiny or fate.
Example
Meeting her on that day felt like pure kismet.
Encontrarla ese día fue como puro destino.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/

vintage

vintage / clásico
Meaning
Relating to high quality from the past; classic; also the year of a wine harvest.
Example
She wore a vintage dress from the 1950s.
Ella llevaba un vestido vintage de los años 50.
C1 noun kəmˈpleɪ.sən.si

complacency

autocomplacencia
Meaning
Excessive self-satisfaction with one's achievements that can hinder progress.
Example
His complacency led to a decline in his performance.
Su autocomplacencia llevó a una disminución en su rendimiento.
C1 adjective /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/

esthetic

estético
Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
The building’s esthetic design attracted many visitors.
El diseño estético del edificio atrajo a muchos visitantes.
C2 noun /ˌmɒnəˈmeɪniə/

monomania

monomanía
Meaning
Excessive concentration or obsession with a single subject or idea.
Example
His monomania for collecting stamps worried his family.
Su monomanía por coleccionar sellos preocupaba a su familia.
B2 adjective /fɔːrˈsiːəbl/

foreseeable

previsible
Meaning
Able to be predicted or expected in advance
Example
The company is unlikely to make changes in the foreseeable future.
Es poco probable que la empresa realice cambios en el futuro previsible.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.hɑːrˈmɒn.ɪk/

philharmonic

relacionado con una orquesta sinfónica
Meaning
relating to a symphony orchestra or its music
Example
The philharmonic orchestra performed a stunning rendition of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
La orquesta filarmónica realizó una impresionante interpretación de la Novena Sinfonía de Beethoven.
C1 noun /ˈliːweɪ/

leeway

margen
Meaning
Freedom to act within certain limits; extra space or time.
Example
The manager gave the team some leeway to finish the project.
El gerente le dio al equipo algo de margen para terminar el proyecto.
A1 adjective /ʃɔːrt/

Short

corto; breve
Meaning
having a small length, height, or duration; not long
Example
The meeting was very short, lasting only ten minutes.
La reunión fue muy corta, duró solo diez minutos.
B1 noun ˈseɪ.vɪŋ

saving

ahorro
Meaning
The practice of keeping and accumulating money for future use rather than spending it immediately.
Example
Regular saving habits ensure financial security.
Los hábitos regulares de ahorro aseguran la seguridad financiera.
B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

áspero, rugoso
Meaning
Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.
Example
The fabric felt coarse to the touch.
El tejido se sentía áspero al tacto.
A2 noun /biːn/

Bean

frijol
Meaning
an edible seed, typically kidney-shaped, growing in long pods on certain leguminous plants
Example
We planted green beans in our vegetable garden this spring.
Plantamos frijoles verdes en nuestro jardín de vegetales esta primavera.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nəns/

continence

continencia
Meaning
self-restraint, especially regarding bodily functions or desires
Example
He practiced continence to maintain focus on his studies.
Él practicó la continencia para mantener el enfoque en sus estudios.
C2 adjective /splɪˈnɛtɪk/

splenetic

irritable, malhumorado
Meaning
bad-tempered, irritable, spiteful
Example
His splenetic remarks offended everyone in the room.
Sus comentarios iracundos ofendieron a todos en la sala.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

perspectivas estratégicas
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Las perspectivas estratégicas guían la toma de decisiones políticas.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

aclimatarse
Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
Se necesita tiempo para aclimatarse a un nuevo clima.
A2 noun ˈmuːv.mənt

movement

movimiento
Meaning
A group of people working together to advance their shared political, social, or artistic ideas.
Example
The movement aimed to ensure equal rights.
El movimiento tenía como objetivo garantizar los derechos iguales.
A2 verb /dɪˈskʌs/

discuss

discutir
Meaning
To talk about something with another person or group in detail.
Example
We need to discuss the project before finalizing it.
Necesitamos discutir el proyecto antes de finalizarlo.
C1 noun /ədˈhiːʒən/

adhesion

adhesión
Meaning
the process or state of sticking to something
Example
Strong adhesion is needed for the tiles to stay in place.
Se necesita una fuerte adhesión para que las baldosas se mantengan en su lugar.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfiːbəl/

enfeeble

debilitar
Meaning
To make weak or feeble; to deprive of strength.
Example
The long illness enfeebled the old man.
La larga enfermedad debilitó al anciano.
C2 noun /ˈhæŋ.kər/

