alienable
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C2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/

alienable

transferible
Meaning
Able to be transferred or surrendered, usually referring to rights or property.
Example
Property rights are alienable and can be sold or transferred.
Los derechos de propiedad son transferibles y pueden ser vendidos o transferidos.
C2 verb /fleɪl/

flail

agitar o mover algo de manera salvaje; forcejear
Meaning
to wave or swing something about wildly; to thrash about
Example
He flailed his arms to keep afloat in the water.
Él agitó sus brazos para mantenerse a flote en el agua.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪn/

insane

loco
Meaning
mentally ill; extremely foolish or unreasonable
Example
The idea of jumping off the cliff seemed insane.
La idea de saltar desde el acantilado parecía una locura.
C1 verb /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/

stigmatize

estigmatizar
Meaning
to describe or regard someone as worthy of disgrace or disapproval
Example
People with certain illnesses are often unfairly stigmatized.
Las personas con ciertas enfermedades a menudo son estigmatizadas de manera injusta.
B2 adjective /ˈpɒlɪʃt/

polished

pulido, refinado y elegante
Meaning
refined, sophisticated, and elegant in appearance or behavior
Example
She gave a polished performance at the recital.
Ella dio una actuación pulida en el recital.
A2 noun, verb /ˈriːzən/

reason

razón, motivo
Meaning
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; to think or argue logically.
Example
There is no reason to be upset.
No hay razón para estar molesto.
C2 noun /ˌvɛəriəˈɡeɪʃən/

variegation

variegación
Meaning
The appearance of differently colored zones in the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants.
Example
Variegation makes the foliage look more attractive.
La variegación hace que el follaje sea más atractivo.
C2 verb /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/

incapacitate

incapacitar
Meaning
to deprive someone or something of the ability or strength to function
Example
The severe injury incapacitated the player for the rest of the season.
La grave lesión incapacitó al jugador para el resto de la temporada.
C1 verb /wɑːft/

waft

flotar en el aire
Meaning
to move gently through the air, carried by a breeze
Example
The smell of fresh bread wafted through the kitchen.
El olor de pan fresco flotó por la cocina.
C2 adjective /ˈklɛmənt/

clement

clemente / suave
Meaning
mild or merciful; describing weather as mild and pleasant
Example
The prisoners hoped for a clement judge.
Los prisioneros esperaban un juez clemente.
A2 adjective /ʃaɪ/

Shy

tímido; vergonzoso
Meaning
nervous or timid in the company of other people
Example
The shy student rarely spoke up in class discussions.
El estudiante tímido rara vez participaba en las discusiones de clase.
C2 noun /ˈmær.oʊ ʌv ˈplæn.tɪn triː/

Marrow of plantain tree

médula del árbol de plátano
Meaning
the soft inner part of the banana plant stem that is used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
The marrow of plantain tree is commonly used in traditional Bengali cuisine.
La médula del árbol de plátano se usa comúnmente en la cocina tradicional bengalí.
B1 adverb /ˈɪnstəntli/

instantly

instantáneamente
Meaning
immediately, without any delay
Example
He replied instantly to the message.
Él respondió instantáneamente al mensaje.
C2 noun /ˌæfɛkˈteɪʃən/

affectation

afectación
Meaning
an unnatural behavior or speech intended to impress others
Example
Her British accent was just an affectation to sound sophisticated.
Su acento británico era solo una afectación para sonar sofisticado.
C2 adjective /ˈsækərɪn/

saccharine

felicidad
Meaning
Excessively sweet or sentimental.
Example
His saccharine smile seemed insincere.
No pudo ocultar su felicidad cuando recibió el premio.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

civilizaciones
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Las antiguas civilizaciones desarrollaron sistemas complejos de gobierno.
B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

aleatorio
Meaning
without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance
Example
She selected a random book from the library shelf.
Ella seleccionó un libro aleatorio de la estantería de la biblioteca.
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

catarata / cascada
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
El hombre mayor sufría de cataratas en ambos ojos.
C1 noun /əˈlɜːrtnəs/

alertness

estado de alerta
Meaning
the state of being mentally aware and quick to notice or respond; vigilance
Example
The driver maintained a high level of alertness during the long journey.
El conductor mantuvo un alto nivel de estado de alerta durante el viaje.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.və.naɪl/

