superintendence
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C2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndəns/

superintendence

aufsicht
Meaning
the act of overseeing, supervising, or managing
Example
The superintendence of the school is the principal’s duty.
Die Aufsicht der Schule ist die Pflicht des Direktors.
C2 noun ˈɛn.ɡræm

Engram

Physische Zeichen im Gehirn für die Speicherung und den Abruf von Erinnerungen
Meaning
Physical signs or patterns in the brain for memory storage and retrieval
Example
Scientists study engrams to understand how memories are stored.
Wissenschaftler studieren Engramme, um zu verstehen, wie Erinnerungen gespeichert werden.
C2 noun /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/

quicksilver

quecksilber
Meaning
Mercury; a liquid metal, or something that is quick and unpredictable.
Example
His mood was as changeable as quicksilver.
Seine Stimmung war so wechselhaft wie Quecksilber.
C2 noun /ɛˌspriː də ˈkɔːr/

esprit de corps

Kameradschaftsgeist
Meaning
A feeling of pride, fellowship, and loyalty shared by members of a group.
Example
The team's esprit de corps was evident in their cooperative effort.
Der Kameradschaftsgeist des Teams war in ihrem kooperativen Einsatz deutlich zu erkennen.
C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

der Punkt in der Umlaufbahn des Mondes oder eines Satelliten, der der Erde am nächsten ist
Meaning
the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth
Example
The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.
Der Mond erschien während seines Perigeums viel größer.
C2 noun /ˈsɪlvər kɑrp/

Silver carp

Silberkarpfen
Meaning
a large freshwater fish with silvery scales, commonly farmed for food
Example
Silver carp is widely cultivated in fish farms across Asia.
Der Silberkarpfen wird in Asien weit verbreitet in Fischfarmen gezüchtet.
C2 noun /θiˈɒkrəsi/

theocracy

Theokratie
Meaning
A system of government in which priests or religious leaders rule in the name of God or a deity.
Example
The country was governed as a theocracy where religious leaders had supreme authority.
Das Land wurde als Theokratie regiert, in der religiöse Führer die höchste Autorität hatten.
C2 verb /ˈmʌfəl/

muffle

dämpfen
Meaning
to make a sound quieter or less distinct; to cover or wrap something to reduce noise or warmth
Example
She tried to muffle her laughter with a scarf.
Sie versuchte, ihr Lachen mit einem Schal zu dämpfen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtræp/

entrap

fange
Meaning
To catch or trick someone into a difficult situation.
Example
The police tried to entrap the criminal with false evidence.
Die Polizei versuchte, den Kriminellen mit falschen Beweisen zu fangen.
C2 adjective /daɪˈɡrɛsɪv/

digressive

tendenz vom Hauptthema abzuweichen
Meaning
Tending to depart from the main subject in speech or writing.
Example
The speaker's digressive style made the lecture difficult to follow.
Der digressive Stil des Sprechers erschwerte das Verfolgen des Vortrags.
C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

reisen
Meaning
To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.
Example
The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.
Der Missionar reiste durch die Region, um die Botschaft zu verbreiten.
C2 adjective /əˈmɔːrfəs/

amorphous

amorph
Meaning
Lacking a clear shape or form; without a defined structure.
Example
The plan remained amorphous and lacked concrete details.
Der Plan blieb amorph und es fehlten konkrete Details.
C2 noun /dʒɛˌstɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

gesticulation

Gestikulation
Meaning
a gesture, especially a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or to emphasize speech
Example
His speech was full of passionate gesticulations.
Seine Rede war voller leidenschaftlicher Gestikulationen.
C2 noun /rɪˈfrɪndʒənsi/

refringency

Refringenz
Meaning
The ability of a substance to bend light; refractive power.
Example
Glass has a higher refringency than water.
Glas hat eine höhere Refringenz als Wasser.
C2 noun /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃə/

differentia

differenzierende Eigenschaft
Meaning
A distinguishing characteristic that sets one thing apart from another.
Example
The differentia of humans is their ability to reason abstractly.
Das differenzierende Merkmal der Menschen ist ihre Fähigkeit, abstrakt zu denken.
C2 noun /əbˈstrʌkʃənɪst/

