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C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

autenticar
Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
El banco utiliza tecnología avanzada para autenticar las transacciones en línea.
C1 noun /weɪl/

Wail

llanto; gemido
Meaning
a prolonged cry of pain, grief, or anger; to cry loudly
Example
The child's wail could be heard throughout the house.
El llanto del niño se escuchó por toda la casa.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contaminación por metales
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contaminación por metales representa graves riesgos para la salud.
C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

temblar
Meaning
to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion
Example
She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.
Ella se estremeció al pensar en caminar sola en el oscuro bosque.
C1 noun /ˈtɛmptər/

tempter

tentador
Meaning
a person or thing that entices someone into doing something wrong
Example
The tempter whispered false promises into his ear.
El tentador susurró falsas promesas en su oído.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

unadorned

sencillo, sin adornos
Meaning
Plain and simple; not decorated.
Example
The room was unadorned, with only a table and a chair.
La habitación estaba sencilla, con solo una mesa y una silla.
C1 adjective /ˈærəbəl/

arable

arable
Meaning
suitable for growing crops or farming
Example
The farmer purchased arable land to expand his crops.
El agricultor compró tierra cultivable para expandir sus cosechas.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪ.drəˈpɒn.ɪk/

hydroponic

hidropónico
Meaning
Relating to the process of growing plants in sand, gravel, or liquid, with added nutrients but without soil.
Example
Hydroponic farming allows crops to grow without soil.
La agricultura hidropónica permite que los cultivos crezcan sin suelo.
C1 noun kəˈrəʊ.ʒən

corrosion

corrosión
Meaning
The gradual destruction of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction, especially of metals by oxidation.
Example
Corrosion in pipes leads to leakage.
La corrosión en las tuberías conduce a la fuga.
C1 noun /twɪndʒ/

twinge

dolor agudo
Meaning
a sudden, sharp pain or an emotional pang
Example
He felt a twinge of guilt after lying to his friend.
Sintió un dolor agudo de culpa después de mentirle a su amigo.
C1 verb /əˈlʊər/

allure

atraer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone with something desirable; to entice
Example
The beautiful garden allured visitors from far away.
El hermoso jardín atrajo a los visitantes desde lejos.
C1 adjective /ˈtɑːrdi/

tardy

tarde
Meaning
Delayed; arriving or happening late.
Example
The student received a warning for being tardy to class.
El estudiante recibió una advertencia por llegar tarde a clase.
C1 noun /ˈræp.tʃər/

rapture

éxtasis, rapto
Meaning
A feeling of intense joy, delight, or ecstasy.
Example
She listened to the music in rapture.
Ella escuchaba la música en éxtasis.
C1 verb /əˈbɔːrt/

abort

abortar; cancelar
Meaning
to stop a process or action before it is completed; to end a pregnancy deliberately
Example
The pilot decided to abort the mission due to bad weather.
El piloto decidió abortar la misión por el mal tiempo.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

descifrar, traducir, interpretar
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
Se tardaron horas en descifrar el antiguo texto.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvaɪzəbl/

inadvisable

desaconsejable
Meaning
Not recommended; likely to have undesirable consequences.
Example
It is inadvisable to drive in such heavy rain.
No es recomendable conducir bajo tal lluvia intensa.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agitado; inquieto; nervioso; excitado de manera negativa
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Se agitou cuando escuchó las malas noticias.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

inmersión
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
La inmersión de las áreas costeras es una preocupación importante debido al aumento del nivel del mar.
C1 adjective ɪn ˈfleɪ.ʃə.ner.i

inflationary

inflacionario
Meaning
Characterized by or tending to cause monetary inflation; relating to rising prices.
Example
The government took measures to control inflationary pressures.
El gobierno tomó medidas para controlar las presiones inflacionarias.
C1 verb /hiːd/

heed

prestar atención
Meaning
to pay attention to; to take notice of
Example
You should heed the teacher's advice.
Debes hacer caso al consejo del maestro.
C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

desalojar
Meaning
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
Example
The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
El arrendador decidió desalojar a los inquilinos por no pagar el alquiler.
C1 adjective əʊˈpeɪk

opaque

opaco, impenetrable, difícil de entender
Meaning
Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.
Example
The glass was too opaque to see through.
El vidrio era tan opaco que no se podía ver a través de él.
C1 adjective /ˈwaɪəri/