Hanker

anhelo, deseo
Meaning
a feeling of yearning or craving; a strong desire for something
Example
After years abroad, she developed a deep hanker for her homeland's traditional cuisine.
Después de años en el extranjero, desarrolló un profundo deseo por la comida tradicional de su tierra natal.
C2 noun /ˌlaɪ.pəˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

lipogenesis

lipogénesis
Meaning
The metabolic process of fat synthesis where excess carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.
Example
Excess carbohydrate intake promotes lipogenesis and fat storage.
El consumo excesivo de carbohidratos promueve la lipogénesis y el almacenamiento de grasa.
B2 adjective ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜː.ri.əl

entrepreneurial

emprendedor
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
Example
His entrepreneurial spirit led him to establish a successful startup.
Su espíritu emprendedor lo llevó a establecer una exitosa startup.
B2 noun /wɔːmθ/

warmth

calor
Meaning
the quality or state of being warm in temperature or feeling
Example
She felt the warmth of the sun on her face.
Ella sintió el calor del sol en su rostro.
C2 adjective /sʌbˈdʒeɪsənt/

subjacent

subyacente
Meaning
lying immediately beneath; underlying
Example
The geological survey revealed subjacent layers of rock.
La encuesta geológica reveló capas subyacentes de roca.
A1 verb /klɪr/

clear

limpiar
Meaning
to remove obstructions; to make clean or transparent
Example
Please clear the table after dinner.
Por favor, limpia la mesa después de la cena.
C1 noun /ˈmætrəˌmoʊni/

matrimony

matrimonio
Meaning
The state of being married; marriage.
Example
They entered into matrimony after years of friendship.
Entraron en el matrimonio después de años de amistad.
C1 noun /ˌɑːk.sɪˈmɔːr.ɒn/

oxymoron

oxímoron
Meaning
a figure of speech where two contradictory terms are combined
Example
The phrase 'deafening silence' is a classic oxymoron.
La frase 'silencio ensordecedor' es un oxímoron clásico.
C1 adjective /əˈbɪzməl/

abysmal

atroz / espantoso
Meaning
extremely bad or appalling
Example
The team's performance was abysmal.
El rendimiento del equipo fue atroz.
B1 verb /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/

multiply

multiplicar
Meaning
to increase in number; to perform mathematical multiplication
Example
The bacteria multiply rapidly in warm conditions.
Las bacterias se multiplican rápidamente en condiciones cálidas.
A2 noun /ˈɡræmər/

grammar

gramática
Meaning
the system and structure of a language, including rules for syntax, morphology, and usage
Example
She studied grammar to improve her writing skills.
Ella estudió gramática para mejorar su escritura.
C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

profético
Meaning
accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future
Example
His prophetic words came true after many years.
Sus palabras proféticas se hicieron realidad después de muchos años.
A2 adverb /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

Now-a-days

Hoy en día; en la actualidad
Meaning
at the present time; in these times
Example
Now-a-days, people prefer online shopping.
Hoy en día, la gente prefiere las compras en línea.
C2 noun /ˈtælən/

talon

garra
Meaning
A claw, especially one belonging to a bird of prey.
Example
The eagle gripped the fish with its sharp talons.
El águila sujetó el pez con sus afiladas garras.
C2 verb /ˈɑːblɪˌɡeɪt/

obligate

obligar
Meaning
to bind legally or morally; to compel someone to do something
Example
The contract obligates the company to provide timely service.
El contrato obliga a la empresa a proporcionar un servicio puntual.
C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

régimen de tratamiento, dieta o estilo de vida prescrito para la promoción o restauración de la salud
Meaning
A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.
Example
A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.
Un estricto régimen de ejercicios mejora el estado físico general.
C1 verb /ɪˈloʊp/