Juvenile

juvenil; menor
Meaning
a young person below the age of adult criminal responsibility; relating to young people
Example
The juvenile court handles cases involving young offenders under eighteen.
El tribunal juvenil maneja casos que involucran a jóvenes infractores menores de dieciocho años.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusión de salinidad
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
La intrusión de salinidad afecta las regiones costeras.
C1 verb /wiːld/

wield

sujetar, usar
Meaning
To hold and use a weapon, tool, or power effectively.
Example
The warrior wielded his sword with great skill.
El guerrero usó su espada con gran habilidad.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːdɪd/

Excluded

excluido; marginado
Meaning
not included; left out; barred from participation
Example
He felt excluded from the group activities and conversations.
Él se sintió excluido de las actividades del grupo y de las conversaciones.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈtjuːɪti/

gratuity

propina
Meaning
A sum of money given as a tip or a retirement benefit.
Example
The waiter received a generous gratuity for his excellent service.
El camarero recibió una generosa propina por su excelente servicio.
A2 noun /fækt/

fact

hecho
Meaning
A thing that is known or proved to be true
Example
It is a fact that the Earth orbits the Sun.
Es un hecho que la Tierra orbita alrededor del Sol.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contradictorio
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Su enfoque parece contradictorio, pero en realidad funciona.
C2 noun /ˈiːɡlət/

eaglet

aguilucho
Meaning
A young eagle.
Example
The eaglet waited in the nest for its mother to return.
El aguilucho esperó en el nido a que su madre regresara.
C2 adjective, adverb /ˌmæləprəˈpoʊ/

malapropos

inapropiado
Meaning
inappropriate or unsuitable; at an inconvenient or inappropriate time
Example
His comment was malapropos during the serious discussion.
Su comentario fue inapropiado durante la discusión seria.
B1 adjective /def/

Deaf

sordo; con dificultad para oír
Meaning
unable to hear; having a hearing impairment
Example
The deaf child learned to communicate using sign language.
El niño sordo aprendió a comunicarse usando lenguaje de señas.
C2 adjective /prɪˈmɒnɪtəri/ or /ˌpriːməˈnɪtəri/

premonitory

premonitorio
Meaning
giving a warning or prediction about something, especially something unpleasant
Example
He ignored the premonitory signs of illness.
Él ignoró los signos premonitorios de enfermedad.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛm.ɪ.neɪt/

disseminate

diseminar
Meaning
To spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people.
Example
Social media helps to disseminate information quickly.
Las redes sociales ayudan a difundir información rápidamente.
C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

jackfruit
Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
Example
The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.
El jackfruit es la fruta de árbol más grande del mundo.
C2 verb /ɪnˈsnɛər/

ensnare

atrapar
Meaning
to catch or trap, often by trickery or deceit
Example
The hunter ensnared the rabbit with a net.
El cazador atrapó al conejo con una red.
C1 noun /æmˈniːʒə/

amnesia

amnesia
Meaning
A partial or total loss of memory, usually caused by injury, illness, or psychological trauma.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from amnesia and could not remember her own name.
Después del accidente, sufrió de amnesia y no pudo recordar su propio nombre.
C1 noun /ˌmænɪˈfɛstoʊ/

manifesto

manifiesto
Meaning
a public declaration of policy and aims, especially by a political party
Example
The party released its manifesto before the election.
El partido publicó su manifiesto antes de las elecciones.
C1 verb məˈnɒp.ə.laɪz

monopolize

controlar exclusivamente
Meaning
Control exclusively, dominate market.
Example
The company tried to monopolize the market.
La empresa intentó monopolizar el mercado.
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

endocrino
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
El sistema endocrino regula el metabolismo y el crecimiento.
C1 noun /treɪd fəˌsɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

trade facilitation

facilitación del comercio
Meaning
The simplification, modernization and harmonization of export and import processes.
Example
Trade facilitation boosts economic growth.
La facilitación del comercio impulsa el crecimiento económico.
B2 noun /ɡler/

