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B2 noun ˈsʌbstɪˌtut

substitute

Ersatz
Meaning
A person or thing acting or serving in place of another.
Example
Money cannot be a substitute for genuine happiness.
Geld kann kein Ersatz für echtes Glück sein.
A2 noun /ˈstreɪndʒər/

Stranger

Fremder
Meaning
a person whom one does not know or with whom one is not familiar
Example
Never take candy from a stranger.
Nimm niemals Süßigkeiten von einem Fremden.
B2 noun /ˈsɑːrˌkæzəm/

sarcasm

sarkasmus
Meaning
The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
Example
His sarcasm often made people laugh but sometimes offended them.
Sein Sarkasmus ließ die Leute oft lachen, aber manchmal beleidigte er sie.
B1 noun /səˈpɔːtər/

supporter

Unterstützer
Meaning
a person who supports someone or something
Example
She is a strong supporter of the local animal shelter.
Sie ist eine starke Unterstützerin des lokalen Tierheims.
B2 noun /sfɪər/

sphere

Kugel
Meaning
a round, three-dimensional shape that is perfectly symmetrical around its center; an area of activity or knowledge
Example
The Earth is almost a perfect sphere.
Die Erde ist fast eine perfekte Kugel.
C2 verb /ˈsnʌfəl/

snuffle

laut durch die Nase atmen
Meaning
to breathe noisily through the nose, often because of crying or a cold
Example
The child began to snuffle after crying for a long time.
Das Kind begann zu schnüffeln, nachdem es lange geweint hatte.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

Hausbesetzer
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
Die Polizei entfernte die Hausbesetzer aus dem verlassenen Haus.
B2 noun/verb /ˈslɔː.tər/

slaughter

Schlachtung / Massenmord
Meaning
the killing of animals for food; killing in large numbers violently
Example
The army slaughtered hundreds of enemy soldiers.
Die Armee schlachtete Hunderte von feindlichen Soldaten.
C2 adjective /ˌseɪpiˈɛnʃəl/

sapiential

weisenhaft
Meaning
Relating to wisdom or knowledge, often in a religious or philosophical sense.
Example
The monk shared sapiential teachings with his students.
Der Mönch teilte weisenhafte Lehren mit seinen Studenten.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

Glück
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
A2 noun səˈsaɪəti

society

gesellschaft
Meaning
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community.
Example
Society plays a pivotal role in shaping an individual's values.
Die Gesellschaft spielt eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bildung der Werte eines Individuums.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

Spekulant
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Der Immobilien-Spekulant kaufte Land in der Hoffnung, dass sein Wert steigen würde.
B2 noun /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nɑːr/

seminar

Seminar
Meaning
A meeting for discussion or training, especially in an academic setting.
Example
The professor invited all students to attend the seminar on climate change.
Der Professor lud alle Studenten ein, am Seminar über den Klimawandel teilzunehmen.
C1 adjective /ˈsɒnɪk/

sonic

sonisch
Meaning
Relating to or involving sound waves or speed of sound.
Example
The jet created a loud boom when it broke the sonic barrier.
Das Flugzeug erzeugte ein lautes Geräusch, als es die Schallmauer durchbrach.
B2 verb /səˈsteɪn/

sustain

erhalten
Meaning
To support, maintain, or keep something going over time.
Example
The team worked hard to sustain their success.
Das Team hat hart gearbeitet, um seinen Erfolg zu erhalten.
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

Nahrung oder Unterstützung
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
Wasser ist für das menschliche Überleben unerlässlich.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

Täuschung
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
Der Deal stellte sich als Täuschung heraus.
B2 noun /sɛnˈseɪʃən/

Sensation

Sensation; Aufregung; Aufruhr; Interesse
Meaning
a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body; a widespread reaction of interest and excitement
Example
The new singer became an overnight sensation.
Der neue Sänger wurde über Nacht zu einer Sensation.
B2 adjective /ˈspɪr.ɪ.tʃu.əl/

Spiritual

spirituell; religiös; heilig
Meaning
relating to the human spirit or soul; religious or sacred
Example
She found spiritual peace through meditation.
Sie fand spirituelle Ruhe durch Meditation.
C1 verb /ˈʃʌdər/

shudder

zittern
Meaning
to tremble or shake suddenly, often due to fear, cold, or strong emotion
Example
She shuddered at the thought of walking alone in the dark forest.
Sie schauderte bei dem Gedanken, allein im dunklen Wald zu gehen.
B1 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪd/

selected

ausgewählt
Meaning
carefully chosen from a group for a particular purpose
Example
He was one of the selected candidates for the scholarship.
Er war einer der ausgewählten Kandidaten für das Stipendium.
A2 noun ˈsɜːrvɪs

service

Dienst
Meaning
An act of helping or doing work for someone.
Example
True education promotes the value of service to others.
Wahre Bildung fördert den Wert des Dienstes für andere.
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

sedieren
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
Die Krankenschwester sedierte den Patienten vor der Operation.
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

oberflächliches Wissen
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
Er hat ein oberflächliches Wissen über Spanisch.
C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

