ardor
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Español FR Francés DE Alemán RU Ruso ZH Chino JA Japonés
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

pasión, entusiasmo
Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.
Ella habló con ardor sobre su nuevo proyecto.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

sacrílego
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
La pintura fue criticada por ser sacrílega.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodia
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
El programa de comedia presentó una parodia de políticos famosos.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/

rabies

rabia
Meaning
A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.
Example
The dog was vaccinated against rabies.
El perro fue vacunado contra la rabia.
C1 noun (plural) /kwɑːmz/

qualms

dudas
Meaning
feelings of doubt, worry, or uneasiness
Example
He had serious qualms about accepting the offer.
Él tenía serias dudas sobre aceptar la oferta.
C1 noun ˌʌndərˈprɪvəlɪdʒd ɡruːps

underprivileged groups

grupos desfavorecidos
Meaning
Groups of people who lack basic necessities or advantages that are available to other members of society.
Example
Underprivileged groups benefit from social initiatives.
Los grupos desfavorecidos se benefician de las iniciativas sociales.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

árido
Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
El desierto es conocido por su clima árido.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

desistir
Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
El juez ordenó a la empresa que desistiera de prácticas injustas.
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

chivo expiatorio
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
Se convirtió en el chivo expiatorio del pobre rendimiento del equipo.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪdiənt/

radiant

radiante
Meaning
Shining brightly; expressing great happiness.
Example
She looked radiant in her wedding dress.
Ella se veía radiante con su vestido de novia.
C1 adjective /drəˈkoʊniən/

draconian

draconiano
Meaning
Extremely harsh and severe, especially laws or rules.
Example
The new regulations were criticized as draconian.
Las nuevas regulaciones fueron criticadas como draconianas.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/

mileage

rendimiento de combustible
Meaning
The distance traveled in miles, or the fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
Example
This car gives excellent mileage on highways.
Este coche da un excelente rendimiento de combustible en las autopistas.
C1 adjective /ˈtæti/

tatty

desgastado
Meaning
Worn out, shabby, or in poor condition.
Example
The sofa looked old and tatty after years of use.
El sofá se veía viejo y desgastado después de años de uso.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

principista
Meaning
acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards
Example
He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.
Él es un líder principista que siempre pone la honestidad primero.
C1 adjective /ˈhɔːltɪŋ/

halting

vacilante
Meaning
slow and hesitant, especially due to lack of confidence
Example
She gave a halting reply during the interview.
Ella dio una respuesta vacilante durante la entrevista.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

cálculo
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Se requiere un cálculo complejo para los modelos de IA.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excreción
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
La excreción es vital para mantener un cuerpo saludable.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtpoʊst/

outpost

puesto avanzado
Meaning
A small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard.
Example
The soldiers were stationed at a remote outpost.
Los soldados fueron apostados en un puesto avanzado remoto.
C1 adjective /ˈhɑːrdi/

hardy

resistente, robusto
Meaning
Strong, robust, and capable of enduring difficult conditions.
Example
Hardy plants can survive the harsh winter.
Las plantas resistentes pueden sobrevivir al invierno severo.
C1 verb /rɪˈɡrɛs/

regress

retroceder
Meaning
To return to a former or less developed state.
Example
Without proper guidance, the child's progress began to regress.
Sin una guía adecuada, el progreso del niño comenzó a retroceder.
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

purificar
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
El nuevo líder prometió purgar la corrupción del gobierno.
C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

inquebrantable
Meaning
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
Example
The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.
La empresa tenía un contrato inquebrantable con sus proveedores.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪst.fəl/

Wistful

melancólico; nostálgico
Meaning
having a feeling of longing or yearning; melancholy
Example
She gave a wistful smile when remembering her childhood days.
Ella dio una sonrisa melancólica cuando recordaba sus días de infancia.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪmbəl/

nimble

ágil
Meaning
Quick and light in movement or thought.
Example
The dancer’s nimble steps impressed the audience.
Los ágiles pasos de la bailarina impresionaron al público.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrnkiː/

turnkey

listo para usar
Meaning
ready for immediate use; a complete product or solution
Example
The company provides turnkey solutions for small businesses.
La empresa ofrece soluciones llave en mano para pequeñas empresas.
C1 adjective /hɪpˈnɒtɪk/

hypnotic

hipnótico
Meaning
Producing sleep or a trance-like state; mesmerizing.
Example
The music had a hypnotic effect on the audience.
La música tuvo un efecto hipnótico en la audiencia.
C1 adjective /pəˈfʌŋk.tər.i/

