ashen
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C1 adjective /ˈæʃən/

ashen

pálido
Meaning
Very pale in appearance, often due to shock, fear, or illness.
Example
His face turned ashen when he heard the terrible news.
Su rostro se volvió pálido cuando escuchó la terrible noticia.
C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

elegancia distintiva
Meaning
Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.
Example
He delivered his speech with great panache.
Él dio su discurso con gran elegancia.
B2 adjective /ˌfæʃ.ənd/

Outdated

desactualizado
Meaning
obsolete; no longer current
Example
This computer software is completely outdated.
Este software de computadora está completamente desactualizado.
A1 verb, noun /kraɪ/

cry

llorar
Meaning
To shed tears as an expression of emotion such as sadness or pain; also a loud call or shout.
Example
The baby began to cry when she was hungry.
El bebé comenzó a llorar cuando tenía hambre.
A2 number /ˈfɪfti/

fifty

cincuenta
Meaning
the number 50
Example
The stadium can hold fifty thousand people.
El estadio puede albergar cincuenta mil personas.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəɡrɑːf/

monograph

monografía
Meaning
A detailed written study of a single specialized subject or aspect of it.
Example
The professor published a monograph on ancient pottery.
El profesor publicó una monografía sobre la cerámica antigua.
C2 verb /ɪˈmɛnd/

emend

enmendar
Meaning
to correct or revise a text, especially for errors
Example
The editor emended the manuscript before publication.
El editor enmendó el manuscrito antes de la publicación.
C2 adverb /pəˈfɔːs/

perforce

inevitable
Meaning
by necessity; inevitably
Example
He had to perforce accept the decision.
Tuvo que aceptar la decisión inevitablemente.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

componer
Meaning
To write or compose (literary or formal works).
Example
The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.
El poeta compuso un soneto sincero.
B1 verb /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

exploring

explorar
Meaning
Investigating or studying thoroughly; searching into or ranging over for the purpose of discovery.
Example
They are exploring different areas of Antarctica.
Ellos están explorando diferentes áreas de la Antártida.
C1 noun /nɔːrm/

Norm

norma; estándar; regla; tradición
Meaning
a standard of behavior; what is typical or expected
Example
Working late has become the norm in this company.
Trabajar hasta tarde se ha convertido en la norma en esta empresa.
C1 noun /luː/

lieu

en lugar de
Meaning
Instead of; in place of.
Example
He gave money in lieu of flowers.
Él dio dinero en lugar de flores.
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

correr rápidamente
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
Los ratones corrieron rápidamente por el suelo de la cocina cuando las luces se encendieron.
C2 noun /rɪˈpæst/

repast

comida
Meaning
A meal or the food eaten during a meal.
Example
They enjoyed a delicious repast by the riverside.
Disfrutaron de una deliciosa comida junto al río.
B2 verb /ˈtrɛmbəl/

tremble

temblar
Meaning
To shake slightly, often because of fear, cold, or nervousness.
Example
She began to tremble with fear before speaking.
Ella comenzó a temblar de miedo antes de hablar.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

un acantilado o roca empinada
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Los excursionistas subieron el acantilado escarpado para llegar a la cima.
B1 adjective /ˈɡreɪt.fəl/

Grateful

agradecido
Meaning
thankful; appreciative;
Example
I am grateful for your kindness and support.
Estoy agradecido por tu amabilidad y apoyo.
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

procrastinar, posponer, dejar para después
Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
Él tiende a procrastinar cuando enfrenta tareas difíciles.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

temporal
Meaning
Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.
Example
The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.
El monje renunció a sus posesiones temporales para vivir una vida simple.
C1 verb /ˈfɜːr.tɪ.laɪz/

fertilize

fertilizar
Meaning
to make soil or land more fertile by adding substances
Example
Farmers fertilize the fields to increase crop yield.
Los agricultores fertilizan los campos para aumentar la cosecha.
C2 noun /ˈwɒntənnəs/

wantonness

crueldad gratuita
Meaning
The quality of being reckless, cruel, or deliberately malicious.
Example
His wantonness shocked everyone at the gathering.
Su crueldad gratuita sorprendió a todos en la reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

fonético
Meaning
relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics
Example
Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.
Los niños aprenden las reglas fonéticas para leer nuevas palabras con precisión.
B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