Somnolenz
Meaning
A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.
Example
The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.
Die Somnolenz nach einer schweren Mahlzeit machte es schwierig, sich zu konzentrieren.
B2 verb, noun /stæb/

stab

erstechen
Meaning
to pierce or wound with a pointed weapon or object
Example
He was stabbed in the back during the altercation.
Er wurde während des Streits in den Rücken gestochen.
C2 adjective /ˈsæ.loʊ/

sallow

blassgelb
Meaning
Of an unhealthy yellow or pale brown color, often referring to skin.
Example
His sallow complexion made him look tired and sickly.
Sein blassgelbes Gesicht ließ ihn müde und krank aussehen.
A2 noun /ˈswɛtər/

sweater

Pullover
Meaning
a warm knitted piece of clothing worn on the upper body
Example
She wore a red sweater to keep warm in the cold weather.
Sie trug einen roten Pullover, um sich bei kaltem Wetter warm zu halten.
A2 noun /sɒks/

Socks

Socken
Meaning
soft coverings for the feet, typically worn inside shoes
Example
I need to buy new socks for winter.
Ich muss neue Socken für den Winter kaufen.
B1 adjective /ˈsʌm.wʌt/

Somewhat

etwas; ein bisschen; mäßig
Meaning
to some extent; rather; moderately
Example
The movie was somewhat interesting but not great.
Der Film war etwas interessant, aber nicht großartig.
C2 adjective, noun /səbˈmɜːrsəbl/

submersible

tauchbar
Meaning
capable of being submerged; a small underwater craft
Example
The scientists explored the deep ocean using a submersible.
Die Wissenschaftler erforschten den tiefen Ozean mit einem Tauchfahrzeug.
C2 noun /ˈsɜːfdəm/

serfdom

Leibeigenschaft
Meaning
The status or condition of being a serf, bound to work for a lord.
Example
Many peasants in medieval Europe lived under serfdom.
Viele Bauern im mittelalterlichen Europa lebten in der Leibeigenschaft.
B2 verb /səˈspɛnd/

suspend

aussetzen
Meaning
To temporarily stop something from being active or valid.
Example
The company decided to suspend his membership.
Das Unternehmen entschied sich, seine Mitgliedschaft auszusetzen.
B2 noun /spaɪt/

spite

Groll
Meaning
a desire to hurt, annoy, or offend someone
Example
She refused the gift out of spite.
Sie lehnte das Geschenk aus Groll ab.
A1 noun /sɔːŋ/

song

Lied
Meaning
a short piece of music with words that are sung
Example
She sang a beautiful song at the concert.
Sie sang ein schönes Lied beim Konzert.
A2 verb /skiː/

ski

skifahren
Meaning
to glide over snow on skis
Example
We went skiing in the Alps last winter.
Wir sind letzten Winter in den Alpen Ski gefahren.
A2 noun /sɛlf/

self

Selbst
Meaning
a person's essential being that distinguishes them from others, especially considered as the object of introspection or reflexive action
Example
She has a strong sense of self.
Sie hat ein starkes Selbstbewusstsein.
B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

überwachen
Meaning
to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly
Example
The teacher supervises students during the exam.
Der Lehrer überwacht die Schüler während der Prüfung.
B1 noun /saɪt/

site

Standort
Meaning
a location or place, often used for a specific purpose, such as a construction site or a website
Example
The construction site is ready for the next phase of the project.
Die Baustelle ist bereit für die nächste Phase des Projekts.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