Glare

una mirada feroz o enojada; una luz fuerte y deslumbrante
Meaning
a fierce or angry stare; a strong and dazzling light
Example
The teacher's stern glare silenced the noisy students immediately.
La mirada severa del maestro silenció a los estudiantes ruidosos de inmediato.
A2 noun /ˈheəkʌt/

haircut

corte de pelo
Meaning
the act or style of cutting hair
Example
I got a haircut before the wedding.
Me hice un corte de pelo antes de la boda.
C1 verb ˈɔː.kɪ.streɪ.tɪd

orchestrated

orquestado
Meaning
Planned or coordinated carefully and deliberately.
Example
The attacks were orchestrated with precision.
Los ataques fueron orquestados con precisión.
B2 noun /əˈnælədʒi/

analogy

analogía
Meaning
A comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Example
The teacher used the analogy of a tree to explain the structure of an essay.
El maestro utilizó la analogía de un árbol para explicar la estructura de un ensayo.
C2 adjective /ˌsæsərˈdoʊtl/

sacerdotal

sacerdotal
Meaning
Relating to priests or the priesthood.
Example
The ritual had a distinctly sacerdotal character.
El ritual tenía un carácter claramente sacerdotal.
C2 noun /ˈbriːtʃɪz/

Breeckes

pantalones cortos hasta la rodilla
Meaning
knee-length trousers; short pants
Example
He wore riding breeches for the equestrian event.
Él usó pantalones cortos hasta la rodilla para el evento ecuestre.
C2 noun /ˈsɔː.dər/

Sawder

adulación; halagos falsos
Meaning
flattering or wheedling talk; soft soap
Example
His sawder couldn't convince anyone of his sincerity.
Su adulación no pudo convencer a nadie de su sinceridad.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

echar fuera
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
El árbitro tuvo que ejectar al jugador por conducta antideportiva.
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

estereotipar
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
Estereotipar a las personas según su raza es perjudicial.
B2 adjective /pəˈsɪs.tənt/

persistent

persistente
Meaning
continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period
Example
Despite many setbacks, her persistent efforts led to success.
A pesar de muchos contratiempos, sus esfuerzos persistentes condujeron al éxito.
B2 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/

Generosity

generosidad
Meaning
the quality of being kind and generous; willingness to give money, help, kindness freely
Example
The billionaire's generosity was evident in his numerous charitable donations to hospitals.
La generosidad del multimillonario fue evidente en sus numerosas donaciones caritativas a los hospitales.
C1 noun /ˈbɪɡ.ət/

bigot

fanático
Meaning
A person who is intolerant toward those holding different opinions or beliefs.
Example
He was called a bigot for refusing to listen to others' views.
Lo llamaron fanático por negarse a escuchar las opiniones de los demás.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌmp.ʃən/

gumption

valor, iniciativa
Meaning
Courage, resourcefulness, or initiative.
Example
It takes real gumption to start your own business.
Hace falta mucho valor para comenzar tu propio negocio.
B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

avances
Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.
Example
Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.
Los avances científicos mejoran la innovación global.
B1 adverb /ˈpriːviəsli/

previously

anteriormente
Meaning
at an earlier time or before now
Example
She had previously worked at a bank before starting her own business.
Ella había trabajado anteriormente en un banco antes de comenzar su propio negocio.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/

foliage

follaje
Meaning
The leaves of a plant, collectively.
Example
The autumn foliage looked stunning in the park.
El follaje de otoño se veía impresionante en el parque.
C2 noun əˌten.juˈeɪ.ʃən

attenuation

atenuación, reducción, debilitamiento
Meaning
The reduction of the force, effect, or value of something.
Example
The attenuation of sound waves affects communication.
La atenuación de las ondas sonoras afecta la comunicación.
A1 verb /ɡes/

guess

adivinar
Meaning
to give an answer or opinion without complete knowledge; to estimate
Example
Can you guess the answer?
¿Puedes adivinar la respuesta?
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

infectar
Meaning
To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.
Example
The virus can infect healthy people quickly.
El virus puede infectar a las personas saludables rápidamente.
A2 adjective /streɪndʒ/

strange

extraño
Meaning
unusual or not normal
Example
It was strange to see him at the party after so long.
Era extraño verlo en la fiesta después de tanto tiempo.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈfɪʃ.əl/

Unofficial

no oficial
Meaning
not officially authorized or confirmed; informal
Example
The unofficial results showed a close race.
Los resultados no oficiales mostraron una carrera reñida.
C1 verb /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/

alleviate

aliviar o mitigar
Meaning
To make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe; to relieve or ease.
Example
Meditation can alleviate stress and improve focus.
La meditación puede aliviar el estrés y mejorar el enfoque.
B2 noun /ˈter.ər.ɪ.zəm/

