Vocabularies

English Vocabulary Dictionary | Word Meanings, Definitions & Examples

pristine definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈprɪstiːn/

In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.

"The hikers were amazed by the pristine beauty of the untouched forest."

privatization definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən/
民営化 (min'eika)

the process of transferring ownership of a business, industry, or service from the public sector to the private sector

"The privatization of the public transportation system has led to better efficiency."

"公共交通システムの民営化は、効率の向上をもたらしました。" (Kōkyō kōtsū shisutemu no min'eika wa, kōritsu no kōjō o motarashimashita.)
adjective C1
/ˈprɪvi/
秘密の知識 (himitsu no chishiki)

having access to secret or private knowledge

"She was privy to the confidential discussions."

"彼女は機密の議論に通じていました。" (Kanojo wa kimitsu no giron ni tsūjite imashita.)
proactive leadership definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/
プロアクティブリーダーシップ (puroakutibu rīdāshippu)

Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.

"Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions."

"プロアクティブリーダーシップは適時の意思決定を保証します。" (Puroakutibu rīdāshippu wa tekiji no ishi kettei o hoshō shimasu.)
proactive saving definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ
積極的貯蓄 (sekkyokuteki chochiku)

Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs

"Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age."

"プロアクティブセービングは老後の財政的安定を確保します。" (Puroakutibu sebingu wa rōgo no zaiseiteki antei o kakuho shimasu.)
probabilistic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk
確率に基づく (probabisutikku)

Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.

"The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions."

"モデルは予測のために確率的アプローチを採用しています。" (Moderu wa yosoku no tame ni kakuritsuteki apurōchi o saiō shiteimasu.)
noun C1
/ˈproʊbeɪt/
遺言検認 (yuigon kenshin)

the official proving of a will in a court of law

"The family had to go through probate after his death."

"家族は彼の死後、遺言検認の手続きを経なければならなかった。" (Kazoku wa kare no shigo, yuigon kenshin no tetsuzuki o he-nakereba naranakatta.)
probiotic definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk
有益な細菌 (yūeki na saikin)

Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

"Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion."

"ヨーグルトは消化を助けるプロバイオティクスの自然な供給源です。" (Yōguruto wa shōka o tasukeru purobaiotikusu no shizen na kyōkyūgen desu.)
probiotics definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/
プロバイオティクス (purobaiotikusu)

Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.

"Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health."

"プロバイオティクスは消化を改善し、腸の健康を促進します。" (Purobaiotikusu wa shouka wo kaizen shi, chou no kenkou wo sokushin shimasu.)
adjective C1
/prəˈsiːdʒərəl/
手続き的な (tetsudzukiteki na)

Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.

"The committee followed the procedural rules strictly."

"委員会は手続き的なルールを厳格に守った。" (Iinkai wa tetsudzukiteki na rūru o genkaku ni mamotta.)
proceeds definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈprəʊsiːdz/
収益 (shuueki)

money obtained from an event, activity, or sale

"The proceeds from the charity event were donated to the orphanage."

"チャリティイベントの収益は孤児院に寄付されました。" (Charity ibento no shuueki wa kojin ni kifu saremashita.)
process stability definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti
プロセスの安定性 (purosesu no anteisei)

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

"Cold air ensures process stability in plants."

"冷たい空気は植物のプロセスの安定性を確保します。" (Tsumetai kūki wa shokubutsu no purosesu no anteisei o kakuho shimasu.)
Proclamation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprɒkləˈmeɪʃən/
宣言 (sengen)

an official public announcement made by a person in authority

"The king issued a proclamation declaring the new law."

"王は新しい法律を発表する宣言を出した。" (Ō wa atarashī hōritsu o happyō suru sengen o dashita.)
procrastinate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

to delay doing something, often unnecessarily or habitually

"He tends to procrastinate instead of finishing his assignments on time."

procrastination definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
先延ばし (saki nobashi)

the act of delaying or postponing something

"Procrastination often leads to unnecessary stress before deadlines."

"先延ばしはしばしば締め切り前に不必要なストレスを引き起こします。" (Saki nobashi wa shibashiba shimekiri mae ni fuhitsuyō na sutoresu o hikiokoshimasu.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒk.tər/
試験監督者 (shiken kantokusha)

a person who supervises students during an examination

"The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off."

"試験監督者は学生に携帯電話を切るように注意しました。" (Shiken kantokusha wa gakusei ni keitai denwa o kiru yō ni chūi shimashita.)
verb C1
/prəˈkjʊər/
調達する (choutatsu suru)

to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty

"They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition."