Abgeschiedenheit
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Sie verbrachte das Wochenende in völliger Abgeschiedenheit in ihrer Hütte.
A1 verb /seɪ/

say

sagen
Meaning
to speak words; to express something in words
Example
She said hello to me.
Sie sagte Hallo zu mir.
B2 noun ˈskruːtɪni

scrutiny

gründliche Untersuchung
Meaning
Critical observation or examination
Example
The new law is under scrutiny by the legislative body.
Das neue Gesetz steht unter gründlicher Untersuchung durch das Gesetzgebungsorgan.
C2 adjective /ˌsuː.pɚˈsɪl.i.əs/

supercilious

arrogant
Meaning
Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others; arrogant and disdainful.
Example
She gave him a supercilious smile as if he was beneath her.
Sie schenkte ihm ein arrogantes Lächeln, als ob er unter ihr stand.
B2 verb /swaɪp/

swipe

wischen
Meaning
to move your finger across a touch screen or to hit with a sweeping motion
Example
He swiped left on the photo.
Er swiped nach links auf dem Foto.
B2 noun /spæn/

span

Spannweite
Meaning
the full extent or length of something from one end to another
Example
The bridge has a span of over 500 meters.
Die Brücke hat eine Spannweite von mehr als 500 Metern.
B1 adjective /ˈsɒlɪd/

solid

fest
Meaning
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid
Example
The ground was solid underfoot.
Der Boden war fest unter den Füßen.
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.vɪŋz/

savings

Ersparnisse
Meaning
Money that is saved, especially in a bank or official scheme for future use.
Example
Many people invest their savings in real estate.
Viele Menschen investieren ihre Ersparnisse in Immobilien.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

klein in Größe oder Menge; unzureichend; kaum ausreichend
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
Das Flüchtlingslager hatte spärliche Lebensmittelvorräte.
B2 noun /ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti/

sexuality

Sexualität
Meaning
a person's capacity for sexual feelings and orientation
Example
She spoke openly about her sexuality and identity.
Sie sprach offen über ihre Sexualität und Identität.
A2 noun ˈsaɪən.tɪst

scientist

Wissenschaftler
Meaning
A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
Example
The scientist proposed data-driven reforms.
Der Wissenschaftler schlug datengestützte Reformen vor.
C2 verb /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪt/

scintillate

funkeln
Meaning
to sparkle or shine brightly; to emit flashes of light
Example
The diamond ring scintillated under the bright lights.
Der Diamantring funkelte unter den hellen Lichtern.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn/

shopworn

abgenutzt / alt
Meaning
worn or faded from being displayed in a shop; no longer fresh or original
Example
The shopworn shoes were sold at a discount.
Die shopworn Schuhe wurden mit Rabatt verkauft.
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

spontan
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
Kinder lernen spontan durch Interaktionen mit Gleichaltrigen.
A1 noun /sɪks/

six

sechs
Meaning
the number 6
Example
There are six apples on the table.
Es gibt sechs Äpfel auf dem Tisch.
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

schmieren / verleumden
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
Das Kind hat Farbe an die Wand geschmiert.
C2 noun /sneɪk ɡɔːrd/

Snake gourd

Schlangenkürbis
Meaning
a long, curved vegetable that resembles a snake, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
The snake gourd grows in a twisted, serpentine shape in the garden.
Der Schlangenkürbis wächst in einer verdrehten, schlangenähnlichen Form im Garten.
B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.fəl/

Shameful

beschämend; ehrlos; peinlich
Meaning
causing shame; disgraceful; embarrassing
Example
His shameful behavior embarrassed the entire family.
Sein beschämendes Verhalten beschämte die ganze Familie.
A2 noun /ˈsuːt.keɪs/

suitcase

Koffer
Meaning
A portable rectangular container for carrying clothes and personal items when traveling
Example
She packed her clothes into a suitcase for the trip.
Sie packte ihre Kleidung in einen Koffer für die Reise.
C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

Sierra Club
Meaning
An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.
Example
John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.
John Muir gründete den Sierra Club 1892, um wilde Gebiete zu schützen.
B2 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/

superficial

oberflächlich
Meaning
Existing or occurring at or on the surface; not thorough or deep.
Example
His understanding of the subject was rather superficial.
Sein Verständnis des Themas war ziemlich oberflächlich.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

Zusammenfassung
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
Der Verlag bat den Autor, eine einseitige Zusammenfassung des Romans einzureichen.
C2 noun /ˈskɪnˌflɪnt/

skinflint

Geizkragen
Meaning
a person who spends as little money as possible; a miser
Example
The landlord was such a skinflint that he never repaired anything.
Der Vermieter war so ein Geizkragen, dass er nie etwas reparierte.
C2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndəns/

superintendence

aufsicht
Meaning
the act of overseeing, supervising, or managing
Example
The superintendence of the school is the principal’s duty.
Die Aufsicht der Schule ist die Pflicht des Direktors.
B2 adjective /ˈstæt.ɪk/

static

statisch
Meaning
Lacking in movement, action, or change; stationary.
Example
Static ideas hinder progress.
Statische Ideen behindern den Fortschritt.
B1 adjective /ˈsensəbəl/