elope

escaparse para casarse
Meaning
to run away secretly in order to get married, especially without parental consent
Example
The young couple decided to elope to another city.
La joven pareja decidió escaparse a otra ciudad para casarse.
B2 noun /ˈfɔːrəm/

forum

foro
Meaning
A place, meeting, or medium where ideas and views can be exchanged.
Example
The online forum allows people to discuss a wide range of topics.
El foro en línea permite a las personas discutir una amplia gama de temas.
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

tacaño
Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
La empresa era demasiado tacaña para invertir en mejores equipos.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idol

ídolo; persona admirada
Meaning
an image or representation of a god used as an object of worship; a person who is greatly admired
Example
The singer became a teenage idol after her hit song topped the charts worldwide.
La cantante se convirtió en un ídolo adolescente después de que su canción de éxito llegara a la cima de las listas de éxitos mundiales.
A2 noun /dʒɔɪ/

Joy

alegría
Meaning
a feeling of great pleasure and happiness; a person or thing that causes delight
Example
The children's laughter filled the house with joy during the holiday celebration.
La risa de los niños llenó la casa de alegría durante la celebración de las vacaciones.
C1 verb /ˈfɜːr.tɪ.laɪz/

fertilize

fertilizar
Meaning
to make soil or land more fertile by adding substances
Example
Farmers fertilize the fields to increase crop yield.
Los agricultores fertilizan los campos para aumentar la cosecha.
C2 verb /kənˈtɛm/

contemn

despreciar
Meaning
to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt
Example
He would never contemn honest work, no matter how humble.
Él nunca despreciaría un trabajo honesto, sin importar cuán humilde fuera.
B1 verb /əˈdɒpt/

adopt

adoptar
Meaning
To take something as your own, such as a child, idea, or method.
Example
They decided to adopt a child from the orphanage.
Decidieron adoptar un niño del orfanato.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

escaso
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Había pocas pruebas para respaldar su afirmación.
B2 noun /ˈmeɪnstriːm/

mainstream

corriente principal
Meaning
the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; the dominant trend in opinion or fashion
Example
Social media has become a mainstream source of news for many people.
Las redes sociales se han convertido en una fuente de noticias corriente principal para muchas personas.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

recidivismo
Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
El gobierno introdujo nuevos programas para reducir el recidivismo entre antiguos reclusos.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

angular
Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
El edificio tiene un diseño angular con esquinas afiladas.
B1 noun, verb /ˈfaɪ.næns/ or /fəˈnæns/

finance

finanzas
Meaning
the management of money and investments, or to provide funds for something
Example
The company secured finance from a major bank.
La compañía obtuvo financiamiento de un banco importante.
B2 adjective /ˈpleɪfəl/

playful

juguetón, travieso
Meaning
full of fun and high spirits; lively
Example
The puppy was very playful, running around the garden.
El perrito era muy juguetón, corriendo por el jardín.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

evitar hábilmente o encontrar una manera de eludir obstáculos o reglas
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Él intentó eludir el sistema de seguridad.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʒen.dər/

engender

provocar
Meaning
To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Example
The speech engendered hope among the people.
El discurso provocó esperanza entre la gente.
C2 noun /ˈfiːəlti/

fealty

fidelidad y lealtad
Meaning
loyalty or allegiance, especially to a sovereign or lord
Example
The knight swore fealty to his king.
El caballero juró fidelidad a su rey.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/

exploitative

explotador
Meaning
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
Example
The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory.
Los trabajadores protestaron contra las prácticas explotadoras de la fábrica.
C2 adjective /əˈsɛt.ɪk/

ascetic

ascético
Meaning
Practicing strict self-denial and abstaining from worldly pleasures, often for religious reasons.
Example
He lived an ascetic life in the mountains, far from worldly comforts.
Vivió una vida ascética en las montañas, alejado de las comodidades mundanas.
A2 verb /fərˈɡɪv/

forgive

perdonar
Meaning
to stop feeling angry or resentful toward someone; to pardon
Example
She decided to forgive him for his mistakes.
Ella decidió perdonarlo por sus errores.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

registrar eventos en el orden en que ocurrieron
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Ella decidió cronometrar su viaje a través de un blog.
B1 adjective /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