perfunctory

superficial
Meaning
done without much effort, interest, or thought
Example
He gave a perfunctory nod and walked away.
Él hizo un gesto superficial y se alejó.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

reposo
Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
Después del largo viaje, ella buscó reposo en el jardín tranquilo.
C1 noun /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/

fidelity

fidelidad
Meaning
Faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.
Example
A dog's fidelity to its owner is unmatched.
La fidelidad de un perro hacia su dueño es incomparable.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊ.kəs ˈtræk.ɪŋ/

focus tracking

seguimiento del enfoque
Meaning
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
Example
Proper focus tracking improves productivity.
Un seguimiento adecuado del enfoque mejora la productividad.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

concentrico
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
El artista dibujó círculos concéntricos en el lienzo.
C1 noun ˌræʃ.ən.əl.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

rationalization

racionalización
Meaning
The practice of finding reasons for behavior or actions that are not the real reasons.
Example
His rationalization of the mistake was not convincing.
Su racionalización del error no fue convincente.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

regenerate

regenerar
Meaning
to grow or produce again; to renew or restore
Example
The lizard can regenerate its lost tail.
El lagarto puede regenerar su cola perdida.
C1 noun /blɪs/

Bliss

dicha perfecta; gran alegría
Meaning
perfect happiness; great joy
Example
She felt pure bliss while watching the beautiful sunset.
Ella sintió una dicha pura mientras observaba la hermosa puesta de sol.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

imprudente
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
Fue imprudente de su parte mencionar el plan en público.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

incomparable
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
La vista desde la montaña era incomparable.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈvaɪəbl/

unviable

inválido
Meaning
Not capable of working successfully; not feasible or practical.
Example
The project was deemed unviable due to high costs.
El proyecto fue considerado inviable debido a los altos costos.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊtəri/

rotary

rotatorio
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by rotation; revolving around an axis.
Example
The machine uses a rotary engine to function efficiently.
La máquina usa un motor rotatorio para funcionar eficientemente.
C1 noun vaɪˈtæləti

vitality

vitalidad, energía
Meaning
The state of being strong and active; energy.
Example
The vitality of the team helped them succeed in the competition.
La vitalidad del equipo les ayudó a tener éxito en la competencia.
C1 noun /ˈbaɪoʊˌsfɪr/

Biosphere

biósfera
Meaning
the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms
Example
Climate change is affecting the entire biosphere.
El cambio climático está afectando a toda la biósfera.
C1 adjective /dɪˈlɪriəs/

delirious

delirante
Meaning
in an extremely disturbed or excited state of mind, often due to illness or emotion
Example
He was delirious with fever and kept muttering nonsense.
Él estaba delirante con fiebre y seguía murmurando tonterías.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːr.nər/

Mourner

persona que asiste a un funeral
Meaning
a person who attends a funeral or shows grief for someone who has died
Example
The mourners gathered at the cemetery to pay their respects.
Los dolientes se reunieron en el cementerio para rendir sus respetos.
C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

adquisición
Meaning
The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.
Example
The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.
La adquisición de equipo moderno ha mejorado la precisión de la investigación.
C1 adjective /klænˈdɛstaɪn/

clandestine

clandestino
Meaning
kept secret or done secretly, especially for illicit purposes
Example
They held a clandestine meeting late at night.
Tuvieron una reunión clandestina tarde en la noche.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contaminación por metales
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contaminación por metales representa graves riesgos para la salud.
C1 adjective /ˈdiːviəs/

devious

astuto
Meaning
Skillful at using underhanded tactics to achieve goals; not straightforward.
Example
He used a devious plan to gain control of the company.
Usó un plan astuto para ganar el control de la empresa.
C1 noun /brʌnt/

brunt

golpe principal
Meaning
the worst part or main impact of something unpleasant
Example
The small town bore the brunt of the storm.
La pequeña ciudad soportó el impacto principal de la tormenta.
C1 noun ˌæɡ.rəʊˈkem.ɪ.kəl

agrochemical

agroquímico
Meaning
A chemical product used in agriculture, especially a pesticide or fertilizer.
Example
Excessive use of agrochemicals can degrade soil quality.
El uso excesivo de agroquímicos puede degradar la calidad del suelo.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

ciudadela
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
La antigua ciudadela protegía la ciudad durante siglos.
C1 adjective /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/

synonymous

sinónimo
Meaning
having the same or nearly the same meaning; closely associated with something
Example
For many people, her name is synonymous with generosity.
Para muchas personas, su nombre es sinónimo de generosidad.
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

carroñero / recolector de basura
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
Los buitres son escavengers naturales que limpian el medio ambiente.
C1 verb /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪ/

dissatisfy

desacontentar
Meaning
to fail to please or meet expectations; to make someone unhappy
Example
The poor service dissatisfies many customers.
El mal servicio disatisface a muchos clientes.
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

quemar ligeramente
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
El fuego le quemó las cejas.
C1 noun /wʊd ˈæp.əl/

