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C1 verb /bɔːk/

balk

negarse
Meaning
to hesitate or refuse to proceed or comply
Example
She balked at signing the contract without reading it fully.
Ella se negó a firmar el contrato sin leerlo completamente.
C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

zapato de tacón delgado / daga
Meaning
A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.
Example
She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.
Ella llevaba unos elegantes tacones stilettos a la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kwɪˈlɪb.ri.əm/

equilibrium

equilibrio
Meaning
A state of physical balance or stability in physical, mental, or economic conditions.
Example
The market reached an equilibrium between supply and demand.
El mercado alcanzó un equilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda.
C1 verb /mɔːl/

maul

mutilar
Meaning
To wound or injure someone by scratching or tearing; to handle roughly.
Example
The bear mauled the camper in the forest.
El oso mutiló al campista en el bosque.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

compresión
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
La compresión de archivos ayuda a reducir los requisitos de almacenamiento.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθ.li/

Earthly

terrenal; mundano; material
Meaning
relating to the earth or human life; worldly; material rather than spiritual
Example
He focused on earthly pleasures rather than spiritual growth.
Se centró en los placeres terrenales en lugar del crecimiento espiritual.
C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

sincronizado, energizado, coordinado
Meaning
Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Example
The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.
Los equipos fueron sincronizados para maximizar la productividad.
C1 adjective /moʊˈmentəs/

Momentous

importante
Meaning
of great importance or significance; having far-reaching consequences
Example
The signing of the peace treaty was a momentous occasion for both countries.
La firma del tratado de paz fue una ocasión importante para ambos países.
C1 adjective /ˈluː.mɪ.nəs/

Luminous

luminoso; brillante; resplandeciente
Meaning
bright; shining; emitting light; radiant
Example
The luminous stars filled the dark night sky.
Las estrellas luminosas llenaron el cielo nocturno oscuro.
C1 verb /dɪˈfrɔːd/

defraud

defraudar
Meaning
to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception
Example
The company was accused of trying to defraud investors.
La empresa fue acusada de intentar defraudar a los inversores.
C1 verb /pərˈteɪn/

pertain

relacionarse
Meaning
to relate or have reference to something
Example
The rules pertain to all students in the school.
Las reglas se aplican a todos los estudiantes en la escuela.
C1 noun /ˈliːdʒən/

legion

un gran grupo de personas, especialmente soldados; un gran número
Meaning
a large group of people, especially soldiers; a great number
Example
The Roman army was divided into legions.
El ejército romano se dividió en legiones.
C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

panacea
Meaning
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Example
Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.
La educación a menudo se considera una panacea para los problemas sociales.
C1 verb /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/

mitigate

mitigar
Meaning
To make less severe, serious, or painful; to lessen the severity of damage or harm.
Example
Proper planning can mitigate financial risks.
La planificación adecuada puede mitigar los riesgos financieros.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

marshal

organizar
Meaning
To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.
Example
The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip.
La profesora organizó a los estudiantes para el viaje de campo.
C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

flanela
Meaning
a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised
Example
He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.
Él usó una camisa de flanela cálida en invierno.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

postrado
Meaning
lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion
Example
He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.
Él se tiró postrado en el suelo después de la larga batalla.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

inhumano
Meaning
lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage
Example
The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.
El trato inhumano del dictador hacia los prisioneros sorprendió a la comunidad internacional.
C1 adverb /ˌðɛrəˈbaʊt/

thereabout

aproximadamente
Meaning
Approximately or around that place, amount, or time.
Example
The repairs will cost five hundred dollars or thereabout.
Las reparaciones costarán quinientos dólares o alrededor de eso.
C1 adverb /ʌnˈnætʃrəli/

unnaturally

de manera antinatural
Meaning
in a way that is not natural or normal; excessively or strangely
Example
He smiled unnaturally, making everyone feel uncomfortable.
Sonrió de manera antinatural, haciendo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrstwaɪl/

erstwhile

antiguo
Meaning
former or in the past
Example
They were erstwhile friends but no longer speak.
Fueron amigos antiguos, pero ya no hablan.
C1 noun /kənˈspɪrə.tər/

conspirator

conspirador
Meaning
a person who secretly plans with others to do something unlawful or harmful
Example
The conspirator was arrested before the plan could be carried out.
El conspirador fue arrestado antes de que el plan pudiera llevarse a cabo.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

preámbulo
Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
El preámbulo de la constitución describe sus principios fundamentales.
C1 noun /ˈmelənkəli/

