abstemious
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C2 adjective /æbˈstiːmiəs/

abstemious

abstemio
Meaning
not allowing oneself much food or drink; marked by moderation
Example
She lived an abstemious life, avoiding all luxuries.
Ella vivió una vida abstemio, evitando todos los lujos.
B2 adverb /əˈlɛdʒɪdli/

allegedly

supuestamente
Meaning
used to say that something is claimed to be true, though not proven
Example
He was allegedly involved in the robbery.
Él supuestamente estuvo involucrado en el robo.
C2 adjective /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs/

avaricious

codicioso
Meaning
having or showing extreme greed for wealth or material gain
Example
The avaricious landlord increased the rent unfairly.
El codicioso propietario aumentó el alquiler de manera injusta.
C1 noun /əˈduː/

ado

alboroto / actividad innecesaria
Meaning
a fuss or unnecessary activity; trouble or difficulty
Example
Without further ado, let’s begin the ceremony.
Sin más alboroto, empecemos la ceremonia.
B2 verb əˈkwaɪər

acquire

adquirir
Meaning
To gain or obtain something, especially knowledge or skills, through effort or experience.
Example
Volunteers acquire new skills through their experiences.
Los voluntarios adquieren nuevas habilidades a través de sus experiencias.
C2 adjective /əˈdʌltəreɪtɪd/

adulterated

adulterado
Meaning
describes food, drink, or medicine made weaker or impure by the addition of another substance
Example
Authorities seized adulterated drugs from the warehouse.
Las autoridades incautaron medicamentos adulterados del almacén.
A2 preposition /əˈmʌŋ/

among

entre
Meaning
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
Example
He was sitting among his friends.
Él estaba sentado entre sus amigos.
C2 verb /ˈæbnɪˌɡeɪt/

abnegate

renunciar
Meaning
to deny or renounce something, especially a right or desire
Example
She chose to abnegate her personal interests for the sake of the team.
Ella eligió renunciar a sus intereses personales por el bien del equipo.
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

calumnia
Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
Él lanzó una calumnia sobre su carácter.
C1 noun /ˈælkəmi/

alchemy

alquimia
Meaning
A medieval practice combining elements of chemistry and philosophy, aimed at transforming matter, especially turning base metals into gold.
Example
Medieval scientists devoted their lives to alchemy.
Los científicos medievales dedicaron sus vidas a la alquimia.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (una voz de canto de adulto)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Ella cantaba la parte del alto en el coro hermosamente.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/

arbitration

arbitraje
Meaning
the process of resolving a dispute through an impartial third party whose decision is binding; formal judgment outside a court
Example
The contract requires arbitration to settle any disputes.
El contrato exige arbitraje para resolver cualquier disputa.
C1 noun /əˈboʊd/

abode

morada
Meaning
a place of residence; a home
Example
They invited us to their humble abode.
Nos invitaron a su humilde morada.
B1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/

Alligator

caimán
Meaning
a large reptile similar to a crocodile but with a shorter, wider head
Example
The alligator basked in the sun on the riverbank.
El caimán descansaba al sol en la orilla del río.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

antiesclavismo
Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
El movimiento antiesclavista cobró impulso en el siglo XIX.
A1 adverb /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

also

también
Meaning
in addition; too
Example
She sings beautifully and also plays the guitar.
Ella canta hermosamente y también toca la guitarra.
C1 adjective əsˈtjuːt

astute

astuto o sagaz
Meaning
Having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astute observations helped solve the complex problem.
Sus observaciones astutas ayudaron a resolver el problema complejo.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/

autocracy

autocracia
Meaning
A system of government in which one person has absolute power.
Example
The country suffered under decades of autocracy.
El país sufrió durante décadas bajo una autocracia.
C2 noun /ɑːmz/

alms

limosna
Meaning
Money, food, or goods given to the poor as charity.
Example
The monk distributed alms to the needy villagers.
El monje distribuyó limosnas a los pobres aldeanos.
B2 adjective /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/