Wood Apple

manzana de madera
Meaning
a hard-shelled tropical fruit with aromatic pulp used in beverages and medicine
Example
The wood apple has a hard shell but sweet pulp inside.
La manzana de madera tiene una cáscara dura pero pulpa dulce en su interior
C1 noun /tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/

tarpaulin

lona impermeable
Meaning
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant material used for covering or protecting things.
Example
The workers used a tarpaulin to cover the construction materials from rain.
Los trabajadores usaron una lona impermeable para cubrir los materiales de construcción de la lluvia.
C1 noun /dɪˈten.ʃən/

Detention

detención; prisión temporal
Meaning
the action of detaining someone or being detained in official custody
Example
The student received detention for repeatedly disrupting the class.
El estudiante recibió detención por interrumpir repetidamente la clase.
C1 noun/verb /liːʃ/

leash

correa
Meaning
a strap or cord used to control or guide an animal; to restrain or control
Example
The dog was on a leash during the walk.
El perro estaba con correa durante el paseo.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

condimento
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
El kétchup es un condimento popular en muchos países.
C1 verb /ˈdʒʌɡəl/

juggle

hacer malabares
Meaning
To continuously toss and catch objects in the air; to manage many tasks at the same time.
Example
He tried to juggle work, studies, and family responsibilities.
Él trató de hacer malabares con el trabajo, los estudios y las responsabilidades familiares.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

angular
Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
El edificio tiene un diseño angular con esquinas afiladas.
C1 adjective ˈflʌd proʊn

flood-prone

propenso a inundaciones
Meaning
Susceptible to flooding; likely to experience floods frequently.
Example
Bangladesh is a flood-prone deltaic nation.
Bangladesh es una nación deltaica propensa a inundaciones.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

psicópata
Meaning
Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.
Example
The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.
La película retrataba a un asesino psicópata sin ningún sentido de empatía.
C1 adjective /ˈretʃɪd/

Wretched

miserable; deplorable; de mala calidad
Meaning
very unhappy; miserable; of poor quality
Example
The refugees lived in wretched conditions.
Los refugiados vivieron en condiciones miserables.
C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

reponer
Meaning
Fill something up again.
Example
Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.
Beber agua ayuda a reponer los líquidos perdidos en el cuerpo.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌklaɪmæt/

microclimate

microclima
Meaning
The climate of a small, specific area that may differ from the general climate of the surrounding region, often influenced by local factors like terrain, vegetation, or buildings.
Example
A microclimate can have a significant impact on plant growth.
Un microclima puede tener un impacto significativo en el crecimiento de las plantas.
C1 verb /ˈrætɪfaɪ/

ratify

ratificar
Meaning
to approve or confirm something officially, usually by law or formal consent
Example
The government ratified the trade agreement.
El gobierno ratificó el acuerdo comercial.
C1 adjective ɪn ˈfleɪ.ʃə.ner.i

inflationary

inflacionario
Meaning
Characterized by or tending to cause monetary inflation; relating to rising prices.
Example
The government took measures to control inflationary pressures.
El gobierno tomó medidas para controlar las presiones inflacionarias.
C1 verb /ˈfɪdʒɪt/

fidget

moverse inquieto, estar inquieto
Meaning
to make small movements, especially because of nervousness or impatience
Example
The child began to fidget during the long lecture.
El niño empezó a moverse durante la larga conferencia.
C1 adjective /ʌlˈtɪəriər/

ulterior

motivo oculto
Meaning
hidden or secret, often with a selfish motive
Example
He invited her with an ulterior motive.
La invitó con un motivo oculto.
C1 adjective /prəˈmɪskjuəs/

promiscuous

promiscuo
Meaning
Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.
Example
The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle.
La novela describe a un personaje con un estilo de vida promiscuo.
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

patógeno
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
Algunas bacterias son inofensivas, mientras que otras son altamente patógenas.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstætɪk/

ecstatic

extático
Meaning
Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or excitement.
Example
The fans were ecstatic after their team won the championship.
Los fanáticos estaban extáticos después de que su equipo ganó el campeonato.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˌlɪl.i/

