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C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

angustia
Meaning
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Example
She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.
Ella estaba en profunda angustia después de escuchar la trágica noticia.
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

confluencia
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
La confluencia de ideas de diferentes culturas creó una discusión enriquecedora.
C1 adjective /ˈtiːmɪŋ/

teeming

lleno
Meaning
full of or swarming with things or people
Example
The market was teeming with shoppers.
El mercado estaba lleno de compradores.
C1 noun /ˈdrʌdʒəri/

drudgery

trabajo arduo y monótono
Meaning
Hard, menial, or dull work.
Example
She wanted to escape the drudgery of her daily routine.
Ella quería escapar de la rutina monótona de su día a día.
C1 noun, verb /klɒt/

clot

coágulo
Meaning
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood; to form such a mass.
Example
The doctor removed a blood clot from the patient.
El doctor removió un coágulo de sangre del paciente.
C1 noun /ˈɑːdəsi/

odyssey

viaje largo
Meaning
a long, adventurous journey; a series of experiences
Example
Her career has been an odyssey of challenges and achievements.
Su carrera ha sido una odisea de desafíos y logros.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

permisivo
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
La crianza permisiva a veces puede llevar a una falta de disciplina en los niños.
C1 verb /bɪˈɡrʌdʒ/

begrudge

resentir a alguien por tener algo / dar algo de mala gana
Meaning
to resent someone for having something; to give reluctantly
Example
She did not begrudge him his success.
Ella no le guardó rencor por su éxito.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

autoafirmación
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
La autoafirmación diaria puede aumentar tu confianza.
C1 verb /ˈpɛtrɪfaɪ/

petrify

petrificar
Meaning
to make someone so frightened that they are unable to move or think; to turn into stone
Example
The loud noise petrified the little child.
El ruido fuerte petrificó al niño pequeño.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

disminuir
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Después de la tormenta, las aguas de la inundación comenzaron a disminuir.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

espectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
La vieja mansión tenía una atmósfera espectral por la noche.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

innumerable; incontable; infinito
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
Hay innumerables estrellas en el cielo nocturno que no podemos ver con nuestros ojos desnudos.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

agarrando / codicioso
Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
El niño estaba agarrando fuertemente la mano de su madre.
C1 verb /dɪˈmiːn/

demean

despreciar
Meaning
to cause someone to lose dignity or respect
Example
The manager demeaned his employees with rude remarks.
El gerente descalificó a sus empleados con comentarios groseros.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

retrógrado
Meaning
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
Example
The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.
Se consideró que la política era un paso retrógrado para los derechos humanos.
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

poros / estudiar cuidadosamente
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
Ella estudió los documentos durante horas antes de tomar una decisión.
C1 verb /əˈpiːz/

appease

apaciguar / satisfacer
Meaning
to calm or pacify someone by meeting their demands
Example
The manager tried to appease the angry customer.
El gerente intentó apaciguar al cliente enojado.
C1 noun /ˈrɑːstər/

roster

lista
Meaning
A list or plan showing people’s duties or times when they are scheduled.
Example
The manager updated the staff roster for next week.
El gerente actualizó la lista del personal para la próxima semana.
C1 noun /ˌdʒʊə.rɪsˈdɪk.ʃən/

Jurisdiction

jurisdicción
Meaning
the official power to make legal decisions and judgments; the extent of this power
Example
This case falls under the jurisdiction of the federal court.
Este caso está bajo la jurisdicción del tribunal federal.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

valiente
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
El niño valiente rescató al gatito del árbol.
C1 adjective /ˈloʊli/

lowly

humilde
Meaning
humble in status, position, or manner
Example
She rose from a lowly position to become the company's CEO.
Ella subió de una posición humilde a ser la CEO de la empresa.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

alegrar
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
El éxito del proyecto alegró a todo el equipo.
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

rasguñar
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
Él rasguñó sus zapatos en la acera.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

desdén
Meaning
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.
Example
She looked at the messy room with open disdain.
Ella miró la habitación desordenada con desprecio.
C1 verb /ˈdɛprɪˌkeɪt/

deprecate

desaprobar
Meaning
to express disapproval of something
Example
The teacher deprecated the use of slang in academic essays.
El maestro desaprobó el uso de jerga en ensayos académicos.
C1 noun /ˈfræk.tʃər/