Anxious

ansioso; preocupado
Meaning
feeling worried or nervous; eager with concern
Example
She felt anxious about her upcoming job interview.
Ella se sintió ansiosa por su próxima entrevista de trabajo.
C1 noun /draɪ ˈtʃɪl.i/

Dry Chilli

pimiento seco
Meaning
dried chili peppers used as spice for adding heat to food
Example
The recipe calls for two dry chillies to make it spicy.
La receta requiere dos pimientos secos para hacerlo picante.
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

prominencia
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
Su trabajo ganó prominencia después del premio.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

indignación
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
La indignación pública creció después del veredicto injusto.
C2 noun /ˈmɪsəl/

missal

misal
Meaning
a book containing the texts used in the Catholic Mass throughout the year
Example
The priest read from the missal during the ceremony.
El sacerdote leyó del misal durante la ceremonia.
C2 noun /ˌɪmbəˈsɪləti/

imbecility

imbecilidad
Meaning
Extreme foolishness, stupidity, or weakness of mind.
Example
The plan was abandoned due to its sheer imbecility.
El plan fue abandonado debido a su pura imbecilidad.
B2 noun /ˈwɪldərnəs/

Wilderness

región salvaje; territorio inexplorado; desierto
Meaning
an uncultivated, uninhabited, and inhospitable region; a wild or uncultivated state
Example
They got lost in the wilderness for three days.
Se perdieron en la naturaleza durante tres días.
B2 noun /prɪˈkɔː.ʃən/

Precaution

precaución
Meaning
an action taken in advance to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening
Example
As a precaution, we should bring extra water on the hike.
Como precaución, debemos llevar agua extra en la caminata.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈsɪmɪlər/

dissimilar

diferente
Meaning
Not alike; different.
Example
Though they are twins, their personalities are dissimilar.
Aunque son gemelos, sus personalidades son diferentes.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /spruːs/

spruce

arreglar / un tipo de árbol
Meaning
to make neat or tidy in appearance; also refers to an evergreen tree
Example
He spruced up his room before the guests arrived.
Él arregló su habitación antes de que llegaran los invitados.
A1 verb /fiːl/

Feel

sentir; experimentar; tocar
Meaning
to experience an emotion or physical sensation; to touch something
Example
I feel happy when I see my friends.
Me siento feliz cuando veo a mis amigos.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈiːzi/

Uneasy

inquieto; ansioso; incómodo
Meaning
worried; anxious; uncomfortable; restless
Example
She felt uneasy about walking alone at night.
Ella se sentía inquieta al caminar sola de noche.
C2 noun /ˈluː.mən/

lumen

lúmen
Meaning
A unit of luminous flux, measuring the amount of visible light emitted by a source.
Example
The bulb produces 800 lumens of light.
La bombilla produce 800 lúmenes de luz.
C2 adjective /ˈkɑːrpɪŋ/

carping

quejoso
Meaning
continually complaining or finding fault in a petty way
Example
His carping attitude makes teamwork difficult.
Su actitud quejosa hace que el trabajo en equipo sea difícil.
C2 noun /rɪˈvaɪlər/

reviler

insultador
Meaning
a person who criticizes or insults others abusively
Example
He was known as a reviler of all who opposed him.
Era conocido como un insultador de todos los que se le oponían.
B1 noun /loʊn/

Loan

préstamo
Meaning
a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest
Example
He took a loan to buy a new car.
Él tomó un préstamo para comprar un coche nuevo.
C1 adjective /bræʃ/

brash

atrevido
Meaning
self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overconfident way
Example
His brash comments offended many people at the meeting.
Sus comentarios atrevidos ofendieron a muchas personas en la reunión.
C2 noun /ˈliːdʒənəri/

legionary

soldado romano
Meaning
a soldier in the Roman army
Example
Each legionary carried a shield and a short sword.
Cada legionario llevaba un escudo y una espada corta.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈwɒrəntɪd/

warranted

justificado
Meaning
Justified or authorized under the circumstances.
Example
Her anger was warranted after the unfair treatment.
Su enojo fue justificado después del trato injusto.
C2 adjective /ˈfræk.ʃəs/