obstructionist

Verhinderer
Meaning
a person who deliberately delays or prevents progress by being uncooperative or oppositional
Example
The obstructionist in the committee kept delaying the decision-making process.
Der Verhinderer im Ausschuss verzögerte weiterhin den Entscheidungsfindungsprozess.
C2 verb /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪt/

scintillate

funkeln
Meaning
to sparkle or shine brightly; to emit flashes of light
Example
The diamond ring scintillated under the bright lights.
Der Diamantring funkelte unter den hellen Lichtern.
C2 adjective /əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk/

anachronistic

anachronistisch
Meaning
belonging to a period other than that being portrayed; old-fashioned or outdated
Example
His views on gender roles are considered anachronistic.
Seine Ansichten über Geschlechterrollen gelten als anachronistisch.
C2 adjective /ˈreə.rɪ.faɪd/

rarefied

gehoben
Meaning
Of high moral, intellectual, or cultural value; distant from ordinary life.
Example
He works in the rarefied world of classical music.
Er arbeitet in der gehobenen Welt der klassischen Musik.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɛntaɪl/

gentile

Nicht-Jude
Meaning
A person who is not Jewish
Example
The synagogue welcomed both Jews and Gentiles.
Die Synagoge begrüßte sowohl Juden als auch Nicht-Juden.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trə.taɪp/

electrotype

Elektrotyp
Meaning
A duplicate printing plate made by electroplating a mold of the original.
Example
The printer used an electrotype to produce multiple copies of the page.
Der Drucker benutzte ein Elektrotyp, um mehrere Kopien der Seite zu erstellen.
C2 adjective /ˈbɑː.bər.əs/

Barbarous

barbarisch; grausam; wild
Meaning
extremely cruel; uncivilized; savage
Example
The barbarous treatment of prisoners was condemned by human rights organizations.
Die barbarische Behandlung von Gefangenen wurde von Menschenrechtsorganisationen verurteilt.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrətɑː̃/

contretemps

unerwarteter Konflikt
Meaning
an unexpected and unfortunate event or disagreement; a minor dispute
Example
There was a small contretemps between the two colleagues during the meeting.
Es gab einen kleinen Konflikt zwischen den beiden Kollegen während des Treffens.
C2 noun /ˈmæk.rəˌkɒz.əm/

macrocosm

Makrokosmos
Meaning
The whole universe considered as a large, complex system; a large-scale representation of something.
Example
The macrocosm of the universe reflects the microcosm of human life.
Der Makrokosmos des Universums spiegelt den Mikrokosmos des menschlichen Lebens wider.
C2 noun /ˈbɪlɪŋzˌɡeɪt/

billingsgate

grob oder missbräuchlich Sprache
Meaning
Coarse or abusive language; vulgar or offensive speech.
Example
The heated argument quickly descended into billingsgate.
Die hitzige Diskussion verwandelte sich schnell in grobe Sprache.
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

vorsehbar
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
Ihre rechtzeitige Rettung wurde als vorsehbar angesehen.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈluːʃən/

involution

Involution
Meaning
a complicated or intricate form or state; in biology, the shrinking of an organ after its function has finished
Example
The story was full of involution, making it hard to follow.
Die Geschichte war voller Involution, was es schwierig machte, ihr zu folgen.
C2 adjective /ˌhɪstriˈɒnɪk/

histrionic

übermäßig dramatisch
Meaning
Overly dramatic or theatrical in behavior or style.
Example
Her histrionic reaction to the small problem surprised everyone.
Ihre histrionische Reaktion auf das kleine Problem überraschte alle.
C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

Felsenbeschreibung
Meaning
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
Example
The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.
Der Wissenschaftler studierte den Petrographen, um die Felsenstruktur zu verstehen.
C2 verb /ˈstɪp.əl/

stipple

mit kleinen Punkten bedecken
Meaning
to cover a surface with numerous small dots or specks, often in drawing or painting
Example
The artist stippled the canvas to create a textured effect.
Der Künstler bedeckte die Leinwand mit kleinen Punkten, um einen strukturierten Effekt zu erzeugen.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