Anonymous

anónimo; sin nombre
Meaning
having an unknown name or identity; nameless
Example
The author published the book under an anonymous pseudonym.
El autor publicó el libro bajo un seudónimo anónimo.
C1 adverb /ɔːˈtɒnəməsli/

autonomously

de forma autónoma
Meaning
In an independent or self-governing manner.
Example
The robot can operate autonomously without human intervention.
El robot puede operar de forma autónoma sin intervención humana.
C1 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

aggravation

agravamiento, empeoramiento
Meaning
The act of making a situation worse or the state of being worsened.
Example
The delay caused great aggravation for the passengers.
El retraso causó gran agravio para los pasajeros.
C1 adverb /əˈfrɛʃ/

afresh

de nuevo
Meaning
From the beginning, in a new way.
Example
After the failure, they started the project afresh.
Después del fracaso, comenzaron el proyecto de nuevo.
C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

inofensivo, que alivia el dolor
Meaning
Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.
Example
The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.
Los comentarios anodinos del orador evitaron la controversia.
C1 adjective /əˈfɜːrmətɪv/

affirmative

afirmativo
Meaning
expressing agreement, approval, or a positive response
Example
She gave an affirmative answer to the proposal.
Ella dio una respuesta afirmativa a la propuesta.
B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/

acute

agudo
Meaning
present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception
Example
The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.
El paciente sufrió de dolor agudo después de la cirugía.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

asignación, reparto
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Cada departamento recibió una asignación de recursos.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

anticuado
Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
Sus opiniones sobre las mujeres son positivamente anticuadas.
C2 noun /ˌænθrəpəˈsɛntrɪzəm/

anthropocentrism

antropocentrismo
Meaning
The belief that human beings are the most important or central element of existence.
Example
Anthropocentrism often shapes environmental policies.
El antropocentrismo a menudo da forma a las políticas medioambientales.
B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

aplaudir
Meaning
to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration
Example
The audience applauded the performance.
La audiencia aplaudió la actuación.
C2 verb /æbˈdʒʊər/

abjure

abjurar
Meaning
to formally renounce or give up a belief, cause, or claim
Example
He abjured his allegiance to the old regime.
Él renunció a su lealtad al viejo régimen.
C2 verb /əˈbeɪs/

abase

rebajar
Meaning
to belittle or degrade someone
Example
He refused to abase himself before the king.
Él se negó a rebajarse ante el rey.
B1 adjective /ˈɔːkwəd/

awkward

incómodo
Meaning
causing or feeling embarrassment; difficult to deal with
Example
There was an awkward silence after his joke.
Hubo un silencio incómodo después de su broma.
C1 noun /əˈnɒməli/

anomaly

anomalía
Meaning
something that deviates from the norm or expected result
Example
The sudden drop in temperature was considered an anomaly.
La caída repentina de la temperatura fue considerada una anomalía.
C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

aumentar
Meaning
To increase or strengthen something.
Example
The company plans to augment its workforce.
La empresa planea aumentar su fuerza laboral.
B2 noun /ˈæl.oʊ ˈvɪər.ə/

Aloe Vera

aloe vera
Meaning
a succulent plant with thick fleshy leaves and medicinal properties; produces tubular flowers
Example
The aloe vera plant blooms with orange or yellow tubular flowers.
La planta de aloe vera florece con flores tubulares naranjas o amarillas.
C2 adjective /əˈkjuː.zəˌtɔːr.i/

accusatory

acusatorio
Meaning
Suggesting blame or indicating someone has done wrong.
Example
He gave her an accusatory glance.
Él le dio una mirada acusatoria.
B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

avances
Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.
Example
Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.
Los avances científicos mejoran la innovación global.
C2 verb /əˈvʌls/

avulse

arrancar
Meaning
to tear away or separate forcibly, especially in medical or geological contexts
Example
The surgeon had to avulse the damaged tissue during the operation.
El cirujano tuvo que arrancar el tejido dañado durante la operación.
C1 noun /əˈkuːstɪks/

acoustics

acústica
Meaning
the science of sound, or the properties of a space that affect how sound is heard
Example
The hall’s excellent acoustics made the orchestra sound rich and clear.
La excelente acústica del salón hizo que la orquesta sonara rica y clara.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

padecer una enfermedad
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
Ella ha estado enferma desde el invierno pasado.
B1 adjective /əˈfɔːdəbl/