wiry

delgado, fuerte y resistente
Meaning
Lean, tough, and strong, often with sinewy muscles.
Example
The wiry athlete moved with remarkable speed and agility.
El atleta delgado se movió con una velocidad y agilidad notables.
C1 noun /kənˈfaɪnmənt/

confinement

confinamiento
Meaning
the state of being confined or restricted
Example
The prisoner endured years of confinement.
El prisionero soportó años de confinamiento.
C1 adjective /ˈstraɪ.dənt/

strident

estridente, ruidoso
Meaning
loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way
Example
His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable.
Su voz estridente hizo que el debate fuera incómodo.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzuːbərənt/

exuberant

exuberante
Meaning
full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
The children were exuberant after winning the game.
Los niños estaban exuberantes después de ganar el juego.
C1 noun /ˈækwɪˌdʌkt/

aqueduct

acueducto
Meaning
a structure built to carry water over long distances
Example
The Romans built aqueducts to supply water to their cities.
Los romanos construyeron acueductos para suministrar agua a sus ciudades.
C1 adverb /ˈduːli/

Duly

puntualmente, debidamente
Meaning
in accordance with what is required or appropriate; at the proper time
Example
The documents were duly signed and submitted.
Los documentos fueron debidamente firmados y enviados.
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

nuez moscada
Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
La receta requería una cucharadita de nuez moscada molida para dar sabor a la crema pastelera.
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

evitar
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
Él evita la atención pública y prefiere la privacidad.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkæni/

uncanny

extraño
Meaning
Strange or mysterious, especially in an unsettling way.
Example
She has an uncanny ability to predict the future.
Ella tiene una extraña habilidad para predecir el futuro.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

inaugural
Meaning
marking the beginning of something; first; opening
Example
The president delivered his inaugural speech.
El presidente dio su discurso inaugural.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

inhóspito
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
El desierto es un ambiente inhóspito para la mayoría de las plantas.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistente
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
El vendedor era demasiado insistente, lo que alejó a los clientes.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confianza y compostura
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un buen orador mantiene la compostura bajo presión.
C1 noun /ʃeɪl/

shale

pizarra
Meaning
a fine-grained sedimentary rock that can be split into thin layers
Example
The region is rich in shale and natural gas deposits.
La región es rica en pizarra y depósitos de gas natural.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

entrega
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
El contratista envió la entrega al cliente para su aprobación.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/

daredevil

persona temeraria
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
El truco fue realizado por un famoso temerario.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

invertir
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Él invirtió el vaso para dejar que el agua se drenara.
C1 noun /drɑːft/ (UK), /dræft/ (US)

draught

corriente de aire
Meaning
a current of cool air in a room or another confined space; also a portion of liquid, especially beer, served from a barrel or cask
Example
She closed the window to keep out the cold draught.
Ella cerró la ventana para evitar la corriente de aire frío.
C1 adjective /ˈbeɪs.ləs/

Baseless

sin fundamento; infundado; sin base
Meaning
without foundation; groundless; unfounded
Example
The accusations against him were completely baseless.
Las acusaciones contra él eran completamente infundadas.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

impecable
Meaning
In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.
Example
His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.
Su impecable gusto en la moda fue admirado por todos sus compañeros.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

banderín
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
El equipo levantó con orgullo el banderín del campeonato.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəs/

sensuous

sensual
Meaning
Relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect; pleasing to the senses.
Example
The garden was filled with sensuous colors and fragrances.
El jardín estaba lleno de colores y fragancias sensuales.
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

valoración
Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
La valoración de la propiedad fue mucho más alta de lo esperado.
C1 verb əˈblɪt.ə.reɪt

obliterate

destruir
Meaning
To destroy utterly; wipe out completely, to erase or remove something completely.
Example
The storm obliterated entire villages.
La tormenta destruyó aldeas enteras.
C1 verb /nɪp/

nip

pellizcar
Meaning
to pinch or bite lightly; to move quickly
Example
The cold wind nipped at my face.
El viento frío me pellizcó la cara.
C1 adjective /ˈdɒdʒi/