Regularity

regularidad
Meaning
the quality of being regular; occurring at fixed intervals or in a consistent pattern
Example
The regularity of his exercise routine helped him stay healthy.
La regularidad de su rutina de ejercicios lo ayudó a mantenerse saludable.
B2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.lənt/

Equivalent

equivalente; igual
Meaning
equal in value, amount, function, or meaning; having the same effect or result
Example
This amount is equivalent to ten dollars.
Esta cantidad es equivalente a diez dólares.
C1 noun /rɪˈfaɪnəri/

refinery

refinería
Meaning
an industrial facility where raw materials are processed and purified
Example
The oil refinery processes thousands of barrels daily.
La refinería de petróleo procesa miles de barriles a diario.
C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

nobleza
Meaning
the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group
Example
He was elevated to the peerage by the king.
Fue elevado a la nobleza por el rey.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

potencia
Meaning
The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.
Example
The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.
La potencia de la nueva medicina sorprendió a los médicos.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈkɛəriəs/

vicarious

felicidad
Meaning
experienced through the feelings or actions of another person
Example
She felt vicarious excitement watching her son win the award.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /beɪl/

bail

fianza
Meaning
the temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, often with a financial guarantee
Example
He was granted bail after his arrest.
Le otorgaron la fianza después de su arresto.
A2 noun /ˈdrʌɡˌstɔːr/

drugstore

farmacia
Meaning
A retail store that sells medicines, health-related products, and sometimes cosmetics or snacks.
Example
I stopped by the drugstore to buy some cold medicine.
Fui a la farmacia a comprar medicina para el resfriado.
B1 noun /ˈprɒp.ə.ti/

Property

propiedad
Meaning
a building or land; something owned; a characteristic or quality
Example
They bought a beautiful property in the countryside.
Compraron una hermosa propiedad en el campo.
B1 noun /ˈɡɪvər/

giver

donante
Meaning
a person who gives something
Example
She was always a generous giver to charity.
Ella siempre fue una generosa dadora a la caridad.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪstri/

sophistry

sofistería
Meaning
the use of clever but false arguments, often to deceive
Example
The politician's speech was full of sophistry.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de sofistería.
C1 verb /ləˈmɛnt/

lament

lamentar
Meaning
to express grief, sorrow, or regret about something
Example
She lamented the loss of her childhood home.
Ella lamentó la pérdida de su hogar de la infancia.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
A2 noun /θɔːts/

thoughts

pensamientos
Meaning
An idea or opinion produced by thinking, or occurring suddenly in the mind.
Example
Focus your thoughts on positive outcomes.
Enfoca tus pensamientos en resultados positivos.
B2 noun /sɪnˈserɪti/

Sincerity

sinceridad
Meaning
the quality of being free from pretense or deceit; honesty
Example
His sincerity in apologizing was evident to everyone.
Su sinceridad al disculparse fue evidente para todos.
B2 noun/verb /bruːz/

bruise

moretón / contusión
Meaning
As a noun: an injury appearing as a purple or blue mark on the skin; As a verb: to injure without breaking the skin
Example
He got a bruise on his arm after falling.
Él consiguió un moretón en su brazo después de caerse.
B2 adjective /ˌtɛrɪˈtɔːriəl/

territorial

territorial
Meaning
Relating to the ownership or control of land or territory.
Example
The two countries had a territorial dispute over the island.
Los dos países tuvieron una disputa territorial sobre la isla.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpɒlɪtnəs/

impoliteness

descortesía
Meaning
lack of good manners or courtesy; rude behavior
Example
His impoliteness towards the guests shocked everyone.
Su descortesía hacia los invitados sorprendió a todos.
C2 noun /ɡiː/