Terrorism

terrorismo
Meaning
the unlawful use of violence and intimidation against civilians for political aims
Example
The government increased security measures to prevent terrorism.
El gobierno aumentó las medidas de seguridad para prevenir el terrorismo.
B2 noun /ˈdʒuː.pɪ.tər/

Jupiter

Júpiter; el dios principal de la mitología romana
Meaning
the largest planet in our solar system; the chief god of Roman mythology
Example
Jupiter is known for its massive size and distinctive red spot.
Júpiter es conocido por su tamaño masivo y la distintiva mancha roja.
B1 noun ˈbæriə(r)

barrier

barrera
Meaning
A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access.
Example
The barrier prevented entry.
La barrera impidió la entrada.
C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

incapacidad
Meaning
lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence
Example
His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.
Su incapacidad para gestionar el equipo provocó problemas graves.
C1 adjective ˈmær.ɪ.taɪm

Maritime

marítimo
Meaning
Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.
Example
Maritime trade enhances the economy.
El comercio marítimo mejora la economía.
C1 adjective məˈdʒes.tɪk

Majestic

majestuoso
Meaning
Having impressive beauty, dignity, or grandeur; regal and stately in appearance.
Example
The majestic Himalayas stand tall against the sky.
Las majestuosas montañas del Himalaya se levantan alto contra el cielo.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈsɛl.jʊ.lər/

intracellular

dentro de la célula
Meaning
Located or occurring within a cell.
Example
The drug works by targeting intracellular bacteria.
El medicamento funciona al dirigirse a las bacterias intracelulares.
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

ira, enojo
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
La nueva política provocó la ira de los empleados.
B2 adjective /əˈfektɪd/

Affected

afectado; impactado
Meaning
influenced; impacted; touched by something
Example
The flood-affected areas need immediate assistance.
Las áreas afectadas por la inundación necesitan asistencia inmediata.
B2 noun/verb /kəˈmjuː.tɪŋ/

commuting

viaje diario
Meaning
Regular travel to and from workplace, daily journey for work.
Example
He spends two hours commuting to work every day.
Él pasa dos horas viajando al trabajo todos los días.
B2 noun /ˈdɔː.weɪ/

doorway

puerta
Meaning
the space where a door opens into a room or building
Example
She stood in the doorway waiting for him to arrive.
Ella estaba parada en la puerta esperando a que él llegara.
B2 noun ˌreɪ.di.oʊ.ækˈtɪv.ə.ti

radioactivity

radiactividad
Meaning
The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.
Example
Radioactivity is used in medical treatments like cancer therapy.
La radioactividad se usa en tratamientos médicos como la terapia del cáncer.
A2 verb /prəˈtɛkt/

protect

proteger
Meaning
To keep safe from harm or injury.
Example
Protect yourself from the negative effects of social media.
Protégete de los efectos negativos de las redes sociales.
C1 adverb /ˈmerɪli/

Merrily

alegremente
Meaning
in a cheerful and joyful manner
Example
The children played merrily in the garden.
Los niños jugaban alegremente en el jardín.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/

intensify

intensificar
Meaning
To make something stronger, more extreme, or more forceful.
Example
The storm is expected to intensify overnight.
Se espera que la tormenta se intensifique durante la noche.
B1 noun /ruːt/

Root

raíz; origen; base; causa
Meaning
the part of a plant that grows underground; the basic cause, source, or origin of something
Example
We need to find the root of this problem to solve it permanently.
Necesitamos encontrar la raíz de este problema para resolverlo permanentemente.
C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

paralelismo
Meaning
The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.
Example
The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.
El escritor usó el paralelismo para dar ritmo a su prosa.
B2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gamble

apostar
Meaning
to bet money on games of chance; to take a risky action
Example
He decided to gamble his savings on the stock market.
Él decidió arriesgar sus ahorros en el mercado de valores.
A2 adjective /smuːð/