Dodgy

sospechoso; cuestionable; poco confiable; arriesgado o peligroso
Meaning
suspicious; questionable; unreliable; risky or dangerous
Example
That deal sounds dodgy to me.
Ese trato me suena sospechoso.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

recurrencia
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
El doctor estaba preocupado por la recurrencia de los síntomas del paciente.
C1 verb /plɒd/

plod

trabajar lentamente y con esfuerzo
Meaning
to work slowly and steadily, often with effort or difficulty
Example
He plodded through his homework despite feeling tired.
Él hizo su tarea lentamente aunque se sentía cansado.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

un lugar o estado de sufrimiento habitado por las almas de los pecadores que expían sus pecados antes de ir al cielo
Meaning
A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.
Example
After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.
Después del accidente, la larga recuperación se sintió como una especie de purgatorio.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʌn.dəns/

Redundance

redundancia
Meaning
the state of being not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous repetition of information
Example
The document contained redundance that made it unnecessarily long.
El documento contenía redundancia que lo hacía innecesariamente largo.
C1 verb /ˈænɪmeɪt/

animate

animar
Meaning
to bring to life or make lively; to create animation for films or cartoons
Example
The artist will animate the characters for the movie.
El artista animará los personajes para la película.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

ineficaz
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
El liderazgo ineficaz del gerente hizo que el equipo perdiera la motivación.
C1 verb /əbˈzɒlv/

absolve

absolver
Meaning
to free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility; to pardon
Example
The priest absolved him of his sins.
El sacerdote lo absolvió de sus pecados.
C1 adverb /əˈlɜːrtli/

alertly

atentamente
Meaning
in a watchful, attentive, and quick-to-notice manner
Example
She listened alertly to every sound in the dark forest.
Ella escuchó atentamente cada sonido en el bosque oscuro.
C1 adjective /ˈlɪvɪd/

livid

furioso
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
She was livid when she found out about the betrayal.
Ella estaba furiosa cuando descubrió la traición.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

despreciable
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
Sus acciones despreciables sorprendieron a toda la comunidad.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfɜːrloʊ/

furlough

licencia temporal
Meaning
temporary leave of absence from work, especially that granted to an employee or soldier
Example
Many workers were placed on furlough during the crisis.
Muchos trabajadores fueron puestos en furlough durante la crisis.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providencia divina
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Creían que su supervivencia se debía a la providencia divina.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

desobediencia
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
La desobediencia del niño preocupó a sus padres.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

aristócrata; persona de nobleza
Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
El aristócrata vivía en un castillo magnífico.
C1 noun /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/

juxtaposition

yuxtaposición
Meaning
The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
Example
The juxtaposition of light and dark colors created a dramatic effect.
La yuxtaposición de los colores claros y oscuros creó un efecto dramático.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈrʌn/

overrun

invadir
Meaning
to spread over or occupy completely; to exceed a limit or time
Example
The garden was overrun with weeds.
El jardín estaba invadido de maleza.
C1 adjective /ˈven.ə.məs/

Venomous

venenoso; malicioso;
Meaning
secreting venom; full of malice or spite; extremely hostile
Example
The venomous snake struck quickly at its prey.
La serpiente venenosa atacó rápidamente a su presa.
C1 noun /naɪˈiːvteɪ/

naivete

ingenuidad
Meaning
The quality of being naive; lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment.
Example
His naivete made him an easy target for manipulation.
Su ingenuidad lo convirtio en un blanco facil para la manipulacion.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

inorgánico
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
Los compuestos inorgánicos se estudian en los laboratorios.
C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

parafernalia
Meaning
Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.
Example
The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.
El pescador llevó toda su parafernalia de pesca en una caja grande.
C1 noun /əˈlʌmnəs/

alumnus

exalumno
Meaning
a former student or graduate of a school, college, or university
Example
He is an alumnus of Harvard University.
Él es un exalumno de la Universidad de Harvard.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

infundir
Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
La profesora trató de infundir a sus estudiantes con un amor por la lectura.
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

provocativo
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido provocativo a la fiesta.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

conmovedor, profundo
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
El final de la película fue tan conmovedor que muchos en la audiencia se conmovieron hasta las lágrimas.
C1 adjective /əbˈsɛsɪv/

obsessive

obsesivo
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by an obsession; thinking about something too much.
Example
He has an obsessive interest in cleanliness.
Él tiene un interés obsesivo en la limpieza.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

subvertir
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Los rebeldes intentaron subvertir el gobierno.
C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

evasivo, astuto, vago
Meaning
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.
Example
He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.
Él dio una respuesta evasiva para evitar problemas.
C1 noun /ˈhɒməˌfoʊn/

homophone

palabra homófona
Meaning
A word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning, and often spelling.
Example
The words 'pair' and 'pear' are homophones.
Las palabras 'pair' y 'pear' son homófonas.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

indignación
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
La indignación pública creció después del veredicto injusto.
C1 adverb /ˈmerɪli/