"彼らは遠征のために十分な物資を調達することができました。" (Karera wa ensen no tame ni jūbun'na bussī o chōtatsu suru koto ga dekimashita.)
procurement definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˈkjʊə.mənt/
調達 (choutatsu)

the process of obtaining goods or services, often for business or government

"The company focuses on the efficient procurement of raw materials."

"会社は原材料の効率的な調達に集中しています。" (Kaisha wa genzairyou no kouritsuteki na choutatsu ni shuuchuu shiteimasu.)
verb C1
/prɒd/
突っつく (tsutsuku)

to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object

"She prodded him in the arm to get his attention."

"彼女は彼の腕を突いて注意を引こうとした。" (Kanojo wa kare no ude o tsuite chuui o hikou to shita.)
prodigal definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/ˈprɒdɪɡəl/
浪費家 (rōhika)

spending money or resources freely and recklessly; wastefully extravagant

"The prodigal son returned home after wasting his inheritance."

"浪費家の息子は、遺産を浪費した後、家に帰りました。" (Rōhika no musuko wa, isan o rōhi shita ato, ie ni kaerimashita.)
adjective C1
/prəˈdɪdʒəs/
驚異的 (kyouiteki)

remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree

"The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time."

"チームはプロジェクトを時間通りに完了するために驚異的な努力をしました。" (Chiimu wa purojekuto o jikan doori ni kanryou suru tame ni kyouiteki na doryoku o shimashita.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒdɪdʒi/
天才児 (tensaiji)

a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities

"Mozart was a child prodigy in music."

"モーツァルトは音楽の天才児でした。" (Mōtsaruto wa ongaku no tensaiji deshita.)
adjective C1
/prəˈfeɪn/
不敬な、冒涜的な (fukeina, bōtoku-teki na)

showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar

"His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony."

"彼のジョークは式典にはあまりにも不敬だと見なされました。" (kare no jōku wa shikiten ni wa amari ni mo fukei da to minasa remashita.)
profess definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈfes/
告白する (kokuhaku suru)

to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief

"He professes his love for classical music."

"彼はクラシック音楽への愛を告白する。" (Kare wa kurashikku ongaku e no ai o kokuhaku suru)
verb C1
/ˈprɒfər/
提供する、提示する (teikyō suru, teiji suru)

to offer something for acceptance; to present

"She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship."

"彼女は友情の印として手を差し出しました。" (Kanojo wa yūjō no shirushi toshite te o sashidashimashita.)
profitability definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti
収益性 (shuuekisei)

The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.

"Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability."

"販売の増加とコスト削減により収益性が向上しました。" (Hanbai no zouka to kosuto sakugen ni yori shuuekisei ga koujou shimashita.)
noun C1
/ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/
利益を不正に得る者 (rieki o fusei ni eru mono)

a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally

"The government punished war profiteers."

"政府は戦争の利益を不正に得る者を罰した。" (Seifu wa sensō no rieki o fusei ni eru mono o basshita.)
profound initiative definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv
深遠なイニシアティブ (shinen na inishiatibu)

A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.

"A profound initiative can create sustainable changes."

"深遠なイニシアティブは持続可能な変化を生み出すことができます。" (Shinen na inishiatibu wa jizoku kanō na henka o umidasu koto ga dekimasu.)
adjective C1
/prəˈfjuːs/
豊富な (hōfuna)

existing or given in large amounts; abundant

"He offered profuse thanks for their timely help."

"彼は時間通りに助けてくれたことに豊富な感謝を示しました。" (Kare wa jikan dōri ni tasukete kureta koto ni hōfuna kansha o shimeshimashita.)
progeny definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˈprɒdʒəni/
子孫 (shison)

A descendant or offspring; children or future generations.

"The scientist was proud of the intellectual achievements of his progeny."

"科学者は自分の子孫の知的業績に誇りを持っていました。" (Kagakusha wa jibun no shison no chiteki gyōseki ni hokori o motte imashita.)
noun C1
/prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/
予後 (yogo)

A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.

"The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery."

"医者は患者の回復に対してポジティブな予後を示した。" (Isha wa kanja no kaifuku ni taishite pojitibu na yogo wo shimeshita.)
prohibitive definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/
禁止するような高い (kinshi suru yō na takai)

Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.

"The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families."

"その薬の費用は多くの家族にとって高すぎる。" (Sono kusuri no hiyō wa ōku no kazoku ni totte takasugiru.)
noun C1
/prəˈdʒɛktaɪl/
発射体 (hasshatāi)

An object fired, thrown, or propelled, especially from a weapon.

"The soldier dodged the incoming projectile."

"兵士は飛んでくる発射体を避けました。" (Heishi wa tonde kuru hasshatāi o yoke mashita.)
noun, adjective C1
/ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/
プロレタリアン (puroretarian)

Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.

