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C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

similar
Meaning
Of similar character or related by blood.
Example
His reaction was akin to shock.
Su reacción fue similar a un shock.
C2 verb /ʧeɪf/

chafe

rozar
Meaning
To make or become sore by rubbing; to feel irritation or impatience.
Example
The tight shoes began to chafe his heels.
Los zapatos apretados empezaron a rozar sus talones.
A2 noun /ˈklɑːsmeɪt/

classmate

compañero de clase
Meaning
a person who is in the same class or course of study as another
Example
I met one of my old classmates at the university event.
Me encontré con un antiguo compañero de clase en el evento universitario.
B1 noun /ˈslɪpər/

Slipper

pantufla
Meaning
light, comfortable shoe without a back, worn indoors
Example
She put on her slippers before walking around the house.
Ella se puso sus pantuflas antes de caminar por la casa.
A1 adjective /ˈrɛd.i/

ready

listo
Meaning
Prepared or available for use or action.
Example
She was ready to leave for the airport.
Ella estaba lista para ir al aeropuerto.
A1 determiner /sʌm/

some

algunos
Meaning
an unspecified amount or number of something
Example
I have some money in my wallet.
Tengo algo de dinero en mi cartera.
C1 verb /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/

humanize

humanizar
Meaning
To make something more humane, kind, or relatable.
Example
The teacher tried to humanize the lesson with personal stories.
La maestra trató de humanizar la lección con historias personales.
C2 noun, adjective /ˌtætərdɪˈmeɪliən/

tatterdemalion

persona vestida con ropa rasgada
Meaning
A person dressed in ragged clothes; ragged or dilapidated in appearance.
Example
A tatterdemalion wandered the streets in search of food.
Un tatterdemalion vagaba por las calles en busca de comida.
B2 noun /sərˈvaɪvər/

Survivor

una persona que sobrevive, especialmente una persona que sigue viva después de un evento en el que otras personas han muerto
Meaning
a person who survives, especially a person remaining alive after an event in which others have died
Example
She is a cancer survivor who now helps other patients.
Ella es una sobreviviente de cáncer que ahora ayuda a otros pacientes.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɒs.stɪk/

Joss-stick

incienso
Meaning
a thin stick of incense that is burned for its pleasant smell, especially in religious ceremonies
Example
She lit a joss-stick in the temple during her prayers.
Ella encendió un palo de incienso en el templo durante sus oraciones.
C1 noun /ˈænvɪl/

anvil

yunque de hierro
Meaning
A heavy iron block used by blacksmiths for hammering and shaping metal.
Example
The blacksmith placed the hot iron on the anvil.
El herrero colocó el hierro caliente sobre el yunque.
C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

moda
Meaning
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
Example
Minimalist design is currently in vogue.
El diseño minimalista está actualmente de moda.
B1 noun /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/

Voyage

viaje; travesía por mar
Meaning
a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
Example
The ship's voyage across the Atlantic took two weeks.
El viaje del barco a través del Atlántico duró dos semanas.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

foreword

prólogo
Meaning
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, typically written by someone other than the author
Example
The foreword of the book was written by a famous historian.
El prólogo del libro fue escrito por un historiador famoso.
B2 verb /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

discharge

alta
Meaning
to release or dismiss from duty; to emit or give off
Example
The hospital will discharge the patient tomorrow.
El hospital dará de alta al paciente mañana.
A2 noun /ˈdrɑː.mə/

drama

drama
Meaning
a play for theater, radio, or television, or an exciting or emotional situation
Example
She loves watching historical drama series.
A ella le encanta ver series de drama históricas.
A1 title /ˈmɪstər/

mr

Sr.
Meaning
a title used before a man's name
Example
Mr. Rahman is our new teacher.
Sr. Rahman es nuestro nuevo maestro.
C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

pervasión
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
Había una pervasión de esperanza en toda la comunidad.
A1 noun /bɒks/