Fracture

fractura; rotura de hueso
Meaning
the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material; a break in a bone
Example
The doctor confirmed that he had a hairline fracture in his wrist.
El doctor confirmó que tenía una fractura en la muñeca.
C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

paradigma
Meaning
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.
Example
The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.
El paradigma de la educación está cambiando con la tecnología digital.
C1 noun, verb /bʌldʒ/

bulge

hinchazón / abultamiento
Meaning
A swelling or protruding part; to swell outward or protrude.
Example
The bag began to bulge with too many books inside.
La bolsa comenzó a hincharse con demasiados libros adentro.
C1 noun /ˈmæk.ər.əl/

Mackerel

caballa
Meaning
a streamlined marine fish with a forked tail and wavy stripes
Example
Mackerel is rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
La caballa es rica en ácidos grasos omega-3.
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

simplificación
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
La simplificación de procesos puede reducir significativamente los costos operacionales.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

tela de algodón
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
La tela de algodón es perfecta para la ropa de verano.
C1 adjective /ˈdɛkədənt/

decadent

decadente, lujoso
Meaning
Characterized by or reflecting a state of moral or cultural decline; excessively self-indulgent.
Example
The party was filled with decadent luxury and excess.
La fiesta estuvo llena de lujo decadente y exceso.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈrɛpjətəbl̩/

disreputable

desprestigiado
Meaning
having a bad reputation; not considered respectable or trustworthy
Example
The journalist avoided staying in the disreputable part of town.
El periodista evitó quedarse en la parte desprestigiada de la ciudad.
C1 noun /ˈvɛriəns/

variance

varianza
Meaning
the state of being different or inconsistent; in statistics, a measure of the spread between numbers
Example
There is a wide variance in students' performance levels.
Hay una amplia varianza en los niveles de rendimiento de los estudiantes.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

inkling

presentimiento
Meaning
A slight idea, hint, or suspicion about something.
Example
She had an inkling that he was planning a surprise.
Ella tenía una ligera sospecha de que él estaba planeando una sorpresa.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl/

Ineligible

inelegible; no apto; no cualificado
Meaning
not qualified or entitled to participate or be chosen; unsuitable
Example
Students with poor grades are ineligible for the scholarship program.
Los estudiantes con calificaciones bajas no son elegibles para el programa de becas.
C1 noun /ˈsɪtəˌdɛl/

citadel

ciudadela
Meaning
A fortress protecting or dominating a city.
Example
The ancient citadel stood guard over the town for centuries.
La antigua ciudadela protegía la ciudad durante siglos.
C1 noun /ˈnaɪ.tɪŋ.ɡeɪl/

Nightingale

ruiseñor
Meaning
small songbird known for its beautiful singing, especially at night
Example
The nightingale sang sweetly in the moonlight.
El ruiseñor cantó dulcemente bajo la luz de la luna.
C1 noun /bɑːm/

balm

bálsamo
Meaning
A soothing ointment or something that provides comfort or relief.
Example
The balm helped relieve the pain from her sunburn.
El bálsamo ayudó a aliviar el dolor de su quemadura solar.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

del interior
Meaning
Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.
Example
Inland transport boosts local trade.
El transporte del interior impulsa el comercio local.
C1 verb /ˈnʌlɪfaɪ/

nullify

anular
Meaning
to make something legally invalid or ineffective
Example
The court decided to nullify the contract.
El tribunal decidió anular el contrato.
C1 verb /hɔːrd/

hoard

acumular
Meaning
to accumulate and hide away a large supply of something, often secretly
Example
During the crisis, many people began to hoard food and water.
Durante la crisis, muchas personas comenzaron a acumular comida y agua.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

simetría
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
La simetría del edificio impresionó a los visitantes.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkwes.tʃən.ə.bl̩/

Unquestionable

indiscutible; seguro
Meaning
not able to be disputed or doubted; certain and beyond doubt
Example
Her honesty and integrity are unquestionable qualities.
Su honestidad e integridad son cualidades indiscutibles.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

enamorado
Meaning
filled with love or admiration
Example
He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.
Se enamoró de la música clásica después de asistir al concierto.
C1 noun /kwoʊ/

quo

estado
Meaning
The existing state of affairs or situation, often used in the phrase 'status quo'.
Example
He wanted to maintain the status quo at work.
Quería mantener el estado actual en el trabajo.
C1 noun /kɔːr/

corps

rama del ejército, grupo
Meaning
a branch of the military or a group organized for a specific purpose
Example
He joined the army corps after graduation.
Se unió al cuerpo del ejército después de graduarse.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪklɪʃ/

ticklish

cosquilloso, sensible
Meaning
easily made to laugh by being touched lightly; easily upset or sensitive
Example
She is very ticklish and bursts into laughter when touched on her feet.
Ella es muy cosquillosa y se echa a reír cuando la tocan en los pies.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

fundamental
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
La energía renovable juega un papel fundamental en la sostenibilidad.
C1 noun /bɪˈriːvmənt/