"The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles."

"その運動はプロレタリアンの闘争に根ざしていた。" (Sono undō wa puroretarian no tōsō ni nezashite ita.)
proliferate definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈlɪfəreɪt/
拡大する (kakudai suru)

To increase rapidly in number or spread quickly.

"Social media has allowed misinformation to proliferate."

"ソーシャルメディアは、誤った情報を急速に広めることを可能にしました。" (Sōsharu media wa, ayamatta jōhō o kyūsoku ni hiromeru koto o kanō ni shimashita.)
proliferation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃən/
急増、拡大 (kyuuzou, kakudai)

A rapid increase or spread of something, especially in number or amount.

"The proliferation of smartphones has changed the way we communicate."

"スマートフォンの急増が私たちのコミュニケーション方法を変えました。" (Sumātōfon no kyūzō ga watashitachi no komyunikeeshon hōhō o kaemashita.)
prolific definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
adjective C1
/prəˈlɪfɪk/
多産の (tasan no)

producing many works, results, or offspring; highly productive

"She is a prolific writer who publishes several books a year."

"彼女は毎年数冊の本を出版する多産な作家です。" (Kanojo wa mainen sū-satsu no hon o shuppan suru tasan na sakka desu.)
noun C1
/ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/
序章 (shoshou)

an introduction to a book, play, or event

"The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past."

"その小説は、過去に設定された短いプロローグで始まります。" (Sono shousetsu wa, kako ni settei sareta mijikai puroorogu de hajimarimasu.)
noun, verb C1
/ˌprɒməˈneɪd/
散歩 (sanpo)

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

"They went for a promenade along the seaside."

"彼らは海辺をプロムナードしていました。" (Karera wa umibe o promenade shite imashita.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒmɪnəns/
名声 (meisei)

The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.

"Her work gained prominence after the award."

"彼女の仕事は賞を受けた後、名声を得ました。" (Kanojo no shigoto wa shō o uketa ato, meisei o emashita.)
adjective C1
/prəˈmɪskjuəs/
放蕩 (houtou)

Having or showing a casual and unselective approach, often used to describe indiscriminate sexual relationships.

"The novel depicts a character with a promiscuous lifestyle."

"その小説は、放蕩的なライフスタイルを持つキャラクターを描いています。" (Sono shōsetsu wa, hōtō-teki na raifusutairu o motsu kyarakutā o egaitemasu.)
verb C1
/ˈpruːfˌriːd/
校正する (kousei suru)

to read written material and mark any errors

"She proofread the report before submission."

"彼女は提出前にレポートを校正した。" (Kanojo wa teishutsu mae ni repōto o kousei shita.)
verb C1
/ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.

"Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity."

propagation definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/
普及, 宣伝 (fukyuu, senden)

The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.

"The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid."

"ソーシャルメディアを通じてアイデアの普及が急速に進んでいます。" (Sōsharumedia o tōjite aidea no fukyū ga kyūsoku ni sundeimasu.)
propel definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
verb C1
/prəˈpɛl/
推進する (suishin suru)

To drive or push something forward.

"The engine propels the boat through the water."

"エンジンはボートを水中で推進します。" (Enjin wa bōto o suichū de suishin shimasu.)
noun C1
/prəˈpɛlənt/
推進剤 (suishinzai)

A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.

"The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space."

"ロケットは液体推進剤を使用して宇宙に打ち上げられます。" (Roketto wa ekitai suishinzai o shiyō shite uchū ni uchiageraremasu.)
noun C1
/prəˈpɛlər/
プロペラ (propeller)

A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.

"The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed."

"飛行機のプロペラは大きな速さで空気を切った。" (Hikōki no propeller wa ōkina hayasa de kūki o kitta.)
propensity definition card — visual illustration of the meaning
noun C1
/prəˈpɛnsəti/
傾向 (keikou)

a natural tendency or inclination to behave in a particular way

"She has a propensity to trust people too easily."

"彼女は人々をあまりにも簡単に信じる傾向がある。" (Kanojo wa hitobito o amari ni mo kantan ni shinjiru keikou ga aru.)
noun C1
/ˈprɒfəsi/
予言 (yogen)

a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired

"The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader."

"その予言は偉大な指導者の登場を予見していた。" (Sono yogen wa idaina shidōsha no tōjō o yoken shite ita.)
verb C1
/ˈprɒfəsaɪ/
予言する (yogen suru)

to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired

"The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land."

"その僧侶は平和がこの地に戻ると予言した。" (sono sou-ryo wa heiwa ga kono chi ni modoru to yogen shita.)