Box

caja
Meaning
a container with flat sides and a lid, used for storing or carrying things
Example
She put her toys in the wooden box.
Ella puso sus juguetes en la caja de madera.
B2 noun/verb /ˈslɔː.tər/

slaughter

matanza / asesinato
Meaning
the killing of animals for food; killing in large numbers violently
Example
The army slaughtered hundreds of enemy soldiers.
El ejército mató a cientos de soldados enemigos.
C1 noun ˌæf.ɔːr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

afforestation

reforestación
Meaning
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to form a forest.
Example
Afforestation helps restore biodiversity.
La reforestación ayuda a restaurar la biodiversidad.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənts/

condiments

condimentos o salsas
Meaning
Seasonings or sauces used to add flavor to food.
Example
Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments for burgers.
El kétchup y la mostaza son condimentos populares para las hamburguesas.
A1 verb /seɪv/

save

salvar, ahorrar
Meaning
to rescue from danger; to keep for future use
Example
It's important to save money for emergencies.
Es importante ahorrar dinero para emergencias.
C2 noun /əˌpɒθiˈoʊsɪs/

apotheosis

apoteosis, el punto más alto
Meaning
The highest point of development; the perfect example of something; the elevation of someone to divine status.
Example
Many see the Renaissance as the apotheosis of art and culture in Europe.
Muchos ven el Renacimiento como la apoteosis del arte y la cultura en Europa.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbændɪdʒ/

bandage

venda
Meaning
a strip of material used to cover or protect a wound; to cover or wrap a wound with such material
Example
The nurse carefully bandaged his injured arm.
La enfermera vendó su brazo herido.
A2 noun /ˈɡʊdnəs/

goodness

bondad
Meaning
the quality of being morally good or virtuous
Example
Her goodness was evident in the way she treated others.
Su bondad era evidente en la forma en que trataba a los demás.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈlaɪ/

underlie

subyacer
Meaning
to be the hidden cause or basis of something
Example
Strong cultural traditions underlie the community's practices.
Las fuertes tradiciones culturales subyacen a las prácticas de la comunidad.
C2 verb /ʌnˈkloʊð/

unclothe

desvestir; quitar la ropa
Meaning
to remove clothing from someone or something
Example
The nurse helped unclothe the patient for the examination.
La enfermera ayudó a desvestir al paciente para el examen.
B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

peine
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
Ella usó un peine para peinar su cabello antes de la fiesta.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

incoherencia
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
Su discurso estaba lleno de incoherencias y era difícil de seguir.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

abismo
Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
Los escaladores miraron hacia abajo en el oscuro abismo.
C2 noun /foʊl fʊt/

Foal-foot

flor de pezuña de caballo
Meaning
a yellow flowering plant with leaves shaped like a horse's hoof, also known as coltsfoot
Example
The foal-foot plant grows wild in many meadows and is often the first flower to bloom in spring.
La planta de pezuña de caballo crece silvestre en muchos prados y a menudo es la primera flor en florecer en primavera.
C1 noun dɪˈfleɪʃən

deflation

deflación
Meaning
Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.
Example
Deflation often leads to decreased consumer spending.
La deflación a menudo conduce a una disminución del gasto de los consumidores.
B2 adverb /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/

Artificially

artificialmente;
Meaning
by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner
Example
The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes.
El lago fue creado artificialmente para fines de riego.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

travieso; pícaro
Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
Su sonrisa traviesa sugería que estaba tramando alguna travesura.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪtəs kwoʊ/

status quo

status quo
Meaning
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues.
Example
The government decided to maintain the status quo until further review.
El gobierno decidió mantener el status quo hasta una revisión posterior.
C1 noun /ˈɛstjʊəri/

estuary

estuario
Meaning
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
Example
The city is located near the estuary of the river.
La ciudad está ubicada cerca del estuario del río.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪndmoʊst/

hindmost

más trasero
Meaning
Farthest back; last in position.
Example
The hindmost car in the convoy broke down first.
El coche más trasero en el convoy se rompió primero.
B1 adverb /ɪˈventʃuəli/

Eventually

finalmente; eventualmente
Meaning
in the end; finally; at last
Example
After years of hard work, she eventually became a doctor.
Después de años de trabajo duro, finalmente se convirtió en doctora.
C2 verb /foʊˈmɛnt/

foment

fomentar
Meaning
To instigate or stir up (an undesirable or violent sentiment or course of action).
Example
The rebel leader tried to foment unrest among the people.
El líder rebelde trató de fomentar el descontento entre la gente.
B2 noun /məˈstɑːʃ/