Merrily

alegremente
Meaning
in a cheerful and joyful manner
Example
The children played merrily in the garden.
Los niños jugaban alegremente en el jardín.
C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

anarquía
Meaning
a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority
Example
The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.
El colapso del régimen llevó a la anarquía en las calles.
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

carnicería
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
El campo de batalla estaba lleno de carnicería después de la guerra brutal.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

indispensable
Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
El agua es indispensable para la supervivencia humana.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːtɪfəl/

Dutiful

cumplidor; respetuoso; obediente
Meaning
conscientiously fulfilling one's duty; obedient; respectful
Example
She is a dutiful daughter who always helps her parents.
Ella es una hija cumplidora que siempre ayuda a sus padres.
C1 noun/verb /kruːˈseɪd/

crusade

cruzada, campaña intensa
Meaning
a vigorous campaign for a social, political, or religious cause; to fight passionately for a cause
Example
She has been crusading for women's rights all her life.
ella ha estado cruzando por los derechos de las mujeres toda su vida.
C1 verb /wɪlt/

wilt

marchitarse
Meaning
To become limp, weak, or drooping, often due to lack of water or energy.
Example
The flowers wilted in the heat of the sun.
Las flores se marchitaron por el calor del sol.
C1 noun /ˈoʊ.vər spɪl/

Over-spill

desbordamiento
Meaning
the overflow of liquid from a container; excess that cannot be contained
Example
The overspill from the river flooded nearby farms.
El desbordamiento del río inundó las granjas cercanas.
C1 verb /ˈvɛnəˌreɪt/

venerate

venerar
Meaning
to regard with great respect; revere
Example
People venerate saints for their holiness.
La gente venera a los santos por su santidad.
C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

frivolidad
Meaning
Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.
Example
The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.
El profesor desalentó la frivolidad durante el examen.
C1 verb /kriːk/

creak

hacer un ruido chirriante o agudo
Meaning
to make a high-pitched, squeaking noise when moved
Example
The old door creaked as she opened it.
La puerta vieja crujió cuando la abrió.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrtˌrɛndɪŋ/

heartrending

desgarrador
Meaning
Causing great sadness or distress; very moving emotionally.
Example
The documentary showed heartrending scenes of war victims.
El documental mostró escenas desgarradoras de las víctimas de la guerra.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

viga
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Las vigas del viejo granero estaban expuestas.
C1 noun ˈmæŋɡroʊv ˈfɒrɪst

Mangrove Forest

bosque de manglares
Meaning
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
Example
Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest.
Sundarbans es el mayor bosque de manglares del mundo.
C1 noun /ˈheɪl.stɔːrm/

Hailstorm

tormenta de granizo
Meaning
a violent storm with hail falling from the sky
Example
The hailstorm damaged many cars in the parking lot.
La tormenta de granizo dañó muchos autos en el estacionamiento.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

estrofa
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
El poema comienza con una estrofa que describe la naturaleza.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.lekt/

intellect

intelecto
Meaning
The ability to think, reason, and understand objectively.
Example
Her intellect is admired by all her colleagues.
Su intelecto es admirado por todos sus colegas.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

inoffensivo
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
Sus comentarios inofensivos mantuvieron la conversación amigable.
C1 verb /tɔːnt/

taunt

provocar
Meaning
to provoke or challenge someone with insulting remarks
Example
The bully tried to taunt him with cruel words.
El matón intentó provocarlo con palabras crueles.
C1 noun /ˈmæɡneɪt/

Magnate

magnate; persona poderosa y rica en el negocio
Meaning
A wealthy and powerful businessperson or industrialist
Example
The oil magnate owned dozens of refineries across the country.
El magnate del petróleo poseía docenas de refinerías en todo el país.
C1 noun /ˈmɒdɪfaɪər/

modifier

modificador
Meaning
a word or element that changes, limits, or describes the meaning of another word; something that alters or adjusts
Example
In the phrase 'very cold', 'very' is a modifier of 'cold'.
En la frase «very cold», «very» es un modificador de «cold».
C1 adjective ʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl

uninhabitable

inhabitable
Meaning
Not suitable or safe for people to live in.
Example
Rapid urbanization can make cities uninhabitable.
La rápida urbanización puede hacer que las ciudades sean inhabitables.
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪ.ɡrə.tɔːr.i/