Water-lily

nenúfar
Meaning
a floating flower that grows on the surface of ponds and lakes
Example
The white water-lily floated gracefully on the pond.
El nenúfar blanco flotaba con gracia en el estanque.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

relacionado con los perros / dientes caninos
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
La policía entrenó una unidad canina para las operaciones de búsqueda.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

foro regional
Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
El foro regional discutió los impactos de la deforestación.
C1 noun /ˈliːweɪ/

leeway

margen
Meaning
Freedom to act within certain limits; extra space or time.
Example
The manager gave the team some leeway to finish the project.
El gerente le dio al equipo algo de margen para terminar el proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

pretendiente
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
Ella tenía muchos pretendientes compitiendo por su atención.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪnəs/

sinus

seno
Meaning
A cavity within a bone or tissue, especially those in the bones of the face connected with the nasal cavities.
Example
He suffered from a sinus infection that caused headaches.
Él sufrió de una infección sinusal que le causó dolor de cabeza.
C1 adjective /ɪˈkwɛstriən/

equestrian

equitación
Meaning
Relating to horse riding or horseback riders.
Example
She won several equestrian competitions.
Ella ganó varias competiciones ecuestres.
C1 noun /mɔːrɡ/

morgue

depósito de cadáveres
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are kept, especially to be identified or claimed
Example
The police took the body to the morgue for identification.
La policía llevó el cuerpo al depósito de cadáveres para su identificación.
C1 verb /ˈlaɪ.kən/

liken

comparar
Meaning
to compare one thing to another, often in a figurative way
Example
He likened her voice to sweet music.
Él comparó su voz con la música dulce.
C1 noun /ˈlæd.i/

laddie

niño
Meaning
A young boy or lad.
Example
The old man gave the young laddie a kind smile.
El anciano le dio una sonrisa amable al joven niño.
C1 adjective /fərˈlɔːrn/

forlorn

desamparado, triste
Meaning
extremely sad, lonely, or abandoned
Example
The abandoned puppy looked so forlorn in the rain.
El cachorro abandonado se veía tan triste bajo la lluvia.
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn/

overblown

exagerado
Meaning
excessively exaggerated or inflated
Example
The controversy was overblown by the media.
La controversia fue exagerada por los medios.
C1 adjective /kɪˈnɛtɪk/

kinetic

cinético
Meaning
Relating to or resulting from motion.
Example
Kinetic energy increases as the object moves faster.
La energía cinética aumenta a medida que el objeto se mueve más rápido.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

indestructible
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Se dijo que el escudo del superhéroe era indestructible.
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

sedar
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
La enfermera sedó al paciente antes de la operación.
C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

aceptable
Meaning
good enough to be accepted, though not excellent
Example
The road is barely passable after the storm.
El camino es apenas aceptable después de la tormenta.
C1 noun /oʊˈveɪʃən/

ovation

ovación
Meaning
an enthusiastic show of approval, especially by clapping hands
Example
The actor received a standing ovation after his performance.
El actor recibió una ovación de pie después de su actuación.
C1 verb /ˈtɪŋkər/

tinker

ajustar
Meaning
to make small adjustments or repairs to something, often experimentally or imperfectly
Example
He likes to tinker with old radios in his garage.
A él le gusta ajustar radios viejos en su garaje.
C1 noun, verb /kriːs/

crease

pliegue, arruga
Meaning
a line or fold produced on paper, cloth, or other material; to make a fold or wrinkle
Example
She ironed the shirt carefully to remove every crease.
Ella planchó la camisa cuidadosamente para eliminar cada pliegue.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excretar
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Los humanos excretan dióxido de carbono a través de la respiración.
C1 verb /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/

stigmatize

estigmatizar
Meaning
to describe or regard someone as worthy of disgrace or disapproval
Example
People with certain illnesses are often unfairly stigmatized.
Las personas con ciertas enfermedades a menudo son estigmatizadas de manera injusta.
C1 verb /hoʊn/

hone

afilar, mejorar habilidades
Meaning
To sharpen a blade or to improve a skill through practice.
Example
She honed her presentation skills before the big meeting.
Ella perfeccionó sus habilidades de presentación antes de la gran reunión.
C1 adjective /ˈflæɡɪŋ/

flagging

decaer, agotarse o perder entusiasmo
Meaning
becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic
Example
After hours of work, his energy was flagging.
Después de horas de trabajo, su energía estaba disminuyendo.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptəbl/

contemptible

despreciable, abominable
Meaning
deserving of contempt; despicable
Example
His deceitful actions were truly contemptible.
Sus acciones engañosas fueron verdaderamente despreciables.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.kər.ɪdʒ/