Moustache

bigote
Meaning
hair that grows on the upper lip of men
Example
He grew a thick moustache for the play.
Él cultivó un espeso bigote para la obra.
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

sonreír de forma burlona
Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
Ella se burló de su intento de cantar.
C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

empujar
Meaning
to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object
Example
She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.
Ella le dio un empujón en el brazo para llamar su atención.
C1 noun /ˈhɛrəsi/

heresy

herejía
Meaning
belief or opinion that goes against established religious doctrine or accepted beliefs.
Example
In medieval times, heresy was often punished severely.
En la Edad Media, la herejía a menudo se castigaba severamente.
C1 noun /ˈævətɑːr/

avatar

avatar
Meaning
an icon or figure representing a person in digital contexts; in Hinduism, a divine incarnation
Example
She changed her social media avatar to a new cartoon image.
Ella cambió su avatar en las redes sociales por una nueva imagen de dibujo animado.
C1 verb /broʊtʃ/

broach

abordar
Meaning
to bring up a subject for discussion
Example
She decided to broach the topic of salary with her manager.
Ella decidió abordar el tema del salario con su jefe.
C2 noun /ˈdrɪvəl/

drivel

cháchara
Meaning
silly or nonsensical talk
Example
The politician’s speech was full of meaningless drivel.
El discurso del político estaba lleno de cháchara sin sentido.
A1 pronoun /miː/

me

me
Meaning
Used by a speaker to refer to themselves as the object of a verb or preposition.
Example
She gave me a beautiful gift.
Ella me dio un regalo hermoso.
C1 noun /ˈtwɪstər/

twister

tornado
Meaning
A tornado or something that twists; also refers to a challenging tongue twister.
Example
The twister destroyed several houses in the village.
El tornado destruyó varias casas en el pueblo.
B2 noun /ˈboʊlər/

bowler

lanzador
Meaning
a person who delivers the ball in cricket; also a type of hard felt hat with a rounded crown
Example
The bowler took three wickets in the first over.
El lanzador tomó tres wickets en el primer over.
C2 noun /dɪˈtraɪtəs/

detritus

detrito
Meaning
Waste or debris of any kind; fragments left from destruction or decay.
Example
The riverbank was covered with detritus after the flood.
La orilla del río estaba cubierta de detritos después de la inundación.
B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

comprensión
Meaning
The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.
Example
Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.
La lectura mejora el vocabulario y las habilidades de comprensión.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəʊd/

epode

una forma de poema lírico
Meaning
A form of lyric poem written in couplets, often following a strophe and antistrophe in classical Greek poetry.
Example
The poet concluded his ode with a striking epode.
El poeta concluyó su oda con un epodo impresionante.
B1 noun /əˈkaʊntənt/

accountant

contador
Meaning
a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
Example
The accountant prepared the financial reports for the company.
El contador preparó los informes financieros para la empresa.
A2 noun /ˈklæsˌruːm/

classroom

aula
Meaning
A room in which classes are held in a school or college.
Example
The teacher entered the classroom and greeted the students.
El maestro entró al aula y saludó a los estudiantes.
B1 noun /dɪˈpɑː.tʃər/

Departure

salida
Meaning
the action of leaving, especially to start a journey; a deviation from an established course
Example
The departure of the train was delayed by thirty minutes due to technical issues.
La salida del tren se retrasó treinta minutos debido a problemas técnicos.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈzɒlvd/

unresolved

no resuelto
Meaning
not solved or settled; remaining undecided or unclear
Example
The dispute remains unresolved despite several meetings.
La disputa sigue sin resolverse a pesar de varias reuniones.
B2 verb /ˈɔː.tə.meɪt/

automate

automatizar
Meaning
To make a process or system operate automatically by means of machines or computers.
Example
Many companies automate their processes to save time.
Muchas empresas automatizan sus procesos para ahorrar tiempo.
B2 verb /fʊlˈfɪl/

fulfil

cumplir
Meaning
to complete or achieve something that was expected or promised; to satisfy a requirement or desire
Example
She worked hard to fulfil her dream of becoming a doctor.
Trabajó duro para cumplir su sueño de convertirse en doctora.
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

previsión
Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
Su previsión ayudó a la empresa a evitar pérdidas financieras.
C1 verb /ˈtræmpəl/

trample

pisotear
Meaning
to tread heavily on something and cause damage or injury
Example
The crowd trampled the flowers in the park.
La multitud pisoteó las flores en el parque.
B2 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈlɪŋɡwəl/