Smooth

suave; liso; sin dificultades; fluido
Meaning
having an even surface; without difficulties; flowing easily
Example
The road was smooth and comfortable to drive on.
El camino estaba suave y cómodo para conducir.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnəˌreɪtɪd/

venerated

venerado
Meaning
respected and admired deeply
Example
The venerated professor was honored with an award.
El profesor venerado fue honrado con un premio.
B1 adjective ˌdem.əˈkræt.ɪk

democratic

democrático
Meaning
Relating to or supporting democracy or its principles.
Example
Democratic governance ensures equal rights.
La gobernanza democrática asegura derechos iguales.
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

idiota
Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
Su comportamiento idiota avergonzó a todos en la reunión.
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

pulgada / moverse lentamente
Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
Ella se acercó lentamente al borde del escenario.
B2 noun ˈskeə.sɪ.ti

scarcity

escasez
Meaning
The state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage.
Example
Water scarcity threatens agriculture.
La escasez de agua amenaza la agricultura.
C2 adverb /pəˈfɔːs/

perforce

inevitable
Meaning
by necessity; inevitably
Example
He had to perforce accept the decision.
Tuvo que aceptar la decisión inevitablemente.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/

Unfortunate

desafortunado; lamentable
Meaning
having bad luck; regrettable or unlucky
Example
It was unfortunate that the meeting was cancelled at the last minute.
Fue desafortunado que la reunión se cancelara en el último minuto.
C2 noun /əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm/

americanism

americanismo
Meaning
A word, phrase, or practice characteristic of American English or culture.
Example
The term 'sidewalk' is an Americanism, while 'pavement' is used in British English.
El término 'sidewalk' es un americanismo, mientras que 'pavement' se usa en el inglés británico.
B1 noun /ˈleɪ.bəl/

Label

etiqueta
Meaning
a small piece of paper or material attached to something to identify or describe it
Example
Please read the label carefully before taking any medication.
Por favor, lea la etiqueta cuidadosamente antes de tomar cualquier medicamento.
C2 verb /bɪˈkɑːm/

becalm

calmar
Meaning
to make calm or still; to deprive a sailing vessel of wind
Example
The captain tried to becalm the anxious crew.
El capitán intentó calmar a la tripulación ansiosa.
A2 noun /deθ/

Death

muerte
Meaning
the end of life; the permanent cessation of vital functions
Example
The death of the great leader was mourned by the entire nation.
La muerte del gran líder fue lamentada por toda la nación.
C1 noun /deɪˈtɑːnt/

detente

distensión
Meaning
the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries
Example
The two nations worked toward detente after decades of conflict.
Las dos naciones trabajaron hacia la distensión después de décadas de conflicto.
C2 adjective /ræpˈtɔːriəl/

raptorial

rapaz
Meaning
Relating to birds of prey or predatory behavior.
Example
The eagle is a raptorial bird with sharp talons.
El águila es un ave rapaz con garras afiladas.
B2 noun /dəˈmeɪn/

domain

dominio
Meaning
An area of knowledge, activity, or territory over which control is exercised.
Example
Mathematics is her main domain of expertise.
Las matemáticas son su principal dominio de experiencia.
B1 noun /ˈmeɪkʌp/

makeup

maquillaje
Meaning
cosmetics used to enhance or alter appearance
Example
She applied makeup before the party.
Ella aplicó maquillaje antes de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˌræm.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

ramification

consecuencia
Meaning
a consequence of an action or event, often complex or unwelcome.
Example
The new law has serious social ramifications.
La nueva ley tiene graves consecuencias sociales.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

complicated

complicado
Meaning
consisting of many interconnected parts; difficult to understand
Example
The instructions for the machine are too complicated to follow.
Las instrucciones de la máquina son demasiado complicadas para seguir.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/

outstrip

superar
Meaning
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
Example
The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year.
La compañía superó a sus competidores en ventas el año pasado.
A2 adjective /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/

confusing

confuso
Meaning
causing someone to be unable to think clearly or understand; difficult to comprehend
Example
The instructions were confusing and hard to follow.
Las instrucciones eran confusas y difíciles de seguir.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

incoercible
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
Su espíritu incoercible inspiró a otros a luchar por la justicia.
C2 noun /ˈfiːæt/

fiat

decreto, mandato
Meaning
an official order or decree; authoritative command
Example
The new policy was enacted by royal fiat.
La nueva política fue implementada por un decreto real.
C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