Ghee

mantequilla clarificada
Meaning
clarified butter used in South Asian cooking
Example
She used ghee instead of butter for cooking the rice.
Ella usó ghee en lugar de mantequilla para cocinar el arroz.
C2 noun /aɪˈkɒnəklæst/

iconoclast

iconoclasta
Meaning
A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs, traditions, or institutions.
Example
He was known as an iconoclast who challenged old traditions.
Era conocido como un iconoclasta que desafiaba las viejas tradiciones.
C1 noun /ˈæntɪˌdoʊt/

antidote

antídoto
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison; something that relieves or counteracts.
Example
The doctor quickly administered an antidote to the snake venom.
El doctor administró rápidamente un antídoto para el veneno de serpiente.
C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

periwinkle
Meaning
a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers
Example
Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.
Las periwinkles moradas cubrían hermosamente el suelo del jardín.
C1 adjective /əˈθɔːrɪtətɪv/

authoritative

autoritario
Meaning
Having or showing authority; commanding and self-confident; reliable as a source of information.
Example
She spoke in an authoritative tone that silenced the room.
Ella habló con un tono autoritario que silenció la habitación.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

flexible
Meaning
Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.
Example
The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.
El cuerpo de la gimnasta era notablemente flexible.
C2 adjective /ˌdɛbəˈnɛr/

debonair

atractivo
Meaning
confident, stylish, and charming, typically referring to a man
Example
He looked debonair in his tuxedo at the gala.
Él lucía atractivo en su esmoquin en la gala.
B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

intelectuales
Meaning
People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.
Example
Intellectuals protested against the dominance.
Los intelectuales protestaron contra la dominación.
C2 noun /ˈmɛtrəˌnoʊm/

metronome

metrónomo
Meaning
A device that produces regular ticks or beats to help musicians maintain tempo.
Example
She practiced the piano with a metronome to keep steady timing.
Ella practicaba el piano con un metrónomo para mantener el ritmo constante.
B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

familiarizar
Meaning
to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce
Example
Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.
Por favor, familiarícese con las pautas de seguridad antes de operar la máquina.
B2 noun /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/

astonishment

asombro
Meaning
Great surprise or amazement.
Example
She looked at the magician with astonishment.
Ella miró al mago con asombro.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈvaɪəbl/

unviable

inválido
Meaning
Not capable of working successfully; not feasible or practical.
Example
The project was deemed unviable due to high costs.
El proyecto fue considerado inviable debido a los altos costos.
A1 noun /ˈkrɪsməs/

christmas

Navidad
Meaning
an annual festival celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed on December 25
Example
Families gather to celebrate Christmas with joy and love.
Las familias se reúnen para celebrar la Navidad con alegría y amor.
C1 noun/verb /ˈfʌrəʊ/

furrow

surco
Meaning
A long narrow trench made in the ground by a plow; to make wrinkles or grooves.
Example
The farmer plowed furrows in the field.
El agricultor hizo surcos en el campo.
B2 noun /ɪnˈspɛktər/

inspector

inspector
Meaning
An official employed to ensure regulations are obeyed or standards are met.
Example
The inspector carefully checked the restaurant's kitchen for hygiene standards.
El inspector revisó cuidadosamente la cocina del restaurante para cumplir con los estándares de higiene.
B2 noun /jʌŋ fɪʃ/

Young fish

pez joven
Meaning
juvenile or small fish; fish that has not reached maturity
Example
Young fish need protection from predators.
Los peces jóvenes necesitan protección contra los depredadores.
B2 noun /ˈdef.ə.sɪt/

Deficit

déficit; escasez
Meaning
the amount by which something is too small; a shortfall or lack
Example
The government faced a budget deficit of millions due to increased spending.
El gobierno enfrentó un déficit presupuestario de millones debido al aumento del gasto.
C1 adjective /ˈneɪzl/

nasal

nasal
Meaning
Relating to the nose; a sound produced through the nose.
Example
He spoke with a nasal voice due to his cold.
Él habló con voz nasal debido a su resfriado.
A2 verb /bɜːrn/

burn

quemar
Meaning
to be on fire; to damage with fire or heat
Example
The candle will burn for several hours.
La vela se quemará durante varias horas.
B2 noun /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

shooting

rodaje
Meaning
the action of shooting a gun, camera, or similar device
Example
The shooting of the movie took several months.
El rodaje de la película tomó varios meses.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