Fractious

irritable; problemático; difícil de controlar
Meaning
irritable and quarrelsome; difficult to control; bad-tempered
Example
The fractious child refused to follow any of the teacher's instructions.
El niño fractioso se negó a seguir cualquiera de las instrucciones del maestro.
A2 noun /ˈdɪʃ ˌwɒʃər/

Dish washer

lavavajillas
Meaning
an appliance for washing dishes automatically
Example
We installed a new dishwasher in our kitchen last week.
Instalamos un nuevo lavavajillas en nuestra cocina la semana pasada.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

proyectil
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
El soldado esquivó el proyectil que venía.
B2 noun /ˈdɔː.weɪ/

doorway

puerta
Meaning
the space where a door opens into a room or building
Example
She stood in the doorway waiting for him to arrive.
Ella estaba parada en la puerta esperando a que él llegara.
B1 verb /ˈreskjuː/

rescue

rescatar
Meaning
to save someone or something from danger or harm
Example
The firefighters rescued the cat from the tree.
Los bomberos rescataron al gato del árbol.
B1 noun /pərˈsɛntɪdʒ/

percentage

porcentaje
Meaning
a proportion or share in relation to a whole
Example
The percentage of students who passed the exam was high.
El porcentaje de estudiantes que aprobaron el examen fue alto.
C2 noun /ˈwɑːmpəm/

wampum

collares de concha
Meaning
beads made by Native Americans from shells, used as money or decoration
Example
The tribe traded furs for wampum.
La tribu intercambió pieles por collares de concha.
B2 noun /əˈroʊmə/

aroma

aroma
Meaning
A pleasant, distinctive smell.
Example
The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the kitchen.
El aroma de pan recién horneado llenó la cocina.
C1 noun /ˌtɛknɪˈkæləti/

technicality

tecnicismo
Meaning
A small detail of law, rule, or procedure; a minor point that affects an outcome.
Example
The case was dismissed on a technicality.
El caso fue desestimado por una tecnicidad.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊɪt/

poet

poeta
Meaning
a person who writes poems
Example
The poet wrote about love and nature.
El poeta escribió sobre el amor y la naturaleza.
A2 verb /beɪs/

base

basar
Meaning
to use something as a foundation; to establish or locate something
Example
They based their decision on facts.
Ellos basaron su decisión en hechos.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

locura; demencia
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
El abogado defensor argumentó que su cliente no era culpable por razón de locura.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɪsəbl/

immiscible

inmiscible
Meaning
Describes liquids that do not mix together.
Example
Oil and water are immiscible liquids.
El aceite y el agua son líquidos inmiscibles.
A2 adverb /ˈʃʊə.li/

Surely

seguramente
Meaning
without doubt; certainly
Example
You will surely pass the exam if you study hard.
Seguramente aprobarás el examen si estudias mucho.
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

detectar
Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
El sistema de seguridad puede detectar movimiento en el edificio.
C1 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪmənt/

regiment

regimiento
Meaning
A permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies.
Example
The regiment marched proudly through the streets after returning from the mission.
El regimiento marchó orgullosamente por las calles tras regresar de la misión.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envidiable
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Su éxito era envidiable entre sus compañeros.
B1 noun /ˈfɔːr.mæt/