affordable

asequible
Meaning
inexpensive and within one's financial means
Example
This restaurant offers affordable meals for families.
Este restaurante ofrece comidas asequibles para las familias.
C2 noun /ˈækmi/

acme

cima
Meaning
the highest point of achievement or excellence
Example
Winning the award was the acme of his career.
Ganar el premio fue la cima de su carrera.
C2 verb /əˈbrɪdʒ/

abridge

abreviar
Meaning
to shorten a text without losing its meaning
Example
The editor decided to abridge the long novel for young readers.
El editor decidió abreviar la larga novela para los jóvenes lectores.
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

abdicar
Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
El rey decidió abdicar del trono.
C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən

adulteration

adulteración
Meaning
The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
Example
Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.
La adulteración de alimentos es un serio riesgo para la salud.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

autumnal

otoñal
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of autumn; occurring in autumn
Example
The autumnal colors of red and gold filled the forest.
Los colores otoñales de rojo y oro llenaron el bosque.
C2 verb /əˈleɪ/

allay

aliviar
Meaning
to reduce the intensity of fear, worry, or pain; to calm
Example
The teacher tried to allay the students’ fears before the exam.
El maestro intentó aliviar los miedos de los estudiantes antes del examen.
C1 verb /əˈfɪks/

affix

adjuntar / pegar
Meaning
to attach or stick something firmly to another thing
Example
Please affix the stamp to the envelope.
Por favor, adjunte el sello al sobre.
B2 adverb /ˌæksɪˈdɛntəli/

accidentally

accidentalmente
Meaning
happening by chance or unexpectedly
Example
He accidentally dropped the glass.
Él dejó caer el vaso accidentalmente.
B2 verb /əˈlaɪn/

align

alinear / poner en línea recta
Meaning
To arrange things in a straight line; to adjust or bring into proper relation or agreement.
Example
The manager asked the team to align their goals with the company's mission.
El gerente le pidió al equipo que alineara sus objetivos con la misión de la empresa.
A2 noun /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

apartment

apartamento
Meaning
a set of rooms forming a residence within a building
Example
She rented an apartment in the city center.
Ella alquiló un apartamento en el centro de la ciudad.
B2 verb /əˈsɜːrt/

assert

afirmar
Meaning
to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully; to insist upon rights or claims
Example
She decided to assert her authority in the meeting.
ella decidió afirmar su autoridad en la reunión.
C2 adjective /ɑːrˈθʊr.i.ən/

arthurian

relacionado con Arthur
Meaning
Relating to the legendary King Arthur and the stories surrounding him.
Example
The novel is set in an Arthurian world of knights and castles.
La novela está ambientada en un mundo artúrico de caballeros y castillos.
B2 noun /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/

adaptability

adaptabilidad
Meaning
The quality of being able to adjust to new conditions or circumstances
Example
Adaptability to changing environments is crucial in business.
La adaptabilidad a los entornos cambiantes es crucial en los negocios.
C1 noun /əˈpɒsəl/

apostle

apóstol, defensor
Meaning
A vigorous and pioneering advocate or supporter of a particular cause, often used for the early Christian disciples.
Example
He became an apostle of environmental protection.
Él se convirtió en un apóstol de la protección del medio ambiente.
C2 noun /ˌænɪˈmɒmɪtər/

anemometer

anemómetro
Meaning
An instrument used to measure the speed and direction of wind.
Example
The scientist used an anemometer to record the wind speed during the storm.
El científico utilizó un anemómetro para registrar la velocidad del viento durante la tormenta.
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

abreviar
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
A menudo abreviamos 'Doctor' a 'Dr'.
B2 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/

anthropology

antropología
Meaning
the scientific study of humans, their societies, cultures, and development
Example
She decided to major in anthropology at university.
Decidió especializarse en antropología en la universidad.
C2 verb /əˈɡriːv/

aggrieve

agraviar
Meaning
to cause distress or make someone feel resentful
Example
She felt aggrieved by the unfair decision.
Ella se sintió agraviada por la decisión injusta.
C2 noun /ˌæriˈviːst/

arriviste

nueva riqueza
Meaning
A person who has recently gained wealth or status but is considered arrogant or socially unsophisticated.
Example
The business world is full of ambitious arrivistes.
El mundo de los negocios está lleno de arrivistas ambiciosos.
B2 adjective əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ

astonishing

asombroso
Meaning
Extremely surprising or impressive; amazing.
Example
The astonishing discovery changed the way we view the universe.
El asombroso descubrimiento cambió la forma en que vemos el universo.
B1 noun /eɪdz/

aids

sida
Meaning
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a disease of the immune system caused by HIV
Example
AIDS is a major global health concern.
El SIDA es una gran preocupación de salud mundial.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪkjʊlər/

auricular

relacionado con el oído
Meaning
Relating to the ear or hearing.
Example
The doctor used an auricular thermometer to check the patient's temperature.
El doctor usó un termómetro auricular para revisar la temperatura del paciente.
B2 adjective /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

Adjustable

ajustable; modificable; regulable;
Meaning
নিয়মযোগ্য; পরিবর্তন-সাধ্য; সমন্বয়যোগ্য;
Example
This chair has an adjustable height feature.
Esta silla tiene una altura ajustable.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.kər.ɪdʒ/

acreage

hectárea
Meaning
An area of land measured in acres.
Example
The farmer owns a large acreage of fertile land.
El agricultor posee una gran hectárea de tierra fértil.
C2 adjective /eɪˈsɛptɪk/

aseptic

libre de gérmenes
Meaning
Free from contamination caused by harmful microorganisms; sterile.
Example
Surgeons must work in an aseptic environment to prevent infection.
Los cirujanos deben trabajar en un ambiente aséptico para prevenir infecciones.
B1 noun ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)

architecture

arquitectura
Meaning
The art or science of designing and constructing buildings.
Example
Ancient architecture is fascinating.
La arquitectura antigua es fascinante.
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

aristocracia
Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
La aristocracia a menudo tenía influencia sobre las decisiones políticas.
B2 noun /eɪk/

Ache

dolor
Meaning
a continuous or prolonged dull pain in a part of one's body
Example
He had a terrible headache after working late.
Tuvo un terrible dolor de cabeza después de trabajar hasta tarde.
C2 noun (plural) /ˈɔːspɪsɪz/

auspices

auspicio
Meaning
Patronage, support, or guidance, often used in the phrase 'under the auspices of'.
Example
The conference was held under the auspices of the United Nations.
La conferencia fue celebrada bajo los auspicios de las Naciones Unidas.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

abstinencia, restricción
Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
Su médico le aconsejó abstinencia de alcohol para una mejor salud.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

autenticar
Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
El banco utiliza tecnología avanzada para autenticar las transacciones en línea.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmən/

alderman

miembro del consejo municipal
Meaning
An elected member of a municipal council in certain cities and towns.
Example
The alderman proposed a new plan for community parks.
El concejal propuso un nuevo plan para los parques comunitarios.
B1 verb /əˈrɛst/

arrest

detener
Meaning
to catch and hold by legal authority; to stop suddenly
Example
The police will arrest the suspect tomorrow.
La policía arrestará al sospechoso mañana.
C1 noun, adverb /ˈeɪliəs/

alias

alias
Meaning
A false or assumed identity; also used to mean 'otherwise called'.
Example
The criminal was known by the alias 'Shadow'.
El criminal era conocido por el alias 'Sombra'.
A1 adverb /əˈɡoʊ/

ago

hace
Meaning
Used to indicate how long before the present something happened.
Example
I met her two years ago.
La conocí hace dos años.
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

pegajoso
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
La cinta adhesiva se pegó firmemente a la pared.
C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

impulsado por algoritmos.
Meaning
Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.
Example
Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.
Los sistemas impulsados por algoritmos aumentan la precisión.
C1 noun /ˈæpərtʃər/

aperture

abertura / agujero
Meaning
an opening, hole, or gap, especially one that lets in light
Example
Light entered through the small aperture in the wall.
La luz entró a través de la pequeña abertura en la pared.
B2 noun /əˈtɜːrni/

attorney

abogado
Meaning
a person who practices law; a lawyer
Example
She hired an attorney to represent her in court.
Ella contrató un abogado para representarla en la corte.
A2 adjective /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

amazing

asombroso
Meaning
causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing
Example
The magician performed an amazing trick.
El mago realizó un truco asombroso.
C2 verb /ˈærəˌɡeɪt/

arrogate

apropiarse injustamente
Meaning
To claim or take something without justification.
Example
The dictator arrogated all powers to himself.
El dictador se apropió injustamente de todos los poderes para él mismo.
B1 adjective /ˈæk.jə.rət/