bereavement

duelo
Meaning
The state of having lost a loved one through death.
Example
She received many letters of sympathy during her time of bereavement.
Ella recibió muchas cartas de simpatía durante su periodo de duelo.
C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

alienado
Meaning
Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.
Example
Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.
Los estudiantes alienados son más propensos a la delincuencia.
C1 noun /ˈdɪs.ə.nəns/

dissonance

disonancia
Meaning
Disagreement, lack of harmony, conflict between ideas or beliefs.
Example
The cultural dissonance created misunderstandings.
La disonancia cultural creó malentendidos.
C1 adverb /ˈnoʊɪŋli/

knowingly

conscientemente
Meaning
in a way that shows you are aware of something; intentionally
Example
She knowingly kept the secret from her friends.
Ella conscientemente guardó el secreto de sus amigos.
C1 noun /bəˈnɛv.ə.ləns/

benevolence

benevolencia o caridad
Meaning
The quality of being well meaning and kindly; the disposition to do good.
Example
His benevolence towards the poor earned him respect.
Su benevolencia hacia los pobres le valió respeto.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɒtɪk/

erotic

erótico
Meaning
relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement
Example
The novel contained several erotic scenes.
La novela contenía varias escenas eróticas.
C1 verb /brɔɪl/

broil

asar a la parrilla
Meaning
To cook food by direct heat, usually under a grill or over a fire.
Example
She broiled the chicken until it was golden brown.
Ella asó el pollo hasta que estuvo dorado.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prenatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Ella asistió a chequeos prenatales regulares durante su embarazo.
C1 verb ˈdwɪn.dl

dwindle

disminuir
Meaning
To diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength; to become progressively smaller.
Example
His savings dwindled due to unexpected expenses.
Sus ahorros disminuyeron debido a gastos inesperados.
C1 verb /rɪˈpiːl/

repeal

derogar
Meaning
To officially cancel or revoke a law or decision.
Example
The government decided to repeal the outdated law.
El gobierno decidió derogar la ley obsoleta.
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

continuo; ininterrumpido;
Meaning
happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted
Example
The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.
El ruido continuo del sitio de construcción era muy molesto.
C1 adverb /əˈlɜːrtli/

alertly

atentamente
Meaning
in a watchful, attentive, and quick-to-notice manner
Example
She listened alertly to every sound in the dark forest.
Ella escuchó atentamente cada sonido en el bosque oscuro.
C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

felicidad
Meaning
to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually
Example
She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.
Ella no podía ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 noun /ˈæmpɛər/

ampere

ámper
Meaning
A unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized as A.
Example
The current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes.
La corriente que fluye a través del cable se mide en amperios.
C1 noun/adjective /dɪˈtɜː.rənt/

deterrent

elemento disuasorio
Meaning
A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something.
Example
A strict law serves as a deterrent to crime.
Una ley estricta sirve como elemento disuasorio para el crimen.
C1 noun /ˌmælnuːˈtrɪʃən/

Malnutrition

malnutrición; nutrición deficiente
Meaning
Lack of proper nutrition; poor nourishment
Example
Malnutrition among children is a serious public health concern.
La malnutrición entre los niños es una grave preocupación de salud pública.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

aserrador
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
El hábil aserrador cortó los troncos en tablones.
C1 verb /ʌnˈkɔrk/

uncork

destapar
Meaning
To remove the cork from a bottle; to open a bottle, especially of wine
Example
He uncorked the wine and poured a glass for everyone.
Destapó el vino y sirvió un vaso para todos.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

regenerativo
Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
La agricultura regenerativa mejora la salud del suelo y la biodiversidad.
C1 noun /ʌnɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

unimportance

insignificancia
Meaning
the state or quality of being insignificant or not important
Example
He dismissed the issue with a sense of unimportance.
Él desestimó el asunto con un sentido de falta de importancia.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

eficiente en el uso de recursos
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
La agricultura eficiente en el uso de recursos conserva agua y energía.
C1 noun /ˈlæd.i/

laddie

niño
Meaning
A young boy or lad.
Example
The old man gave the young laddie a kind smile.
El anciano le dio una sonrisa amable al joven niño.
C1 noun /joʊk/