multilingual

multilingüe
Meaning
Able to speak or written in several languages.
Example
She grew up in a multilingual household.
Ella creció en una casa multilingüe.
B2 noun/verb /ˈbrækɪt/

bracket

soporte metálico
Meaning
A support attached to a wall for holding something; also, to group things together.
Example
The shelf was held up by a strong metal bracket.
La estantería estaba sujeta por un fuerte soporte metálico.
C2 verb /ˈfrʌktɪˌfaɪ/

fructify

fructificar
Meaning
To make fruitful or productive; to bear fruit.
Example
The new policies will help fructify the economic potential of the region.
Las nuevas políticas ayudarán a fructificar el potencial económico de la región.
B2 verb /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃər/

manufacture

fabricar
Meaning
to produce goods in large quantities using machinery; to make or create something
Example
The company manufactures electronic devices for global markets.
La empresa fabrica dispositivos electrónicos para mercados globales.
A1 verb /hɪər/

hear

escuchar
Meaning
to perceive sound; to listen to
Example
I can hear the birds singing.
Puedo escuchar a los pájaros cantando.
C2 adjective /dɪˈrɪzəbl/

derisible

ridiculizable
Meaning
deserving ridicule or mockery
Example
His excuse was so weak that it was plainly derisible.
Su excusa era tan débil que era claramente ridiculizable.
B2 verb /buːst/

boost

aumentar
Meaning
To increase, improve, or raise something.
Example
The company launched a campaign to boost sales.
La compañía lanzó una campaña para aumentar las ventas.
B2 noun ˈmɑːr.kɪt ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

market economy

economía de mercado
Meaning
An economic system where production and pricing decisions are controlled by individuals and based on supply and demand.
Example
A market economy allows businesses to compete freely.
Una economía de mercado permite a las empresas competir libremente.
C1 noun ˈdɪskɔrd

discord

discordia
Meaning
Disagreement or conflict between people or ideas.
Example
Discord among people disrupts societal stability.
La discordia entre las personas perturba la estabilidad social.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

eficiente en el uso de recursos
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
La agricultura eficiente en el uso de recursos conserva agua y energía.
B2 verb /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/

engaging

involucrar
Meaning
Participating or becoming involved in; occupying or attracting someone's interest or attention.
Example
Engaging youth in education is essential.
Es esencial involucrar a los jóvenes en la educación.
B1 noun /ˈbækʌp/

backup

copia de seguridad
Meaning
a copy of data stored separately to protect against loss
Example
Make sure to have a backup of your important files.
Asegúrate de tener una copia de seguridad de tus archivos importantes.
A1 noun /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/

shopping

compras
Meaning
the activity of going to shops to buy things
Example
She spent the afternoon shopping for clothes.
Pasó la tarde de compras para ropa.
B1 noun, verb /ɡreɪd/

grade

nota, grado
Meaning
A level of quality, rank, or performance; to assign a score or mark to work or performance.
Example
The teacher graded all the papers by the weekend.
El profesor calificó todos los papeles para el fin de semana.
C2 noun /ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Machination

maquinación; intriga;
Meaning
a clever scheme or artful plot, usually with evil intent; crafty designing or plotting
Example
The villain's machinations were finally exposed.
Las maquinaciones del villano finalmente fueron expuestas.
A2 adverb /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

Now-a-days

Hoy en día; en la actualidad
Meaning
at the present time; in these times
Example
Now-a-days, people prefer online shopping.
Hoy en día, la gente prefiere las compras en línea.
A2 noun /boʊl/

Bowl

tazón
Meaning
a round, deep dish or basin used for food or liquid
Example
She served the soup in a large ceramic bowl.
Ella sirvió la sopa en un tazón grande de cerámica.
B1 noun /rɪˈsep.ʃən/

Reception

recepción; recepción formal; bienvenida;
Meaning
the action of receiving something or someone; a formal social occasion held to welcome someone
Example
The wedding reception was held at a beautiful hotel.
La recepción de la boda se celebró en un hermoso hotel.
B2 adjective /ˈfæktʃuəl/