Irreverenz
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Seine Witze über Religion zeigten Irreverenz gegenüber den heiligen Traditionen.
C2 verb /kənˈdəʊl/

condole

Beileid ausdrücken
Meaning
To express sympathy for someone who is suffering or grieving.
Example
Neighbors came to condole with the family after the tragedy.
Die Nachbarn kamen, um der Familie nach der Tragödie Beileid auszudrücken.
C2 noun /aɪˈoʊtə/

iota

ein winziger Betrag
Meaning
An extremely small amount.
Example
He did not show an iota of fear.
Er zeigte keinen winzigen Anflug von Angst.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːr.kə.tri/

parquetry

die Kunst des Verlegens von Parkettböden
Meaning
The art or technique of laying parquet floors.
Example
The craftsman specialized in parquetry for luxury homes.
Der Handwerker spezialisierte sich auf Parkettverlegung für Luxuswohnungen.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪfɪdənt/

diffident

schüchtern
Meaning
Shy or lacking confidence in one's own abilities.
Example
He was too diffident to ask a question in class.
Er war zu schüchtern, um im Unterricht eine Frage zu stellen.
C2 adjective ˌmɔː.fəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

morphological

morphologisch
Meaning
Related to the structure and formation of words; concerning morphology in linguistics.
Example
Morphological analysis helps AI understand word structures.
Die morphologische Analyse hilft der KI, Wortstrukturen zu verstehen.
C2 adjective /æbˈhɔːr.ənt/

Abhorrent

abstoßend; widerlich
Meaning
extremely unpleasant and causing disgust; detestable
Example
The idea of animal cruelty is abhorrent to most people.
Die Idee von Tierquälerei ist abstoßend für die meisten Menschen.
C2 adjective /kwaɪˈesnt/

Quiescent

inaktiv; ruhig; still;
Meaning
quiet; peaceful; inactive; dormant; at rest
Example
The volcano has been quiescent for over a century.
Der Vulkan ist seit über einem Jahrhundert inaktiv.
C2 noun /ˈbuː.jɒ̃/

bouillon

Brühe
Meaning
A clear, seasoned broth made by simmering meat, fish, or vegetables in water.
Example
She added vegetables to the bouillon for extra flavor.
Sie fügte Gemüse zur Brühe hinzu, um mehr Geschmack zu erhalten.
C2 noun /dʒeɪp/

jape

Scherz, Spaß
Meaning
A practical joke or humorous remark.
Example
He enjoyed a harmless jape with his friends.
Er genoss einen harmlosen Scherz mit seinen Freunden.
C2 noun /neɪv/

nave

Hauptschiff der Kirche
Meaning
the central part of a church building intended to accommodate the congregation
Example
The choir sang beautifully in the church nave.
Der Chor sang wunderschön in der Kirche nave.
C2 noun /ˈpɔl.zi/

Palsy

Lähmung
Meaning
paralysis, especially that which is accompanied by involuntary tremors; loss of muscle control
Example
The elderly man suffered from palsy in his hands.
Der alte Mann litt an Lähmung in seinen Händen.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒs.ɪ.tɪd/

cosseted

verwöhnt
Meaning
pampered, treated with excessive care and attention
Example
The cosseted child always got what he wanted.
Das verwöhnte Kind bekam immer, was es wollte.
C2 noun /ˈæn.ə.lɪst/

annalist

Annalist
Meaning
A person who writes annals or records events year by year.
Example
The annalist carefully documented the events of the king's reign.
Der Annalist dokumentierte sorgfältig die Ereignisse der Herrschaft des Königs.
C2 noun /ˌfɑːsfəˈrɛsəns/

phosphorescence

fosforeszenz
Meaning
the property of emitting light without noticeable heat
Example
The deep-sea creatures displayed a beautiful phosphorescence.
Die Tiefseetiere zeigten eine wunderschöne Fosforeszenz.
C2 noun /ˈrɪɡməˌroʊl/