Melancholy

melancolía; tristeza pensativa o suave
Meaning
A feeling of pensive sadness; thoughtful or gentle sadness
Example
A deep melancholy settled over him after reading the old letters.
Una profunda melancolía se apoderó de él después de leer las viejas cartas.
C1 noun /fruˈɪʃən/

fruition

cumplimiento
Meaning
The realization or fulfillment of a plan, project, or desire.
Example
Her dream of becoming a doctor finally came to fruition.
El sueño de convertirse en doctora finalmente se hizo realidad.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃər/

monoculture

monocultura
Meaning
The agricultural practice of growing only one type of crop over a large area and for many consecutive years, which can lead to increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
Example
Monoculture can lead to soil depletion and increased pest vulnerability.
La monocultura puede llevar a la desnutrición del suelo y aumentar la vulnerabilidad a las plagas.
C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

felicidad
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /əˈfɪn.ɪ.ti/

affinity

afinidad
Meaning
A natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing, idea, etc.
Example
She has an affinity for classical music.
Ella tiene una afinidad por la música clásica.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

flor cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Las flores de cosmos se movían suavemente en la brisa de verano a través del prado.
C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

eficacia
Meaning
The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.
Example
The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.
La eficacia de la vacuna se ha demostrado en los ensayos.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

endorfina
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
El ejercicio libera endorfinas, reduciendo el estrés y el dolor.
C1 adjective ˈsɛd(ə)ntəri

sedentary

sedentario
Meaning
Characterized by much sitting and little physical activity.
Example
A sedentary lifestyle can lead to numerous health problems.
Un estilo de vida sedentario puede conducir a numerosos problemas de salud.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversión
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censura del régimen se consideró una perversión de la libertad de expresión.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

trampa, dificultad
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
Los inversionistas deben estar al tanto de las trampas del mercado.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪvstoʊn/

gravestone

lápida
Meaning
A stone that marks a grave, usually inscribed with the name of the deceased.
Example
The gravestone had her name carved beautifully.
La lápida tenía su nombre grabado hermosamente.
C1 noun /ˈbjuːɡəl/

Bugle

trombón sin válvulas
Meaning
a brass musical instrument similar to a trumpet but without valves, used especially for military calls
Example
The soldier played the bugle to signal the start of the ceremony.
El soldado tocó el trombón sin válvulas para señalar el comienzo de la ceremonia
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

miopía, visión limitada
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La estrategia miope de la empresa condujo a pérdidas a largo plazo.
C1 verb ɔːɡˈmɛntɪŋ

augmenting

aumentar
Meaning
Increasing; making something greater in size, number, or degree
Example
Life expectancy is augmenting with advancements in healthcare.
La esperanza de vida está aumentando con los avances en la atención sanitaria.
C1 adjective /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

noxious

nocivo
Meaning
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant
Example
The factory released noxious fumes into the air.
La fábrica liberó vapores nocivos al aire.
C1 adjective /ˈwaɪəri/

wiry

delgado, fuerte y resistente
Meaning
Lean, tough, and strong, often with sinewy muscles.
Example
The wiry athlete moved with remarkable speed and agility.
El atleta delgado se movió con una velocidad y agilidad notables.
C1 adjective /ˌɔːrθəˈpiːdɪk/

orthopedic

relacionado con la corrección de deformidades óseas o musculares
Meaning
Relating to the correction of deformities of bones or muscles.
Example
She visited an orthopedic surgeon for her back pain.
Ella visitó a un cirujano ortopédico por el dolor en la espalda.
C1 noun /doʊ/

doe

cierva
Meaning
a female deer, especially an adult one
Example
The doe and her fawn were grazing in the meadow.
La cierva y su cervatillo estaban pastando en el prado.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɪd.ju.əs/

deciduous

deciduo
Meaning
Referring to trees that shed their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn.
Example
Oak and maple trees are deciduous, shedding leaves in autumn.
Los árboles de roble y arce son deciduos, perdiendo sus hojas en otoño.
C1 noun /ˈblæs.fə.mi/

blasphemy

blasfemia
Meaning
the act of speaking disrespectfully about God or sacred things
Example
In some countries, blasphemy is a punishable offense.
En algunos países, la blasfemia es un delito castigable.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrbɪd/

morbid

interés anormal en temas perturbadores o desagradables
Meaning
Having an abnormal interest in disturbing or unpleasant subjects such as death or disease.
Example
She had a morbid fascination with crime stories.
Ella tenía una fascinación mórbida por las historias de crímenes.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

inestabilidad emocional
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Su inestabilidad emocional hacía difícil predecir cómo reaccionaría.
C1 noun /læʃ/