Accurate

exacto; correcto;
Meaning
correct, exact, and without any mistakes
Example
The weather forecast was completely accurate.
El pronóstico del tiempo fue completamente exacto.
B1 verb /əˈʃʊr/

assure

asegurar
Meaning
to make someone feel certain or confident about something
Example
He assured her that everything would be fine.
Él le aseguró que todo estaría bien.
C2 verb /əˈbʌt/

abut

colindar
Meaning
to be next to or share a border with
Example
The park abuts the river on the north side.
El parque colinda con el río en el lado norte.
A2 noun /ˈɛər.laɪn/

airline

aerolínea
Meaning
A company that provides regular flights for passengers and goods.
Example
The airline announced a discount on international tickets.
La aerolínea anunció un descuento en los boletos internacionales.
C2 noun /ˈeə.rəm/

Arum

arum
Meaning
a plant with large arrow-shaped leaves and a white spathe, also known as taro
Example
Arum leaves are commonly used in Bengali cuisine for cooking.
Las hojas de Arum se utilizan comúnmente en la cocina india para cocinar.
B2 noun ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənts

antioxidants

antioxidantes
Meaning
A substance that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage.
Example
Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants.
Las frutas y verduras son ricas en antioxidantes.
B2 adjective əˈstaʊn.dɪŋ

astounding

asombroso, sorprendente, impresionante
Meaning
Surprisingly impressive or notable; causing shock or surprise.
Example
The magician's astounding tricks left the audience speechless.
Los trucos asombrosos del mago dejaron al público sin palabras.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪlədʒi/

antilogy

antilogía
Meaning
A contradiction in terms or ideas; inconsistency in speech or writing.
Example
The politician's statement was criticized for its antilogy.
La declaración del político fue criticada por su antilogía.
C1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.moʊ.ni/

alimony

pensión alimenticia
Meaning
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse after separation or divorce
Example
He was ordered by the court to pay monthly alimony to his ex-wife.
El tribunal le ordenó pagar una pensión mensual a su exesposa.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

refrán
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
El viejo refrán dice que la honestidad es la mejor política.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en el aire
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
La cometa volaba alto en el cielo claro.
C1 noun /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

amplification

amplificación
Meaning
the act or process of making something stronger, louder, or more intense; an expansion or elaboration of details
Example
The microphone provides amplification of the speaker’s voice.
El micrófono proporciona amplificación de la voz del orador.
A1 verb /ˈænsər/

answer

contestar
Meaning
to respond to a question; to reply; to solve
Example
She will answer the phone when it rings.
Ella contestará el teléfono cuando suene.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

archbishop

arzobispo
Meaning
A senior bishop in charge of an archdiocese in the Christian Church.
Example
The archbishop delivered a sermon to thousands of people.
El arzobispo dio un sermón a miles de personas.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ˌɛr.i/

apiary

colmenar
Meaning
A place where beehives are kept, especially for commercial purposes.
Example
The farmer built a new apiary to produce organic honey.
El agricultor construyó un nuevo colmenar para producir miel orgánica.
B1 adjective /ˈæktʃuəl/

actual

real
Meaning
real and existing, not just imagined or supposed
Example
The actual cost was higher than expected.
El costo real fue más alto de lo esperado.
B2 adjective/verb /əˈprɒksɪmət/

approximate

aproximado
Meaning
close to the actual but not exact; to estimate or calculate roughly
Example
The cost is approximate and may change later.
El costo es aproximado y puede cambiar más tarde.
B2 noun ɔːˈtɒnəmi

autonomy

autonomía
Meaning
The right or condition of self-government; freedom from external control or influence.
Example
Autonomy was a primary demand.
La autonomía fue una demanda principal.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

payasada
Meaning
a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture
Example
The children laughed at the clown’s antics.
Los niños se rieron de las payasadas del payaso.
C2 noun /æbˈsɪʒən/