rigmarole

Streitereien
Meaning
a long, complicated, and confusing process or story
Example
Getting a visa was such a rigmarole of paperwork and interviews.
Ein Visum zu bekommen war ein einziges Durcheinander aus Papierkram und Interviews.
C2 verb /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪt/

variegate

variieren
Meaning
To diversify or mark with different colors or patterns.
Example
The artist used different shades to variegate the design.
Der Künstler benutzte verschiedene Schattierungen, um das Design zu variieren.
C2 verb /ˈdiːfælˌkeɪt/

defalcate

veruntreuen
Meaning
to misuse or embezzle money that one is responsible for
Example
The accountant was accused of defalcating company funds.
Der Buchhalter wurde beschuldigt, Unternehmensgelder zu veruntreuen.
C2 noun /mælˈfiːzəns/

malfeasance

Fehlverhalten eines Beamten
Meaning
Wrongdoing or misconduct, especially by a public official.
Example
The mayor was accused of malfeasance in office.
Der Bürgermeister wurde wegen Fehlverhaltens im Amt angeklagt.
C2 adjective /ˌtɔːtəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

tautological

tautologisch
Meaning
expressing something by repeating the same idea in different words; redundant
Example
Saying 'free gift' is considered tautological.
'Gratis Geschenk' zu sagen gilt als tautologisch.
C2 noun /məˈnɪʃən/

monition

Mahnung
Meaning
A warning or caution, often of a religious or moral nature.
Example
The priest gave a monition against dishonesty.
Der Priester gab eine Mahnung gegen Unehrlichkeit.
C2 noun /ˈlɪmərɪk/

limerick

ein humorvolles Gedicht aus fünf Zeilen
Meaning
a humorous five-line poem with a specific rhythm and rhyme scheme (AABBA).
Example
She recited a funny limerick at the party.
Sie trug ein lustiges Limerick auf der Party vor.
C2 noun/verb /ɡəˈfɔː/

guffaw

Lautes Lachen
Meaning
a loud and boisterous laugh
Example
The audience guffawed at the comedian’s joke.
Das Publikum lachte laut über den Witz des Komikers.
C2 noun /foʊˈtɑːmɪtri/

photometry

Lichtmesswissenschaft
Meaning
the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human eyes
Example
Photometry helps in designing efficient lighting systems.
Fotometrie hilft bei der Planung effizienter Beleuchtungssysteme.
C2 noun /ˈbuːbi/

booby

Dummkopf
Meaning
a foolish or gullible person; a silly individual
Example
He felt like a booby after making such a simple mistake.
Er fühlte sich wie ein Dummkopf nach so einem einfachen Fehler.
C2 noun /ˈfaɪər.brænd/

firebrand

Unrebeller
Meaning
a person who is passionate about a cause, often inciting change or action
Example
The activist was a true firebrand, inspiring everyone around him to join the protest.
Der Aktivist war ein wahrer Unrebeller, der alle um ihn herum inspirierte, sich dem Protest anzuschließen.
C2 adjective /ˈsæ.loʊ/

sallow

blassgelb
Meaning
Of an unhealthy yellow or pale brown color, often referring to skin.
Example
His sallow complexion made him look tired and sickly.
Sein blassgelbes Gesicht ließ ihn müde und krank aussehen.
C2 verb /slʌf/ or /sluː/

slough

Haut abwerfen / Sumpfgebiet
Meaning
To shed or cast off (like dead skin); also a swampy or muddy area.
Example
The snake sloughed off its old skin.
Die Schlange warf ihre alte Haut ab.
C2 verb /ˈsæŋktɪfaɪ/

sanctify

heiligen
Meaning
to make holy or sacred; to purify
Example
The priest will sanctify the marriage ceremony.
Der Priester wird die Hochzeitszeremonie heiligen.
C2 adverb /ˌfɔːrθˈwɪθ/