sabroso (salado o picante)
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
El restaurante sirve una variedad de platos sabrosos.
A2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/

introduction

introducción
Meaning
the action of introducing something or someone; an opening or beginning part
Example
The professor gave a brief introduction before starting the lecture.
El profesor dio una breve introducción antes de comenzar la conferencia.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

imitar
Meaning
to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something
Example
Children often imitate their parents' behavior.
Los niños a menudo imitan el comportamiento de sus padres.
C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/

pentagram

pentagrama
Meaning
A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.
Example
The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.
El mago dibujó un pentagrama en el suelo como parte del ritual.
C2 noun /ˈæntiruːm/

anteroom

antesala
Meaning
A small room leading to a main one, often used as a waiting area.
Example
The guests waited in the anteroom before being called inside.
Los invitados esperaron en la antesala antes de ser llamados adentro.
C2 verb /əˈɡriːv/

aggrieve

agraviar
Meaning
to cause distress or make someone feel resentful
Example
She felt aggrieved by the unfair decision.
Ella se sintió agraviada por la decisión injusta.
C1 verb /ˈwɒb.l̩/

wobble

tambalear
Meaning
to move unsteadily from side to side; to shake or tremble slightly
Example
The table began to wobble when he leaned on it.
La mesa comenzó a tambalear cuando él se apoyó sobre ella.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʌŋkɪt/

junket

viaje o celebración
Meaning
A trip or celebration, often funded by someone else, usually for pleasure or promotional purposes.
Example
The company organized a junket for journalists to promote their new resort.
La empresa organizó un viaje para periodistas para promover su nuevo resort.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmaɪndfəl/

Unmindful

despreocupado; descuidado;
Meaning
not paying attention; careless; heedless
Example
She was unmindful of the danger around her.
Ella no prestaba atención al peligro a su alrededor.
A2 noun/verb/adjective /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ (noun), /səbˈdʒɛkt/ (verb)

subject

tema
Meaning
noun: a topic or theme; verb: to cause to undergo; adjective: dependent or under authority
Example
The teacher introduced a new subject in class.
El maestro presentó una nueva asignatura en la clase.
B2 verb /ˈhɑːrnɪs/

harness

controlar y utilizar
Meaning
To control and make use of natural resources, especially energy.
Example
Scientists are working to harness solar power effectively.
Los científicos están trabajando para aprovechar la energía solar de manera eficaz.
C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

sinergia, cooperación
Meaning
The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Example
The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.
La sinergia entre las dos empresas condujo a una exitosa asociación.
B2 adjective, noun /ɪzˈreɪli/

israeli

israelí
Meaning
relating to Israel or its people; a person from Israel
Example
She works for an Israeli company.
Ella trabaja para una empresa israelí.
C1 noun /rɪˈfɜːrər/

referrer

referidor
Meaning
a person who directs someone to another person or service
Example
The referrer earned a bonus for recommending a new client.
El referidor ganó un bono por recomendar un nuevo cliente.
C1 verb /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/

assimilate

asimilar completamente; absorber e integrar en el conocimiento o cultura
Meaning
To take in and understand fully; to absorb and integrate into one's knowledge or culture.
Example
Immigrants often struggle to assimilate into a new culture.
Los inmigrantes a menudo luchan por asimilarse en una nueva cultura.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

previsión
Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
Su previsión ayudó a la empresa a evitar pérdidas financieras.
B1 adverb /ˈpriːviəsli/

previously

anteriormente
Meaning
at an earlier time or before now
Example
She had previously worked at a bank before starting her own business.
Ella había trabajado anteriormente en un banco antes de comenzar su propio negocio.
B2 adjective /ˈlɔːŋtaɪm/

longtime

de largo tiempo
Meaning
having existed or continued for a long time
Example
They are longtime friends who met in college.
Son amigos de largo tiempo que se conocieron en la universidad.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛntəl/

gentle

gentil
Meaning
Kind, mild, or tender in nature or behavior
Example
He was always gentle with children.
Siempre fue amable con los niños.
C1 noun ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt

mismanagement

mala gestión
Meaning
Bad or careless management of something.
Example
Mismanagement of plastic waste worsens pollution.
La mala gestión de los desechos plásticos empeora la contaminación.
A2 noun /ˈdʌzən/