Factual

factual; basado en hechos; verdadero
Meaning
based on facts; accurate; true
Example
The report contains only factual information.
El informe contiene solo información factual.
B2 adjective /ʌnəˈfreɪd/

unafraid

sin miedo
Meaning
Not feeling fear; brave or courageous
Example
She walked into the dark room, unafraid of what might be inside.
Ella entró en la habitación oscura, sin miedo de lo que pudiera haber dentro.
C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

entrecerrar los ojos
Meaning
to look with partly closed eyes
Example
She squinted at the bright sunlight.
Ella entrecerró los ojos por la luz brillante del sol.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

incontrolable; fuera de control
Meaning
difficult or impossible to control or handle
Example
The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.
La gran clase se volvió incontrolable sin una supervisión adecuada.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

despreciar
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
La empresa fue multada por ignorar las regulaciones ambientales.
C2 adjective /daɪˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

divertible

desviable
Meaning
capable of being turned aside or redirected
Example
Funds from the budget are not legally divertible.
Los fondos del presupuesto no se pueden desviar legalmente.
B2 noun /ˈlænd.ɪŋ/

Landing

aterrizaje
Meaning
the action of coming to rest on the ground or another surface; a level area at the top of a staircase
Example
The pilot made a smooth landing despite the stormy weather conditions.
El piloto realizó un aterrizaje suave a pesar de las condiciones meteorológicas tormentosas.
C1 noun ˈʌp.raɪ.zɪŋ

uprising

levantamiento
Meaning
An act of resistance or rebellion; a revolt against an authority or government.
Example
The uprising marked the beginning of the revolution.
El levantamiento marcó el comienzo de la revolución.
C2 verb /trəˈdjuːs/

traduce

difamar
Meaning
To speak badly of someone or tell lies to damage their reputation.
Example
He was furious when he found out that his rivals had traduced him.
Estaba furioso cuando descubrió que sus rivales lo habían difamado.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːrbɪd/

morbid

interés anormal en temas perturbadores o desagradables
Meaning
Having an abnormal interest in disturbing or unpleasant subjects such as death or disease.
Example
She had a morbid fascination with crime stories.
Ella tenía una fascinación mórbida por las historias de crímenes.
B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

initiatives

iniciativas
Meaning
Actions or strategies designed to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; programs or projects.
Example
Community initiatives benefit underprivileged groups.
Las iniciativas comunitarias benefician a los grupos desfavorecidos.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈklɛmɛnt/

inclement

clima inclemente
Meaning
unpleasantly cold, wet, or stormy (usually weather)
Example
The match was canceled due to inclement weather.
El partido fue cancelado debido al clima inclemente.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

recidivismo
Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
El gobierno introdujo nuevos programas para reducir el recidivismo entre antiguos reclusos.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛn.ju.əs/

tenuous

débil / delgado
Meaning
Very weak, thin, or slight; lacking a strong basis.
Example
The evidence against him is quite tenuous.
La evidencia contra él es bastante débil.
C2 noun /ˌdaɪələˈtɪʃən/

dialectician

dialéctico
Meaning
A person skilled in dialectic or logical argument.
Example
Socrates is often considered the greatest dialectician in history.
A Sócrates a menudo se le considera el mayor dialéctico de la historia.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

una abundancia excesiva
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
Ella tiene una abundancia excesiva de libros en su estante.
A1 pronoun/noun /lɒts/

lots

muchos
Meaning
A large number or amount of something.
Example
She has lots of friends in the city.
Ella tiene muchos amigos en la ciudad.
B2 noun /hɔːk/

Hawk

halcón
Meaning
a bird of prey with broad wings and strong talons used for hunting
Example
The hawk soared high above the field hunting for prey.
El halcón voló alto sobre el campo buscando su presa.
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

con mucho cuidado
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
El artista completó el proyecto con mucho cuidado.
B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

casualmente; de manera relajada e informal
Meaning
in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation
Example
He casually mentioned that he was leaving.
Él mencionó casualmente que se iba.
C2 noun /ˈtrɪp.lɪ.kət/

triplicate

tres copias
Meaning
A set of three identical copies of something.
Example
The documents were prepared in triplicate for official use.
Los documentos fueron preparados en triplicado para uso oficial.
A1 noun /pɑːrt/

part

parte
Meaning
a piece or segment of something
Example
She gave me a part of her chocolate.
Ella me dio una parte de su chocolate.
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.kʌm/