Forthwith

sofort; ohne Verzögerung; auf der Stelle
Meaning
immediately; without delay; at once
Example
The manager ordered the employee to stop the unsafe practice forthwith.
Der Manager befahl dem Mitarbeiter, die gefährliche Praxis sofort zu stoppen.
C2 noun /ˈhæk.ni ˈkær.ɪdʒ/

Hackney carriage

Taxi
Meaning
A taxi; a car licensed to carry passengers for hire
Example
I called a hackney carriage to get to the airport.
Ich rief ein Taxi, um zum Flughafen zu gelangen.
C2 noun /ˌpraɪmoʊˈdʒɛnɪtʃər/

primogeniture

Primogenitur
Meaning
The right of the firstborn child to inherit the family estate or title.
Example
Under primogeniture, the eldest son inherited the entire estate.
Unter der Primogenitur erbte der älteste Sohn das gesamte Anwesen.
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

Bestechlichkeit
Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
Der Skandal enthüllte die Bestechlichkeit mehrerer hochrangiger Beamter.
C2 noun /ˌnɒvəˈlɛt/

novellette

Novelle
Meaning
A short novel or long short story.
Example
The author published a novellette as a preview of her upcoming series.
Der Autor veröffentlichte eine Novelle als Vorschau auf ihre kommende Serie.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

inglorious

ehrenlos
Meaning
Causing shame or disgrace; not bringing honor or glory.
Example
The army suffered an inglorious defeat.
Die Armee erlitt eine ehrenlose Niederlage.
C2 verb /ˈɡræn.jʊ.leɪt/

granulate

granulieren
Meaning
To form or cause to form into grains or small particles.
Example
The sugar began to granulate as it cooled.
Der Zucker begann zu granulieren, als er abkühlte.
C2 verb /kwɒf/

quaff

aus einem großen Schluck trinken
Meaning
to drink something heartily or in large gulps, especially an alcoholic drink
Example
He quaffed a mug of ale after the long day.
Er trank eine Tasse Bier nach dem langen Tag.
C2 noun /ˈbroʊmiːn/

bromine

Brom
Meaning
a dark red, dense, toxic liquid element used in making dyes, flame retardants, and medications
Example
Bromine is commonly used in water treatment chemicals.
Brom wird häufig in Wasseraufbereitungsc hemikalien verwendet.
C2 noun /dɪˈstɛnʃən/

distention

Schwellung
Meaning
The state of being swollen due to internal pressure.
Example
The patient complained of abdominal pain and distention.
Der Patient klagte über Bauchschmerzen und Schwellung.
C2 noun /ˈmɪlk pɒt/

Milk-pot

Milchtopf
Meaning
a container specifically used for storing or serving milk
Example
She poured fresh milk from the milk-pot into her glass.
Sie goss frische Milch aus dem Milchtopf in ihr Glas.
C2 noun /ˈænti/

ante

Einsatz zu Beginn eines Spiels
Meaning
a stake put up by a player in poker or similar games before receiving cards; also used figuratively to mean an initial investment or contribution
Example
Each player placed an ante before the game began.
Jeder Spieler setzte ein Ante, bevor das Spiel begann.
C2 adjective ˌʌn.əˈseɪ.lə.bəl

unassailable

unangreifbar
Meaning
Unable to be attacked, questioned, or defeated.
Example
An unassailable position ensures dominance.
Eine unangreifbare Position gewährleistet Dominanz.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʊntə/

junta

militärjunta
Meaning
A military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force.
Example
The junta seized power after the coup.
Die Junta ergriff nach dem Putsch die Macht.
C2 verb /ˈmɔːndər/

maunder

sinnlos reden
Meaning
To speak or move aimlessly and incoherently.
Example
He maundered on about his old memories.
Er redete sinnlos über seine alten Erinnerungen.
C2 noun /pɪˈnɒlədʒi/

penology

Strafvollzugswissenschaft
Meaning
The study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
Example
He decided to specialize in penology to help improve the prison system.
Er entschloss sich, sich auf Strafvollzugswissenschaft zu spezialisieren, um das Gefängnissystem zu verbessern.
C2 noun /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/