dozen

docena
Meaning
a group of twelve
Example
She bought a dozen eggs from the market.
Ella compró una docena de huevos en el mercado.
B2 noun /ˈtɛrərɪst/

terrorist

terrorista
Meaning
a person who uses violence or threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes
Example
The terrorist was arrested by the police after the attack.
El terrorista fue arrestado por la policía después del ataque.
C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

delincuente; infractor de la ley
Meaning
a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law
Example
The young offender was sentenced to community service.
El joven delincuente fue sentenciado a servicio comunitario.
B1 noun ˈkʌrənsi

currency

moneda
Meaning
A system of money in general use in a particular country; the fact or quality of being generally accepted or in use.
Example
Dual currency systems were proposed.
Se propusieron sistemas de moneda dual.
C1 noun /ˈɔːnɪŋ/

awning

toldo
Meaning
a sheet of canvas or material stretched on a frame to shelter a place from the sun or rain
Example
We sat under the awning to avoid the heavy rain.
Nos sentamos debajo del toldo para evitar la lluvia intensa.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

ígnea
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
El granito es una roca ígnea que se utiliza comúnmente en la construcción.
A2 noun /kɔːrs/

course

curso, trayecto o conjunto de lecciones educativas
Meaning
a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons
Example
She enrolled in a computer science course.
Ella se inscribió en un curso de ciencias de la computación.
B2 noun /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs/

diagnosis

diagnóstico
Meaning
The identification of a disease, condition, or problem through examination of symptoms.
Example
The diagnosis confirmed that she had diabetes.
El diagnóstico confirmó que ella tenía diabetes.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

miopía, visión limitada
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La estrategia miope de la empresa condujo a pérdidas a largo plazo.
B2 noun ˈtreɪd.ɒf

trade-off

compensación
Meaning
A situation where accepting one advantage means giving up another benefit.
Example
There is always a trade-off between price and quality.
Siempre hay una compensación entre el precio y la calidad.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnəsənt/

Innocent

inocente; puro; inocuo
Meaning
free from guilt or sin; pure; harmless; naive
Example
The innocent child had no idea that her parents were planning a surprise party.
La niña inocente no tenía idea de que sus padres estaban planeando una fiesta sorpresa.
B2 noun /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/

notifications

notificaciones
Meaning
A notice or announcement, especially an official one.
Example
Turn off notifications to stay focused.
Apaga las notificaciones para mantenerte enfocado.
A2 noun /dʌk/

Duck

pato
Meaning
a waterbird with webbed feet and a broad flat bill
Example
The duck swam gracefully across the lake.
El pato nadó elegantemente a través del lago.
B2 noun /ˈɒs.trɪtʃ/

Ostrich

avestruz
Meaning
a large flightless bird native to Africa with long legs and neck
Example
The ostrich is the world's largest bird.
El avestruz es el pájaro más grande del mundo.
A2 noun /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

clothing

ropa
Meaning
items worn to cover the body; apparel collectively
Example
Warm clothing is essential in winter.
La ropa abrigada es esencial en invierno.
B2 verb /riːp/

reap

cosechar
Meaning
to cut or gather a crop; to receive as a consequence of actions
Example
Farmers reap wheat in the late summer.
Los agricultores cosechan trigo a fines del verano.
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

inactividad
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
La inactividad prolongada puede afectar negativamente la salud física y mental.
C2 noun /ˌɡlæd.iˈoʊ.ləs/

Gladiolus

gladiolo
Meaning
A tall flowering plant with sword-shaped leaves and colorful spike-like flower clusters, popular in gardens and floral arrangements
Example
The gladiolus stood tall and elegant in the flower bed.
El gladiolo se erguía alto y elegante en el macizo de flores.
C2 noun /pəˈtruːn/

poltroon

cobarde
Meaning
a cowardly person
Example
He acted like a poltroon during the crisis.
Actuó como un cobarde durante la crisis.
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

secreción
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
El páncreas secreta insulina para regular los niveles de azúcar en la sangre.
C1 noun /ˌfɪɡjʊˈriːn/

figurine

pequeña figura decorativa
Meaning
a small ornamental statue or model of a human or animal
Example
She bought a porcelain figurine of a dancing ballerina.
Ella compró una figura de porcelana de una bailarina de ballet.
B1 noun /ʃel/