acreage

hectárea
Meaning
An area of land measured in acres.
Example
The farmer owns a large acreage of fertile land.
El agricultor posee una gran hectárea de tierra fértil.
C1 noun ˈflɔː.rə ænd ˈfɔː.nə

flora and fauna

flora y fauna
Meaning
The plants and animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
Example
The Galápagos Islands have unique flora and fauna.
Las Islas Galápagos tienen una flora y fauna únicas.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtæm.pər.ɪŋ/

tampering

alteración no autorizada
Meaning
The action of interfering with something in order to cause damage or make unauthorized alterations.
Example
Tampering with evidence is a criminal offense.
Alterar pruebas es un delito criminal.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

extrapolar
Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
Extrapolando con los datos actuales, podemos estimar las tendencias para el próximo año.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagaration

error ortográfico (de 'conflagration')
Meaning
This is a common misspelling of 'conflagration', which means a large, destructive fire.
Example
The term 'conflagaration' is often incorrectly used instead of 'conflagration'.
El término 'conflagaration' se usa a menudo incorrectamente en lugar de 'conflagration'.
C1 noun /tɪf/

tiff

disputa
Meaning
a small or petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a little tiff over what movie to watch.
Tuvieron una pequeña disputa sobre qué película ver.
C1 noun /nɪl/

Nil

cero; nada
Meaning
nothing; zero; no amount
Example
His chances of winning were nil after the scandal.
Sus posibilidades de ganar eran nulas después del escándalo.
C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

declaración jurada
Meaning
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court
Example
The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.
El testigo presentó un affidavit ante el tribunal.
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

escrupuloso
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
Es conocido por ser escrupuloso en su trabajo.
C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

relativo a los países del Este de Asia; oriental
Meaning
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
Example
The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.
El museo tiene una hermosa colección de arte oriental.
C1 noun /prəˈtruːʒən/

protrusion

protuberancia
Meaning
Something that sticks out or projects from a surface.
Example
The protrusion on the wall made it difficult to move the furniture.
La protuberancia en la pared hizo que mover los muebles fuera difícil.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrændioʊs/

grandiose

grandioso
Meaning
Impressive or magnificent in appearance or style, often pretentiously so.
Example
He had grandiose plans of building a futuristic city in the desert.
Él tenía planes grandiosos de construir una ciudad futurista en el desierto.
C1 verb /ʌnˈɜːθ/

unearth

desenterrar
Meaning
To dig up from the ground or to discover something hidden.
Example
Archaeologists unearthed ancient artifacts at the site.
Los arqueólogos desenterraron artefactos antiguos en el sitio.
C1 adjective /ˈbaɪtɪŋ/

Biting

mordiendo; frío intenso; crítico agudo o áspero
Meaning
extremely cold; sharply critical or harsh
Example
The biting cold made everyone shiver.
El frío mordaz hizo que todos temblaran.
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

mitigación
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
La mitigación del cambio climático requiere un esfuerzo colectivo.
C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

paradigma
Meaning
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.
Example
The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.
El paradigma de la educación está cambiando con la tecnología digital.
C1 noun /ˈæd.vənt/

advent

advenimiento
Meaning
The arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.
Example
The advent of the internet changed the way people communicate.
El advenimiento de Internet cambió la forma en que las personas se comunican.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌθɔːt/

forethought

previsión
Meaning
careful consideration of what will be necessary or may happen in the future
Example
With a little forethought, we could have avoided the problem.
Con un poco de previsión, podríamos haber evitado el problema.
C1 adjective /əˈɡrɛəriən/

agrarian

agrícola
Meaning
Related to farming, agriculture, or rural land.
Example
The country’s economy is still largely agrarian.
La economía del país sigue siendo en gran parte agrícola.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristeza, congoja
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristeza de la despedida trajo lágrimas a los ojos de todos.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

Illogical

Ilógico
Meaning
not reasonable or sensible; lacking logic
Example
It would be illogical to go swimming in such cold weather.
Sería ilógico nadar en un clima tan frío.
C1 verb /ˈrɛzəneɪt/

resonate

resonar
Meaning
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
Example
Her words resonated with the audience.
Sus palabras resonaron con la audiencia.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envidiable
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Su éxito era envidiable entre sus compañeros.
C1 verb /ˈprɪkəl/

prickle

hormiguear
Meaning
to cause a slight stinging or tingling sensation on the skin
Example
Her skin began to prickle in the cold wind.
Su piel comenzó a hormiguear con el viento frío.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɔːdəbl/

inaudible

ininteligible
Meaning
Unable to be heard.
Example
Her voice was almost inaudible over the noise.
Su voz era casi ininteligible sobre el ruido.