Lash

pestaña; golpe con látigo o cuerda
Meaning
an eyelash; a sharp blow with a whip or rope; to strike forcefully
Example
She carefully applied mascara to make her lashes look longer and darker.
Ella aplicó cuidadosamente el rímel para hacer que sus pestañas se vieran más largas y oscuras.
C1 verb /ˈnɛsəl/

nestle

acurrucarse
Meaning
to settle or lie comfortably within or against something
Example
The child nestled into her mother's arms.
El niño se acurrucó en los brazos de su madre.
C1 noun /ˈrʌmpəs/

Rumpus

alboroto; ruido; escándalo
Meaning
a noisy disturbance; an uproar or commotion
Example
The children caused quite a rumpus in the playground.
Los niños causaron bastante alboroto en el patio de recreo.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌteɪkər/

undertaker

enterrador
Meaning
A person whose job is to prepare the dead for burial and arrange funerals.
Example
The undertaker prepared the body for the funeral service.
El enterrador preparó el cuerpo para el servicio funerario.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

impertinencia
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
El maestro se sorprendió por la impertinencia del estudiante.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl̩/

insatiable

insaciable
Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
Her insatiable curiosity drove her to read every book in the library.
Su insaciable curiosidad la llevó a leer todos los libros de la biblioteca.
C1 adverb /maɪˈnjuːtli/

Minutely

minuciosamente
Meaning
in very small detail; extremely carefully
Example
The detective examined the evidence minutely.
El detective examinó la evidencia minuciosamente.
C1 noun /ɒnˈsɒmbəl/

ensemble

conjunto, grupo
Meaning
a group of things or people viewed as a whole, especially performers in music or theater
Example
The theater ensemble gave a spectacular performance.
El conjunto de teatro hizo una actuación espectacular.
C1 adverb /ˈkrɒswaɪz/

Crosswise

en forma de cruz
Meaning
in the form of a cross; diagonally across
Example
Place the logs crosswise to build a stable fire.
Coloca los troncos en forma de cruz para hacer un fuego estable.
C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

traición
Meaning
the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government
Example
He was accused of treason against the state.
Él fue acusado de traición contra el estado.
C1 verb /ˈlæmɪˌneɪt/

laminate

laminar
Meaning
to cover or enclose something with a protective layer, usually plastic
Example
She laminated her important documents to protect them from damage.
Ella laminó sus documentos importantes para protegerlos de los daños.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

periquito
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
El periquito verde aprendió a decir hola.
C1 noun /diːˈkrɪp.ʃən/

decryption

desencriptación
Meaning
The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form so it can be understood.
Example
Hackers attempted decryption of classified data.
Los hackers intentaron la desencriptación de datos clasificados.
C1 adjective ˈzɛləs

zealous

celoso
Meaning
Having or showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective; fervent.
Example
The zealous volunteers worked tirelessly for the cause.
Los voluntarios celosos trabajaron incansablemente por la causa.
C1 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ər/

fissure

fisura
Meaning
a long, narrow opening or crack in a surface or object
Example
The earthquake caused a deep fissure in the road.
El terremoto causó una fisura profunda en la carretera.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

complicado
Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
Su argumento era tan complicado que nadie lo entendió.
C1 noun /ˈdʒiː.nəs/

genus

género
Meaning
a category in biological classification ranking above species and below family
Example
The tiger belongs to the genus Panthera.
El tigre pertenece al género Panthera.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪəˈrɑː.kɪ.kəl/

hierarchical

jerárquico
Meaning
arranged in order of rank or authority
Example
The company has a strict hierarchical structure.
La empresa tiene una estructura jerárquica estricta.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/

altruistic

altruista
Meaning
Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Example
Her altruistic nature led her to volunteer for charities.
Su naturaleza altruista la llevó a ser voluntaria para organizaciones benéficas.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

esclavo
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Su devoción esclava a la tradición impidió cualquier innovación.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

rodear
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Los manifestantes rodearon el edificio en una cadena humana.
C1 noun /juːˈtoʊpiə/

utopia

utopía
Meaning
An imagined perfect society or place where everything is ideal.
Example
Many philosophers dreamed of creating a utopia for humanity.
Muchos filósofos soñaron con crear una utopía para la humanidad.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtriːtʃ/

outreach

expansión de la asistencia
Meaning
The act of providing services or support to people who might not otherwise have access to them.
Example
The charity launched a new outreach program for the homeless.
La caridad lanzó un nuevo programa de expansión de la asistencia para las personas sin hogar.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl siːdz/