Format

formato
Meaning
the way in which something is arranged or set out; the shape, size, and presentation of a book or document
Example
Please submit your report in PDF format by the end of the week.
Por favor, envíe su informe en formato PDF antes del final de la semana.
C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

apaciguar
Meaning
To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.
Example
The mother tried to pacify her crying child.
La madre trató de apaciguar a su hijo que lloraba.
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

daño irreversible
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
El cambio climático causa daño irreversible a los ecosistemas.
A2 noun ˈpaʊ.ər

power

poder
Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way; authority.
Example
Power distribution ensures efficiency.
La distribución de poder asegura eficiencia.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoy
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
El convoy militar atravesó el desierto al amanecer.
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

cobertura verde o azulada
Meaning
A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.
Example
The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.
La vieja estatua estaba cubierta de verdigris después de años de exposición a la lluvia.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

crítica mordaz
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
El crítico escribió una crítica mordaz de la película.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

suceder
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
Después de la discusión, el silencio sucedió.
B1 adjective /blɒnd/

blond

rubio
Meaning
having light-colored hair, typically pale yellow or golden.
Example
She has long blond hair that shines in the sunlight.
Ella tiene el cabello largo y rubio que brilla al sol.
C2 noun /drɒs/

dross

escoria
Meaning
worthless or unwanted material; rubbish or impurities
Example
Most of his early writings were considered dross.
La mayoría de sus primeros escritos fueron considerados escoria.
A2 noun /ˈmɪljən/

million

millón
Meaning
the number equivalent to one thousand thousand (1,000,000)
Example
The movie earned over a million dollars in its first week.
La película ganó más de un millón de dólares en su primera semana.
A2 noun/verb /ˈbætəl/

battle

batalla
Meaning
A fight between armed forces or a struggle to achieve or resist something.
Example
The soldiers prepared for the final battle.
Los soldados se prepararon para la batalla final.
C2 noun /ˈhjuːməs/

humus

humus
Meaning
The dark, organic material in soil formed from decayed plants and animals.
Example
The gardener enriched the soil with humus to improve plant growth.
El jardinero enriqueció el suelo con humus para mejorar el crecimiento de las plantas.
A2 adjective /ˈkeər.ləs/

Careless

descuidado; negligente; distraído; imprudente;
Meaning
not giving sufficient attention or thought to avoiding harm or errors; negligent; inattentive
Example
His careless driving caused a serious accident on the highway.
Su conducción descuidada causó un accidente grave en la carretera.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɛkʃən/

defection

deserción
Meaning
The act of abandoning one’s country, cause, or group in favor of another.
Example
The politician’s defection shocked his supporters.
La deserción del político sorprendió a sus seguidores.
C1 adjective /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪ.ner.i/

Disciplinary

disciplinario
Meaning
relating to discipline; intended to correct behavior
Example
The company took disciplinary action against the employee.
La empresa tomó medidas disciplinarias contra el empleado.
C1 adjective /əˈvɜːrs/

averse

reacio
Meaning
having a strong dislike of or opposition to something
Example
He was averse to taking unnecessary risks.
Él estaba reacio a tomar riesgos innecesarios.
B2 noun /dæm/

Dam

presa; embalse;
Meaning
a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level; a female parent of an animal
Example
The massive dam provides electricity and controls flooding in the region.
La gran represa proporciona electricidad y controla las inundaciones en la región.
C2 adjective /stɛnˈtɔːriən/

stentorian

estruendoso
Meaning
Extremely loud and powerful in sound.
Example
The teacher’s stentorian voice quieted the noisy classroom.
La voz estentórica del maestro calló el ruidoso salón de clases.
C2 verb /ɪkˈspeɪʃiˌeɪt/

expatiate

hablar o escribir en detalle
Meaning
to speak or write at length or in detail
Example
The professor expatiated on the importance of critical thinking.
El profesor expuso en detalle la importancia del pensamiento crítico.
C2 adjective ˈmiː.ni.əl

menial

menial
Meaning
Not requiring much skill and lacking prestige.
Example
He refused to do menial work.
Él se negó a hacer trabajos meniales.
C1 verb /ɪˈnʌnsieɪt/

enunciate

enunciar
Meaning
to pronounce words clearly; to express an idea clearly
Example
The teacher asked him to enunciate each word.
El maestro le pidió que enunciara cada palabra.
A2 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/

electricity

electricidad
Meaning
A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles.
Example
The storm caused a power cut and we had no electricity.
La tormenta causó un corte de energía y no teníamos electricidad.