divination

Wahrsagung
Meaning
the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means
Example
Ancient people often relied on divination to guide important decisions.
Frühere Völker vertrauten oft auf Wahrsagung, um wichtige Entscheidungen zu treffen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈtriːvəbl/

irretrievable

unwiederbringlich
Meaning
impossible to recover or regain
Example
The documents were lost in an irretrievable way after the fire.
Die Dokumente wurden nach dem Brand auf unwiederbringliche Weise verloren.
C2 noun /ˈaɪsinəs/

iciness

Kälte
Meaning
The state of being cold in manner or temperature.
Example
There was a distinct iciness in his voice.
Es war eine deutliche Kälte in seiner Stimme.
C2 verb /deɪn/

deign

seiner Würde zuwider handeln
Meaning
to do something considered beneath one's dignity
Example
The king did not deign to reply to the commoner.
Der König gönnte sich nicht, dem gemeinen Mann zu antworten.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɔːdi/

gaudy

prunkvoll
Meaning
excessively showy or flashy, often in a tasteless way
Example
She wore a gaudy necklace that clashed with her elegant dress.
Sie trug eine prunkvolle Halskette, die mit ihrem eleganten Kleid nicht zusammenpasste.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

Briefmarkensammler
Meaning
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
Example
The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.
Der Philatelist verbrachte Jahre damit, eine seltene Briefmarkensammlung aufzubauen.
C2 verb /ˈwɔːbəl/

warble

mit zitternder Stimme singen oder pfeifen
Meaning
To sing or whistle with a quavering voice or with trills.
Example
The bird warbled a sweet tune in the morning.
Der Vogel sang eine süße Melodie am Morgen.
C2 adjective /ˈstraɪ.eɪ.tɪd/

striated

gestreift
Meaning
marked with thin lines, grooves, or stripes
Example
The muscle fibers appeared striated under the microscope.
Die Muskelfasern erschienen unter dem Mikroskop gestreift.
C2 verb /ˈsʌbdʒʊˌɡeɪt/

subjugate

unterwerfen
Meaning
To bring under domination or control, especially by conquest.
Example
The empire sought to subjugate the neighboring kingdoms.
Das Imperium versuchte, die benachbarten Königreiche zu unterwerfen.
C2 noun /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndrɪæk/

hypochondriac

Hypochonder
Meaning
a person who is excessively worried about having a serious illness
Example
She is a hypochondriac who visits the doctor every week.
Sie ist ein Hypochonder, der jede Woche zum Arzt geht.
C2 noun /pəˈræm.bjə.leɪ.tər/

Perambulator

Kinderwagen
Meaning
a four-wheeled carriage for a baby; baby stroller or pram
Example
She pushed the perambulator through the park while the baby slept peacefully.
Sie schob den Perambulator durch den Park, während das Baby friedlich schlief.
C2 adjective /ˈbʌlbəs/

bulbous

knollig / rund
Meaning
Bulging, round, or swollen in shape; resembling a bulb.
Example
The frog had a bulbous nose and big eyes.
Der Frosch hatte eine knollige Nase und große Augen.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

Lehrer
Meaning
a teacher, especially a strict or formal one
Example
The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.
Der alte Pädagoge bestand auf Disziplin im Klassenzimmer.
C2 noun /praɪˈveɪʃən/

privation

Entbehrung, Mangel
Meaning
A state in which things essential for human well-being such as food and warmth are lacking.
Example
The refugees suffered great privation during the harsh winter.
Die Flüchtlinge litten unter großer Entbehrung während des harten Winters.
C2 noun mɒnəˈtɑːskɪŋ

monotasking

eine Aufgabe nach der anderen machen
Meaning
The practice of dedicating oneself to a given task and minimizing potential interruptions until the task is completed or a significant period of time has elapsed.
Example
Monotasking can often lead to higher quality work.
Monotasking führt oft zu qualitativ hochwertigerer Arbeit.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪk ə ˌbræk/