Migratory

migratorio
Meaning
moving from one place to another; characterized by seasonal movement
Example
Many birds are migratory and travel thousands of miles each season.
Muchos pájaros son migratorios y viajan miles de millas cada temporada.
C1 adjective /ˈperɪɡrɪn/

Peregrine

errante; migratorio; viajero
Meaning
wandering; traveling; migratory
Example
The peregrine falcon is known for its incredible speed.
El halcón peregrino es conocido por su increíble velocidad.
C1 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

antagonism

antagonismo
Meaning
active hostility or opposition
Example
There was clear antagonism between the two political parties.
Había un claro antagonismo entre los dos partidos políticos.
C1 noun /ˈɑː.kɪ.taɪp/

archetype

arquetipo, modelo original
Meaning
A very typical example of a certain person or thing; an original model or prototype.
Example
This painting is the archetype of modern art.
Esta pintura es el arquetipo del arte moderno.
C1 verb /ˈspɪərˌhɛd/

spearhead

encabezar
Meaning
to lead or initiate an action, project, or movement
Example
She spearheaded the campaign for environmental awareness.
Ella encabezó la campaña por la conciencia ambiental.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

diente de rueda o engranaje
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Se sintió como un pequeño engranaje en una gran máquina.
C1 adjective + noun এক্সেসিভ স্ট্রেইন

excessive strain

estrés excesivo
Meaning
An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.
Example
Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues.
El estrés excesivo en los dedos puede causar problemas musculoesqueléticos.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

sereno y pacífico
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
El lago tenía una atmósfera serena y pacífica.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

infringir
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Copiar este software sin permiso infringirá las leyes de derechos de autor.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

periquito
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
El periquito verde aprendió a decir hola.
C1 noun /ˈweɪ.stɪdʒ/

Wastage

desperdicio
Meaning
the action of using or expending something carelessly or without purpose
Example
The company reduced food wastage by implementing better inventory management.
La empresa redujo el desperdicio de alimentos implementando una mejor gestión de inventario.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

especulador
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
El gobierno castigó a los especuladores de la guerra.
C1 adjective /pɒˈstɪəriər/

posterior

posterior
Meaning
Situated at or toward the back; later in time.
Example
The posterior part of the brain controls vision.
La parte posterior del cerebro controla la visión.
C1 verb /ˈkwɪvər/

quiver

temblar
Meaning
To tremble or shake with slight but rapid motion.
Example
Her lips began to quiver as she tried not to cry.
Sus labios comenzaron a temblar mientras trataba de no llorar.
C1 adverb /əˈkjuːtli/

acutely

agudamente
Meaning
in a sharp, intense, or severe way; with keen awareness
Example
She was acutely aware of the risks involved.
Ella era agudamente consciente de los riesgos involucrados.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmiːvəl/

primeval

primitivo
Meaning
Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.
Example
The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans.
Los exploradores se adentraron en el bosque primitivo sin tocar por los humanos.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

castillo francés
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Se alojaron en un hermoso castillo en Francia.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈwɒrəntɪd/

warranted

justificado
Meaning
Justified or authorized under the circumstances.
Example
Her anger was warranted after the unfair treatment.
Su enojo fue justificado después del trato injusto.
C1 noun /ˈdʒiː.nəs/

genus

género
Meaning
a category in biological classification ranking above species and below family
Example
The tiger belongs to the genus Panthera.
El tigre pertenece al género Panthera.
C1 noun /ˈnjuːɑːns/

nuance

matiz
Meaning
A subtle difference in shade of meaning, appearance, or sound.
Example
He noticed the subtle nuance in her expression.
Notó el sutil matiz en su expresión.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃuəs/

tortuous

tortuoso, complicado
Meaning
Full of twists and turns; excessively complex or complicated.
Example
The tortuous mountain road made driving very difficult.
La tortuosa carretera de montaña hizo que conducir fuera muy difícil.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

verdadero
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La casa era un verdadero palacio comparado con la nuestra.