inclinación
Meaning
a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something
Example
She has a penchant for collecting rare books.
Ella tiene una inclinación por coleccionar libros raros.
B1 verb /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/

qualify

calificar
Meaning
to successfully complete a course or pass an exam; to become eligible
Example
She worked hard to qualify for the competition.
Ella trabajó duro para calificar para la competencia.
B2 noun /ˈspɛk.tə.kəl/

spectacle

espectáculo
Meaning
An impressive display or performance for viewers.
Example
The fireworks created a breathtaking spectacle in the night sky.
Los fuegos artificiales crearon un espectáculo impresionante en el cielo nocturno.
C2 adjective /ɛkˈstrɪnzɪk/

extrinsic

extrínseco
Meaning
Not part of the essential nature of someone or something; coming from outside.
Example
His motivation was largely extrinsic, driven by rewards and recognition.
Su motivación era en gran parte extrínseca, impulsada por recompensas y reconocimiento.
B1 adjective /ˈrɔɪ.əl/

Royal

real
Meaning
belonging to or connected with the monarch or monarchy; magnificent; excellent
Example
The royal family attended the ceremony.
La familia real asistió a la ceremonia.
B2 adjective ˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

logical

lógico
Meaning
Of or according to the rules of logic or formal argument.
Example
Logical circuits ensure effective computation.
Los circuitos lógicos aseguran un cálculo efectivo.
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

sonreír con suficiencia
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
Él sonrió cuando ganó la discusión.
B1 verb /rɪd/

rid

eliminar
Meaning
to remove or get rid of something
Example
I need to rid the house of all the clutter.
Necesito deshacerme del desorden en la casa.
B2 noun /ˈhedʒhɒɡ/

Hedge-hog

erizo
Meaning
a small mammal with a spiny coat that can roll into a ball for defense
Example
The hedgehog rolled into a ball when it felt threatened.
El erizo se enrolló en una bola cuando se sintió amenazado.
B2 noun ˈkɛmɪkəl weɪst

chemical waste

residuos químicos
Meaning
Waste material from industrial or laboratory processes that contains harmful chemicals.
Example
Chemical waste pollutes water bodies.
Los residuos químicos contaminan los cuerpos de agua.
C1 noun /ˈtɪrəni/

tyranny

tiranía
Meaning
Cruel and oppressive government or rule by a tyrant.
Example
The people revolted against the tyranny of their ruler.
La gente se rebeló contra la tiranía de su gobernante.
C1 noun /ˈɡlɒs.ər.i/

Glossary

glosario
Meaning
an alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with explanations; a brief dictionary
Example
The textbook includes a helpful glossary at the end to define technical terms.
El libro de texto incluye un glosario útil al final para definir términos técnicos.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

directo
Meaning
Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.
Example
She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.
Ella fue directa en su crítica a la política.
A2 noun /ɔɪl/

Oil

aceite
Meaning
a viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, used for cooking or fuel
Example
Heat the oil in a pan before adding the vegetables.
Calienta el aceite en una sartén antes de añadir las verduras.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈveləpt/

Undeveloped

no desarrollado; inmaduro; primitivo
Meaning
not yet developed; immature or primitive
Example
The undeveloped land was later turned into a park.
La tierra no desarrollada fue luego convertida en un parque.
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

revocar
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
El gobierno decidió revocar su pasaporte.
C2 noun /miːd/

mead

hidromiel
Meaning
An alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.
Example
The Vikings were known to drink large amounts of mead during feasts.
Los vikingos eran conocidos por beber grandes cantidades de hidromiel durante los banquetes.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

uninteresting

aburrido
Meaning
not holding attention or curiosity; boring
Example
The lecture was uninteresting and difficult to stay focused on.
La conferencia fue aburrida y difícil de seguir.
B1 noun /ˈbaɪbəl/

bible

biblia
Meaning
the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments; also used for any authoritative book
Example
She reads the Bible every morning.
Ella lee la Biblia cada mañana.
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

adoptivo
Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
Ella creció en una familia adoptiva cariñosa.
C2 noun /ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Machination

maquinación; intriga;
Meaning
a clever scheme or artful plot, usually with evil intent; crafty designing or plotting
Example
The villain's machinations were finally exposed.
Las maquinaciones del villano finalmente fueron expuestas.