bric-a-brac

Dekorative Kleinigkeiten
Meaning
Small decorative objects or ornaments, often of little value.
Example
The shelves were filled with old bric-a-brac from her travels.
Die Regale waren mit alten dekorativen Kleinigkeiten aus ihren Reisen voll.
C2 noun /ˈmɪlɪt/

millet

hirse
Meaning
a small-seeded grass cultivated as a cereal crop
Example
Millet is often used as food in rural areas.
Hirse wird oft als Nahrung in ländlichen Gebieten verwendet.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

phytochemikalien
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Phytochemikalien im grünen Tee helfen, Entzündungen zu reduzieren.
C2 adjective /læŋk/

lank

groß und dünn
Meaning
Tall, thin, and often awkward in appearance.
Example
The lank teenager towered over his classmates.
Der große, dünne Teenager ragte über seine Klassenkameraden hinaus.
C2 noun /ˈnɪk.næk/

knickknack

Glück
Meaning
A small decorative object, especially in a house.
Example
The shelf was full of little knickknacks collected from their travels.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌɑːrki/

polyarchy

Polyarchie
Meaning
government by many people
Example
Polyarchy allows multiple parties to share power.
Polyarchie erlaubt es mehreren Parteien, die Macht zu teilen.
C2 verb /dɪˈskraɪ/

descry

erblicken
Meaning
to catch sight of something, especially something distant or obscure
Example
From the hilltop, they descried a small village in the distance.
Vom Hügel aus erspähten sie ein kleines Dorf in der Ferne.
C2 adjective /rɪˈfræktəri/

refractory

widerspenstig
Meaning
Stubborn or resistant to control, authority, or treatment.
Example
The refractory child refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
Das widerspenstige Kind weigerte sich, den Anweisungen des Lehrers zu folgen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈskɒns/

ensconce

sich niederlassen, verstecken
Meaning
to settle comfortably or securely in a place; to hide or shelter firmly
Example
She ensconced herself in a cozy armchair by the fireplace.
Sie setzte sich gemütlich in einen Sessel neben dem Kamin.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪb.ɪt/

Gibbet

Galgen
Meaning
a gallows for hanging criminals; an upright post with a projecting arm for hanging the bodies of criminals
Example
In medieval times, criminals were often executed on a gibbet as a public warning.
Im Mittelalter wurden Kriminelle oft an einem Galgen als öffentliche Warnung aufgehängt.
C2 adjective /ˈædɪˌpoʊs/

adipose

fettig
Meaning
Relating to or consisting of animal fat; fatty.
Example
The doctor explained that the tissue was mainly adipose in nature.
Der Arzt erklärte, dass das Gewebe hauptsächlich fettig war.
C2 noun /ˌhɜːrpəˈtɒlədʒɪst/

herpetologist

Herpetologe
Meaning
A scientist who studies reptiles and amphibians.
Example
The herpetologist discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
Der Herpetologe entdeckte eine neue Froschart im Regenwald.
C2 verb /ˈkɒd.l̩/

coddle

übermäßig verwöhnen
Meaning
to treat someone with excessive care or kindness, often in a way that is overprotective
Example
Parents should support their children without coddling them.
Eltern sollten ihre Kinder unterstützen, ohne sie zu verhätscheln.
C2 verb /ˌfɔːrˈrʌn/

forerun

vorangehen
Meaning
To go before; to precede in time, place, or action.
Example
Dark clouds often forerun a storm.
Dunkle Wolken gehen oft einem Sturm voraus.
C2 noun /ˈkuː.li/

Cooly

Kuli
Meaning
a laborer who does physical work for wages
Example
The cooly carried heavy bags at the railway station.
Der Kuli trug schwere Taschen am Bahnhof.
C2 verb /kənˈtjuːz/

contuse

prellen
Meaning
to bruise by striking or hitting
Example
He contused his arm when he fell off the bike.
Er kontuzierte seinen Arm, als er vom Fahrrad fiel.
C2 adverb /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbli/

indubitably

zweifellos
Meaning
Without a doubt; certainly.
Example
She is indubitably the best candidate for the job.
Sie ist zweifellos die beste Kandidatin für den Job.
C2 noun /nuːt/