Outcome

resultado; consecuencia;
Meaning
the result or consequence of an action or situation; the final product
Example
The outcome of the election surprised everyone.
El resultado de las elecciones sorprendió a todos.
C2 noun /ˈkælvəri/

calvary

calvario
Meaning
A place or experience of intense suffering, originally the site of Jesus’s crucifixion.
Example
For many refugees, the journey across the desert was a calvary.
Para muchos refugiados, el viaje a través del desierto fue un calvario.
C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

capricho
Meaning
a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior
Example
She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.
Ella compró el vestido caro por un capricho.
C1 noun /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/

lexicon

léxico
Meaning
The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge; a collection of words and terms.
Example
A translator must have a vast lexicon of both languages.
Un traductor debe tener un vasto léxico de ambos idiomas.
B1 adverb /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/

Upside-down

al revés
Meaning
with the upper part at the bottom; in or into a reversed position
Example
The picture was hanging upside-down on the wall.
La foto estaba colgada al revés en la pared.
C2 adjective /ˈmæn.laɪk/

manlike

masculino
Meaning
Having qualities or characteristics traditionally associated with a man; manly.
Example
His manlike courage impressed everyone in the village.
Su valentía masculina impresionó a todos en el pueblo.
A2 noun /ˈneɪbər/

neighbor

vecino
Meaning
a person living next door or nearby
Example
My neighbor lent me some sugar when I ran out.
Mi vecino me prestó algo de azúcar cuando me quedé sin.
C1 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈfɔːrməti/

Uniformity

uniformidad; consistencia; igualdad
Meaning
the quality of being uniform; consistency or sameness
Example
The uniformity of the design created a pleasing visual effect.
La uniformidad del diseño creó un efecto visual atractivo.
C2 adverb /ˌfɔːrθˈwɪθ/

Forthwith

inmediatamente; sin demora; al instante
Meaning
immediately; without delay; at once
Example
The manager ordered the employee to stop the unsafe practice forthwith.
El gerente ordenó al empleado detener la práctica peligrosa de inmediato.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.bəl/

Noble

noble
Meaning
having high moral qualities; honorable; generous; of aristocratic birth
Example
His noble actions helped many people in need.
Sus acciones nobles ayudaron a muchas personas necesitadas.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzɜrt/

exert

ejercer
Meaning
to apply or bring to bear; to use physical or mental effort
Example
He exerted all his strength to lift the heavy box.
Él ejerció toda su fuerza para levantar la caja pesada.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːrd.ʃɪp/

Hardship

dificultad, sufrimiento
Meaning
severe suffering or privation; difficulty or distress
Example
Despite facing many hardships during the war, the family remained united and hopeful.
A pesar de enfrentar muchas dificultades durante la guerra, la familia permaneció unida y esperanzada.
B1 adverb /ˈlɪtərəli/

literally

literalmente
Meaning
in a literal manner or sense; exactly
Example
He was literally running for three hours without stopping.
Él estuvo corriendo literalmente durante tres horas sin detenerse.
B2 noun /ˈfluː.ən.si/

fluency

fluidez
Meaning
The ability to speak or write a language smoothly and effortlessly.
Example
She speaks English with remarkable fluency.
Ella habla inglés con fluidez notable.
B2 adjective /ˈflɔː.ləs/

Flawless

perfecto; sin defectos
Meaning
perfect; without any defects or faults; immaculate
Example
Her flawless performance earned her a standing ovation.
Su actuación perfecta le valió una ovación de pie.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

relacionado con París
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
Ella llevaba un vestido de estilo parisiano en la fiesta.
A2 noun, verb /ˈɪʃuː/

issue

problema, publicación, distribución
Meaning
A problem, topic, or the act of supplying or distributing something.
Example
The magazine will issue a new edition next week.
La revista publicará una nueva edición la próxima semana.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

subjetivo
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
La belleza a menudo se considera un concepto subjetivo.
C2 noun /ˈdʌblɪt/

doublet

doblete / chaqueta ajustada
Meaning
a close-fitting jacket worn by men in the Renaissance; also, a pair of similar things
Example
The actor wore a velvet doublet for the Shakespearean play.
El actor llevó un doblete de terciopelo para la obra de Shakespeare.
C2 adjective /bəˈnɛfɪsənt/

beneficent

benévolo, generoso
Meaning
generous or doing good
Example
The beneficent leader donated funds to build a hospital.
El líder benévolo donó fondos para construir un hospital.