abscission

caída de hojas
Meaning
The natural detachment of parts of a plant, typically leaves or fruit.
Example
The autumn season is marked by the abscission of leaves from trees.
La temporada de otoño se caracteriza por la caída de hojas de los árboles.
C1 adjective /əˈbreɪsɪv/

abrasive

áspero, rugoso o capaz de desgastar por frotamiento
Meaning
harsh, rough, or capable of wearing down by rubbing
Example
His abrasive tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Su tono áspero hizo que todos se sintieran incómodos.
B1 verb /əˈpriːʃieɪt/

appreciate

Apreciar
Meaning
to recognize the value or significance of; to be grateful for
Example
I really appreciate your help with this project.
Realmente aprecio tu ayuda con este proyecto.
A2 verb /ˈædvərˌtaɪz/

advertise

anunciar
Meaning
to promote or publicize a product or service
Example
They advertise their products on television.
Ellos anuncian sus productos en la televisión.
B2 adjective /ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛktʃərəl/

architectural

arquitectónico
Meaning
relating to the design and style of buildings and structures
Example
The city is known for its beautiful architectural designs.
La ciudad es conocida por sus hermosos diseños arquitectónicos.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

pasión, entusiasmo
Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.
Ella habló con ardor sobre su nuevo proyecto.
B2 adjective /ˈæbsəluːt/

absolute

absoluto
Meaning
total, complete, or without restriction
Example
The dictator had absolute power over the nation.
El dictador tenía poder absoluto sobre la nación.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

alusió
Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
Su historia contenía una alusión a un mito famoso.
B2 adjective /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

alarming

alarmante
Meaning
Worrying or disturbing; causing concern or fear.
Example
The unemployment rate among youth is alarming.
La tasa de desempleo entre los jóvenes es alarmante.
C2 noun /ˌæs.əˈfet.ɪ.də/

Asafoetida

asafoétida
Meaning
a pungent spice derived from the resin of a plant, commonly used in Indian cooking
Example
A pinch of asafoetida adds a distinctive flavor to the lentil curry.
Una pizca de asafoétida añade un sabor distintivo al curry de lentejas.
C1 verb /ænˈtæɡənaɪz/

antagonize

antagonizar
Meaning
to cause someone to become hostile or angry; to provoke opposition
Example
His rude remarks only served to antagonize his colleagues.
Sus comentarios groseros solo sirvieron para antagonizar a sus colegas.
C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

absolucion
Meaning
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged
Example
The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.
La absolucion del acusado sorprendio al publico.
C1 adjective ˈɑː.dʒu.əs

arduous

arduo
Meaning
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
Example
The trek through the mountains was an arduous journey.
La caminata por las montañas fue un viaje arduo.
C2 noun, verb /ˈæseɪ/

assay

ensayo
Meaning
To test or analyze the quality, purity, or content of a substance; the act of such testing.
Example
The scientists assayed the mineral sample for gold content.
Los científicos analizaron la muestra mineral para el contenido de oro.
C2 verb /əˈdjuːs/

adduce

presentar evidencia o razones
Meaning
To provide evidence or reasons to support an argument or idea.
Example
The lawyer adduced several examples to support his case.
El abogado adujo varios ejemplos para respaldar su caso.
B1 adjective /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

associated

asociado
Meaning
connected or related to something or someone
Example
She is closely associated with environmental movements.
Ella está estrechamente asociada con los movimientos ambientales.
C2 noun /əˈfleɪtəs/

afflatus

inspiración divina
Meaning
a sudden divine inspiration or creative impulse
Example
The poet wrote the verses under a sudden afflatus of inspiration.
El poeta escribió los versos bajo una súbita inspiración divina.
B2 verb /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

aggravate

agravar
Meaning
To make a situation worse or more serious.
Example
Scratching the rash will only aggravate the condition.
Rascar la erupción solo agravará la condición.
C1 noun /ˈæftərˌθɔːt/

afterthought

un añadido
Meaning
Something added or considered later than originally planned.
Example
The gift seemed like an afterthought rather than a genuine gesture.
El regalo parecía un detalle de última hora más que un gesto genuino.