Shell

cáscara
Meaning
hard outer covering of an animal; explosive projectile for a gun
Example
The artillery fired a shell at the enemy position.
La artillería disparó una cáscara a la posición enemiga.
B2 adverb /ˈfɜ:rst hænd/

First-hand

de primera mano; directamente
Meaning
directly experienced or obtained; from the original source
Example
I experienced the earthquake first-hand.
Experimenté el terremoto de primera mano.
C2 adjective /ˈfʊl.səm/

fulsome

elogios excesivos
Meaning
Excessively flattering or insincere; abundant or generous in amount.
Example
He offered fulsome praise to his boss.
Él ofreció elogios excesivos a su jefe.
A1 adverb /ˈnɛvər/

never

nunca
Meaning
at no time in the past or future; not ever
Example
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset.
Nunca he visto un atardecer tan hermoso.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmoʊtɪd/

remoted

remotado
Meaning
placed at a distance; made remote
Example
The system was remoted to a secure location.
El sistema fue remotado a una ubicación segura.
B1 noun /dɪˈvɪʒən/

division

división
Meaning
the action of separating something into parts; or a large administrative unit
Example
The company has a separate division for research and development.
La empresa tiene una división separada para investigación y desarrollo.
B2 noun /ˌnɒməˈneɪʃən/

nomination

nominación
Meaning
The act of formally proposing someone for a role, position, or award.
Example
Her nomination for the award surprised everyone.
Su nominación para el premio sorprendió a todos.
B2 noun /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/

perseverance

perseverancia
Meaning
Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success
Example
His perseverance helped him achieve his dreams.
Su perseverancia lo ayudó a lograr sus sueños.
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪs/

deface

desfigurar
Meaning
to spoil the surface or appearance of something, especially by writing or drawing on it
Example
The vandals defaced the wall with graffiti.
Los vándalos desfiguraron la pared con grafitis.
B2 noun /ɪˈfɛktɪvnəs/

effectiveness

efectividad
Meaning
the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result.
Example
The effectiveness of the new policy is still being evaluated.
La efectividad de la nueva política todavía se está evaluando.
B2 noun /ˈfɪlmˌmeɪkər/

filmmaker

cineasta
Meaning
a person who makes films, typically as a profession
Example
He is a well-known filmmaker in the industry.
Es un cineasta muy conocido en la industria.
B1 verb /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

criticize

criticar
Meaning
to express disapproval or find fault with someone or something
Example
The teacher criticized the student's poor handwriting.
El maestro criticó la mala caligrafía del estudiante.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

mining

minería
Meaning
the process of extracting valuable minerals or other resources from the earth
Example
Mining in this area has increased in recent years.
La minería en esta área ha aumentado en los últimos años.
B2 verb /tʃænt/

chant

cantar
Meaning
to sing or recite in a rhythmic way
Example
The monks chant prayers in the temple.
Los monjes cantan oraciones en el templo.
B1 noun /ˈpʊl.oʊ.vər/

Pullover

suéter
Meaning
a knitted garment worn on the upper body, typically pulled on over the head
Example
She wore a warm pullover during the cold winter evening.
Ella usó un suéter cálido durante la fría noche de invierno.
C1 noun /prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/

projectile

proyectil
Meaning
An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.
Example
The soldier dodged the incoming projectile.
El soldado esquivó el proyectil que venía.
C2 noun /ˈoʊdiəm/

odium

odio
Meaning
general or widespread hatred or disgust directed toward someone as a result of their actions
Example
The scandal brought public odium on the corrupt minister.
El escándalo trajo odio público al ministro corrupto.
C1 noun /ˈjuːnɪsən/

unison

al unísono
Meaning
Simultaneous performance or utterance of action or speech.
Example
The choir sang in unison.
El coro cantó al unísono.
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

sonreír de forma burlona
Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
Ella se burló de su intento de cantar.