Basil Seeds

semillas de albahaca
Meaning
small black seeds from the basil plant, often used in drinks and desserts
Example
I added basil seeds to my lemonade for a refreshing drink.
Añadí semillas de albahaca a mi limonada para una bebida refrescante.
C1 noun /təˈnæs.ə.ti/

tenacity

tenacidad
Meaning
Determination, persistence, and the quality of not giving up
Example
His tenacity in solving problems led to his success.
Su tenacidad para resolver problemas lo llevó al éxito.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

seleccionar / eliminar
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Los granjeros decidieron eliminar a los animales enfermos del rebaño.
C1 adjective /əˈprɛs.ɪv/

Oppressive

opresivo
Meaning
Harsh and authoritarian; overwhelming; causing distress; tyrannical;
Example
The oppressive heat made it difficult to work outside during the summer.
El calor opresivo dificultaba trabajar afuera durante el verano.
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

cardiólogo
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
Ella hizo una cita con un cardiólogo debido al dolor en su pecho.
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

depredador/explotador
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
El pájaro depredador se lanzó sobre su presa.
C1 adjective /ˌmed.iˈiː.vəl/

Mediaeval

medieval
Meaning
relating to the Middle Ages; medieval
Example
The castle displayed mediaeval architecture and design.
El castillo mostraba arquitectura y diseño medieval.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːl.tɪd fɪʃ/

Salted fish

pescado salado
Meaning
fish preserved with salt; dried and salted fish for storage
Example
Salted fish is a traditional way to preserve seafood.
El pescado salado es una forma tradicional de conservar los mariscos.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

coercitivo
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
El gobierno enfrentó críticas por adoptar medidas coercitivas contra los manifestantes.
C1 noun /lɪˈbiːdoʊ/

libido

deseo sexual
Meaning
Sexual desire or drive.
Example
Stress can sometimes lower a person's libido.
El estrés a veces puede reducir el deseo sexual de una persona.
C1 adjective /ˈfleɪɡrənt/

flagrant

escandaloso y claramente erróneo
Meaning
shockingly noticeable or evident; glaringly wrong
Example
It was a flagrant violation of the rules.
Fue una clara violación de las reglas.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

una sensación repentina de dolor o angustia emocional
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
Sintió un pang de culpa después de la discusión.
C1 noun /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

proliferation

proliferación
Meaning
Rapid increase in the number or amount of something; rapid multiplication or growth.
Example
The proliferation of malware is a growing concern.
La proliferación de malware es una preocupación creciente.
C1 adjective ˈluː.sɪd

lucid

claro y fácil de entender
Meaning
Clear and easily understandable thoughts or explanations.
Example
His explanation was so lucid that everyone understood it.
Su explicación era tan clara que todos la entendieron.
C1 verb /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/

assimilate

asimilar completamente; absorber e integrar en el conocimiento o cultura
Meaning
To take in and understand fully; to absorb and integrate into one's knowledge or culture.
Example
Immigrants often struggle to assimilate into a new culture.
Los inmigrantes a menudo luchan por asimilarse en una nueva cultura.
C1 noun /ˈmedoʊ/

Meadow

pradera
Meaning
A piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
Example
The cows grazed peacefully in the green meadow.
Las vacas pastaban tranquilamente en la pradera verde.
C1 noun ˌɒk.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

oxidation

oxidación
Meaning
A chemical reaction that involves the combination of a substance with oxygen, often causing deterioration.
Example
Oxidation causes metal surfaces to weaken.
La oxidación debilita las superficies metálicas.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

incrédulo
Meaning
a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea
Example
He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.
Lo llamaron incrédulo por rechazar la fe tradicional.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪdiəs/

insidious

insidioso
Meaning
Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects.
Example
The insidious spread of misinformation can damage trust.
La propagación insidiosa de la desinformación puede dañar la confianza.
C1 noun /ˈrɛspɪt/

respite

respiro
Meaning
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
Example
The weekend provided a welcome respite from work.
El fin de semana proporcionó un respiro bienvenido del trabajo.
C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

pequeña isla
Meaning
A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.
Example
They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.
Pasaron su luna de miel en una hermosa isla tropical.
C1 noun/verb /snɛər/

snare

trampa
Meaning
a trap for catching animals; to catch or trap
Example
The hunter set a snare to catch rabbits.
El cazador puso una trampa para atrapar conejos.
C1 adjective /freɪl/

frail

débil
Meaning
Physically weak and delicate.
Example
The old man was too frail to walk without help.
El anciano estaba demasiado débil para caminar sin ayuda.
C1 adjective /ˈɪəri/