Newt

molch
Meaning
a small amphibian with a long tail that lives both in water and on land
Example
The newt swam gracefully in the pond.
Der Molch schwamm anmutig im Teich.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɪstəns/

desistance

Desistenz
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing from some action or behavior.
Example
The court urged his desistance from further unlawful activities.
Das Gericht forderte ihn auf, von weiteren illegalen Aktivitäten Abstand zu nehmen.
C2 verb /ˈkæn.tər/

canter

langsamer Galopp
Meaning
To ride a horse at a controlled, easy pace between a trot and a gallop.
Example
She cantered her horse across the field with ease.
Sie kannter ihr Pferd über das Feld mit Leichtigkeit.
C2 noun /ɪˌledʒ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Illegibility

Unleserlichkeit
Meaning
the quality of being impossible or difficult to read; unclear writing or print
Example
The doctor's handwriting was famous for its illegibility among the pharmacy staff.
Die Handschrift des Arztes war berüchtigt für ihre Unleserlichkeit unter dem Apothekenpersonal.
C2 noun /oʊliˈændər/

Oleander

oleander
Meaning
a poisonous evergreen shrub with clusters of white, pink, or red flowers
Example
The beautiful oleander flowers bloomed in the garden despite their toxic nature.
Die schönen Oleanderblumen blühten im Garten, trotz ihrer giftigen Natur.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪər/

gyre

Strudel, kreisförmige Meeresströmung
Meaning
A circular or spiral motion or form, especially a giant circular oceanic surface current.
Example
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is trapped in a gyre.
Der große Müllstrudel im Pazifik ist in einem Strudel gefangen.
C2 noun /ˈfɔːrˌnɑːlɪdʒ/

foreknowledge

Vorauswissen
Meaning
Awareness of something before it happens or exists.
Example
The prophet claimed to have foreknowledge of the event.
Der Prophet behauptete, das Vorauswissen über das Ereignis zu haben.
C2 noun /ˈkɑr.mɪn/

Carmine

Karmin
Meaning
a vivid crimson color; a red pigment obtained from cochineal
Example
The artist mixed carmine with white to create a beautiful pink shade.
Der Künstler mischte Karmin mit Weiß, um einen schönen Rosaton zu kreieren.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪnjuːi/

sinewy

muskulös und stark
Meaning
Lean and muscular; strong and tough.
Example
The athlete had a sinewy build that showed his strength.
Der Athlet hatte einen muskulösen Körperbau, der seine Stärke zeigte.
C2 verb /kəˈmɪz.ə.reɪt/

commiserate

Mitgefühl oder Mitleid für das Unglück eines anderen ausdrücken
Meaning
To express sympathy or compassion for someone's misfortune.
Example
She called her friend to commiserate after his loss.
Sie rief ihren Freund an, um nach seinem Verlust Mitgefühl zu zeigen.
C2 verb /ˈærəˌɡeɪt/

arrogate

unrechtmäßig beanspruchen
Meaning
To claim or take something without justification.
Example
The dictator arrogated all powers to himself.
Der Diktator beanspruchte unrechtmäßig alle Macht für sich.
C2 noun /laʊt/

lout

Grobian
Meaning
An uncouth or aggressive man or boy.
Example
The drunken lout caused a scene at the party.
Der betrunkene Grobian hat auf der Party einen Skandal gemacht.
C2 noun /ˌæŋɡləˈfoʊbiə/

anglophobia

Anglophobie
Meaning
Dislike or fear of England, English people, or English culture.
Example
The politician was accused of promoting Anglophobia in his speeches.
Der Politiker wurde beschuldigt, in seinen Reden Anglophobie zu fördern.
C2 noun /ˈændaɪərn/

andiron

Metallhalter für Holz
Meaning
a metal support used in a fireplace to hold logs
Example
The logs rested on the andirons in the old fireplace.
Die Holzscheite ruhten auf den Andirons im alten Kamin.