Yoke

yugo
Meaning
a wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to a plow or cart; a burden or oppressive situation
Example
The oxen were joined by a wooden yoke.
Los bueyes estaban unidos por un yugo de madera.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

golpe de calor
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
El trabajador sufrió un golpe de calor después de trabajar afuera todo el día.
C1 verb /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/

jeopardize

poner en peligro
Meaning
to put something at risk of being damaged or destroyed
Example
His reckless behavior could jeopardize his career.
Su comportamiento imprudente podría poner en peligro su carrera.
C1 adjective /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/

subconscious

subconsciente
Meaning
Of or concerning the part of the mind which one is not fully aware of but which influences actions and feelings.
Example
Fears often come from the subconscious mind.
Los miedos a menudo provienen de la mente subconsciente.
C1 noun /ˈdɪsɪdənt/

dissident

disidente
Meaning
A person who opposes official policy, especially that of an authoritarian state.
Example
The dissident was arrested for speaking against the government.
El disidente fue arrestado por hablar en contra del gobierno.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

condescendiente
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
Su tono condescendiente molestó a sus compañeros.
C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

maldito (palabra vulgar para énfasis)
Meaning
used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)
Example
It was a fucking disaster!
¡Fue un maldito desastre!
C1 noun ˈtɑksɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz

toxic emissions

emisiones tóxicas
Meaning
Harmful or poisonous substances released into the environment, especially the atmosphere.
Example
Toxic emissions from vehicles pollute the atmosphere.
Las emisiones tóxicas de los vehículos contaminan la atmósfera.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːrmətɪv/

normative

normativo
Meaning
relating to rules, standards, or norms that govern behavior or beliefs
Example
The study focused on the normative aspects of cultural behavior.
El estudio se centró en los aspectos normativos del comportamiento cultural.
C1 noun /ˌʌnbɪˈliːf/

Unbelief

incredulidad
Meaning
lack of religious belief; skepticism or doubt
Example
His unbelief in the supernatural made him a skeptic.
Su incredulidad hacia lo sobrenatural lo convirtió en un escéptico.
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

triplicado, tono alto
Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
Las ganancias de la empresa se triplicaron en solo dos años.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪk.nəs/

Likeness

semejanza; parecido
Meaning
the fact or quality of being alike; resemblance; a portrait or representation
Example
The portrait shows a strong likeness to her grandmother.
El retrato muestra una gran semejanza con su abuela.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

felicidad
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Ella no pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

peligroso, arriesgado, inseguro
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
Los exploradores hicieron un viaje peligroso.
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

entrada
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
El bote entró en una entrada estrecha a lo largo de la costa.
C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

totalmente refutado
Meaning
Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.
Example
The claims were categorically refuted by officials.
Las afirmaciones fueron categóricamente refutadas por los funcionarios.
C1 adjective /trænˈsen.dənt/

transcendent

más allá de la experiencia humana normal o meramente física
Meaning
Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.
Example
His art has a transcendent quality.
Su arte tiene una calidad trascendental.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

foro regional
Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
El foro regional discutió los impactos de la deforestación.
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

agacharse
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
Se agachó para atarse los zapatos.
C1 adjective liːst prɪˈpeərd

least prepared

menos preparado
Meaning
Having the minimum level of readiness or equipment to handle a situation.
Example
Bangladesh is among the least prepared for climate adaptation.
Bangladesh está entre los menos preparados para la adaptación al cambio climático.
C1 noun ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈstrʌktʃər

geological structure

estructura geológica
Meaning
The arrangement and composition of rocks, minerals, and landforms in the Earth's crust.
Example
Scientists will study the Moon's geological structure.
Los científicos estudiarán la estructura geológica de la luna.
C1 noun /hoʊks/

Hoax

broma; engaño; farsa
Meaning
a humorous or malicious deception; something intended to trick or deceive people
Example
The news about aliens landing turned out to be an elaborate hoax created by pranksters.
La noticia sobre aterrizajes alienígenas resultó ser una elaborada broma creada por bromistas.
C1 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ/

alkali

alcalino
Meaning
a soluble base substance, typically with a pH greater than 7, that neutralizes acids
Example
Soap contains alkali which helps remove grease.
El jabón contiene alcalino que ayuda a quitar la grasa.
C1 verb /ˈhaɪtən/

heighten

aumentar
Meaning
to make or become greater in intensity or degree
Example
The announcement served to heighten the excitement in the room.
El anuncio sirvió para aumentar la emoción en la habitación.
C1 noun ˈfɜːr.vɚ

fervor

pasión o entusiasmo
Meaning
Strong passion or enthusiasm for something.
Example
He spoke with great fervor about his vision for the company.
Habló con gran fervor sobre su visión para la empresa.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

bautizar
Meaning
to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially
Example
They christened the ship after the queen.
Ellos bautizaron el barco después de la reina.
C1 verb /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

tarnish

embarrar
Meaning
To lose luster, especially as a result of exposure to air or moisture; to damage reputation.
Example
The silver jewelry tarnished quickly when left in the open air.
La joyería de plata se embarró rápidamente cuando se dejó al aire libre.
C1 adjective /əbˈnɒkʃəs/