eerie

extraño
Meaning
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
Example
The abandoned house had an eerie silence.
La casa abandonada tenía un extraño silencio.
C1 noun /rəʊˈbɒt.ɪk ˈsɜː.dʒər.i/

robotic surgery

cirugía robótica
Meaning
Surgery performed with the assistance of robotic systems to enhance precision and reduce invasiveness.
Example
Robotic surgery enhances precision in complex procedures.
La cirugía robótica mejora la precisión en procedimientos complejos.
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

correr rápidamente
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
Los ratones corrieron rápidamente por el suelo de la cocina cuando las luces se encendieron.
C1 noun /ˈɪnflʌks/

influx

afluencia
Meaning
A large arrival or flow of people or things.
Example
The city experienced an influx of tourists during the festival.
La ciudad experimentó una afluencia de turistas durante el festival.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

legislador
Meaning
a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.
Los legisladores votaron sobre el nuevo proyecto de ley educativa.
C1 verb /pərˈspaɪər/

perspire

sudar
Meaning
To give out sweat through the pores of the skin as a result of heat, physical exertion, or stress.
Example
He began to perspire after running for 10 minutes.
Él comenzó a sudar después de correr por 10 minutos.
C1 noun /nɑːrˈkɒtɪk/

narcotic

narcótico
Meaning
A drug that dulls the senses and relieves pain, often causing sleep and sometimes addiction.
Example
The police seized a large amount of narcotic substances.
La policía incautó una gran cantidad de sustancias narcóticas.
C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

vajilla
Meaning
Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.
Example
The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.
El hotel proporcionó vajilla limpia para los huéspedes.
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

destreza
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
La destreza en los deportes mejora la fuerza del equipo.
C1 noun ɔːˈstɛr.ɪ.ti

austerity

austeridad
Meaning
Simple and disciplined lifestyle, avoiding luxury.
Example
The government implemented austerity measures to reduce expenses.
El gobierno implementó medidas de austeridad para reducir los gastos.
C1 adjective ˌmɒn.jʊˈmɛn.təl

monumental

de gran importancia, extensión o tamaño
Meaning
Great in importance, extent, or size; exceptionally great; forming or serving as a monument.
Example
The discovery of electricity was a monumental achievement.
El descubrimiento de la electricidad fue un logro monumental.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

mueca
Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
Él hizo una mueca cuando probó la fruta agria.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/

entourage

séquito
Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
La celebridad llegó con su séquito de asistentes y guardaespaldas.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

perenne
Meaning
lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually
Example
Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.
El cambio climático es una preocupación perenne para los científicos.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːltər/

falter

vacilar o perder fuerza o impulso
Meaning
to hesitate or lose strength or momentum
Example
Her voice faltered as she delivered the speech.
Su voz vaciló mientras pronunciaba el discurso.
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

duna
Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
Los niños jugaban en la duna de arena junto a la playa.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

ilegible
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
La escritura del doctor era casi ilegible.
C1 verb /rɪˈtreɪs/

retrace

volver sobre un camino o ruta, recordar y repetir pasos anteriores
Meaning
to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier
Example
She retraced her steps to find her lost keys.
Ella volvió sobre sus pasos para encontrar sus llaves perdidas.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

relacionado con París
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido de estilo parisiano en la fiesta.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

imbed

incrustar
Meaning
To fix firmly or deeply in a surrounding mass.
Example
The journalist imbedded himself with the troops to report firsthand.
El periodista se incrustó con las tropas para reportar de primera mano.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

fragmento
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Se cortó el dedo con un fragmento de vidrio.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

recesivo
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
El color de ojos azules es a menudo un rasgo recesivo.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarizado
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
El debate polarizó a la comunidad sobre el tema del cambio climático.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

conducta inapropiada
Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
El oficial fue despedido por conducta inapropiada profesional.
C1 noun /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

facilitation

facilitación
Meaning
The action of facilitating or making an action or process easier or helping bring about an outcome.
Example
Her facilitation made the meeting run smoothly.
Su facilitación hizo que la reunión fuera fluida.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

cóncavo
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
El espejo tenía una superficie cóncava que magnificaba su reflejo.
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

vanidad
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
Su vanidad lo hizo impopular entre sus compañeros.
C1 verb /ˈsnɪkər/

snicker

reírse disimuladamente
Meaning
to laugh quietly in a disrespectful or mocking way
Example
The students snickered when the teacher made a mistake.
Los estudiantes se rieron cuando el maestro cometió un error.