Obnoxious

odioso
Meaning
extremely unpleasant; offensive; annoying
Example
His obnoxious behavior at the party annoyed everyone.
Su comportamiento odioso en la fiesta molestó a todos.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

unadorned

sencillo, sin adornos
Meaning
Plain and simple; not decorated.
Example
The room was unadorned, with only a table and a chair.
La habitación estaba sencilla, con solo una mesa y una silla.
C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

rendija
Meaning
a long narrow opening or cut
Example
There was a small slit in the fabric.
Había una pequeña rendija en la tela.
C1 noun, verb /ˈɔːtɒpsi/

autopsy

autopsia
Meaning
a post-mortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease
Example
The autopsy revealed that the victim had died from poisoning.
La autopsia reveló que la víctima murió por envenenamiento.
C1 adjective /ˈtɒrɪd/

torrid

muy caliente y seco; lleno de emociones o pasiones intensas
Meaning
Very hot and dry; full of strong emotions or passion.
Example
The desert heat was torrid during the day.
El calor del desierto era torrido durante el día.
C1 noun /ˌprɒk.ləˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Proclamation

proclamacion
Meaning
an official public announcement, especially one made by someone in authority
Example
The king issued a proclamation declaring peace.
El rey emitio una proclamacion declarando la paz.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt/

inadvertent

inadvertido, no intencionado
Meaning
Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.
Example
Her inadvertent mistake caused a delay in the project.
Su error inadvertido causó un retraso en el proyecto.
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

nuez moscada
Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
La receta requería una cucharadita de nuez moscada molida para dar sabor a la crema pastelera.
C1 adjective ʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl

uninhabitable

inhabitable
Meaning
Not suitable or safe for people to live in.
Example
Rapid urbanization can make cities uninhabitable.
La rápida urbanización puede hacer que las ciudades sean inhabitables.
C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

plataforma
Meaning
a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed
Example
The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.
Las cajas fueron apiladas en una plataforma de madera para un fácil transporte.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpliːt/

replete

repleto
Meaning
Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly full.
Example
The book is replete with fascinating historical details.
El libro está repleto de fascinantes detalles históricos.
C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

estratagema astuta
Meaning
a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage
Example
She used a clever ploy to win the debate.
Ella usó una táctica astuta para ganar el debate.
C1 noun /wedʒ/

Wedge

cuña; cuñar; partir
Meaning
a triangular piece of wood or metal used for splitting or securing; a piece of cheese or cake
Example
He used a wooden wedge to split the log into smaller pieces.
Usó una cuña de madera para dividir el tronco en pedazos más pequeños.
C1 noun /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

euthanasia

muerte asistida
Meaning
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
Example
The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions.
El debate sobre la eutanasia plantea preguntas éticas difíciles.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

grieta profunda
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Los escaladores cruzaron cuidadosamente la grieta helada.
C1 verb /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/

assimilate

asimilar completamente; absorber e integrar en el conocimiento o cultura
Meaning
To take in and understand fully; to absorb and integrate into one's knowledge or culture.
Example
Immigrants often struggle to assimilate into a new culture.
Los inmigrantes a menudo luchan por asimilarse en una nueva cultura.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈrɛvərənd/

reverend

reverendo, honorable
Meaning
A title of respect used for members of the clergy; deserving deep respect.
Example
The Reverend gave an inspiring sermon at the church.
El reverendo dio un sermón inspirador en la iglesia.
C1 noun /ˌdʒɛr.iˈætrɪks/

geriatrics

geriatría
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people
Example
He specialized in geriatrics to care for the elderly.
Él se especializó en geriatría para cuidar a los ancianos.
C1 noun /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/

linguistics

lingüística
Meaning
The scientific study of language and its structure.
Example
She decided to major in linguistics at university.
Decidió especializarse en lingüística en la universidad.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtæl.i.ə.tɔːr.i/

retaliatory

represaliatorio
Meaning
Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.
Example
The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions.
El país impuso aranceles represaliatorios en respuesta a las sanciones comerciales.
C1 adjective /ˈlæk.tɪk/

lactic

relacionado con la leche o el ácido láctico
Meaning
Relating to milk or lactic acid.
Example
Intense exercise can lead to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles.
El ejercicio intenso puede causar una acumulación de ácido láctico en los músculos.
C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuːz

residues

restos
Meaning
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
Example
The burning process leaves no harmful residues.
El proceso de combustión no deja residuos dañinos.