Sensible

vernünftig; sinnig; praktisch
Meaning
having or showing good sense; practical and reasonable
Example
It would be sensible to take an umbrella because it might rain.
Es wäre vernünftig, einen Regenschirm mitzunehmen, da es regnen könnte.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

Scroll-Sucht
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
Scroll-Sucht ist eine wachsende Besorgnis unter Smartphone-Nutzern.
C2 noun /spjuːm/

spume

Schaum
Meaning
Froth or foam, especially found on waves or liquids.
Example
The waves crashed against the rocks, leaving spume in the air.
Die Wellen krachten gegen die Felsen und hinterließen Schaum in der Luft.
C2 noun /ˈsɪbɪləns/

sibilance

zischender Klang
Meaning
A hissing or hushing sound, especially in speech with 's' or 'sh'.
Example
The poet used sibilance to create a soft, hissing effect in the verse.
Der Dichter benutzte Sibilanz, um einen sanften, zischenden Effekt im Vers zu erzeugen.
B2 adjective /stɑːrk/

stark

stark, scharf
Meaning
Severe, sharp, or clearly defined; plain and without any decoration.
Example
The stark contrast between poverty and wealth was evident in the city.
Der starke Kontrast zwischen Armut und Reichtum war in der Stadt offensichtlich.
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

Summe, Zusammenfassung
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
Der Anwalt gab eine kraftvolle Zusammenfassung des Falls.
C2 noun /ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪkrəm/

simulacrum

Simulakrum
Meaning
an image or representation of someone or something; a superficial likeness
Example
The statue was only a simulacrum of the ancient god.
Die Statue war nur ein Simulakrum des alten Gottes.
B2 noun /ˈsɒr.oʊ/

Sorrow

Traurigkeit; Kummer;
Meaning
a feeling of deep distress caused by loss or disappointment
Example
His heart was filled with sorrow after the tragedy.
Sein Herz war nach der Tragödie mit Traurigkeit erfüllt.
C1 noun /spæt/

spat

kleiner Streit
Meaning
a short, petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.
Sie hatten einen kurzen Streit darüber, wer das Geschirr spülen sollte.
A2 adjective /sər'praɪz.ɪŋ/

Surprising

überraschend; erstaunlich
Meaning
causing surprise; unexpected; remarkable
Example
It's surprising how quickly children learn new languages.
Es ist überraschend, wie schnell Kinder neue Sprachen lernen.
B2 noun /ˈsiː.krə.si/

Secrecy

Geheimhaltung
Meaning
the practice of keeping something secret; the state of being kept hidden
Example
The project was conducted in complete secrecy.
Das Projekt wurde in völliger Geheimhaltung durchgeführt.
B2 adjective /ˈstʌf.i/

Stuffy

mangel an frischer Luft; schlecht belüftet; formell und konservativ in der Haltung
Meaning
lacking fresh air; poorly ventilated; formal and conservative in attitude
Example
The room was stuffy and needed fresh air.
Der Raum war stickig und brauchte frische Luft.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

nachgeben
Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
Schließlich erlag er seiner Krankheit nach einem langen Kampf.
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

Steppe
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
Die Nomaden reisten mit ihren Herden durch die weite Steppe.
C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

Nüchternheit
Meaning
the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness
Example
He has maintained his sobriety for five years.
Er hat seine Nüchternheit fünf Jahre lang aufrechterhalten.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈsɪŋɡjələr/

singular

außergewöhnlich / Singular
Meaning
Remarkable, extraordinary; or grammatical form referring to one person or thing.
Example
She has a singular talent for painting.
Sie hat ein außergewöhnliches Talent für Malerei.
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

schnell laufen
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
Die Mäuse rannten schnell über den Küchenboden, als die Lichter angingen.
B2 adjective səˈfɪs.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd

sophisticated

raffiniert
Meaning
Having great knowledge or experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture, and other things that people think are socially important; highly developed or complex.
Example
Sophisticated designs enhance aesthetics.
Raffinierte Designs verbessern die Ästhetik.
C2 adjective /ˌstætʃuˈɛsk/

statuesque

statuesk
Meaning
Having the grace, beauty, or dignity of a statue; tall and attractively proportioned.
Example
She had a statuesque figure that turned heads wherever she went.
Sie hatte eine statueske Figur, die überall Köpfe drehte, wohin sie auch ging.
B2 verb /ˈʃɔːrtn/

shorten

verkürzen
Meaning
To make something shorter in length, duration, or extent
Example
She decided to shorten her speech to fit the time limit.
Sie entschied sich, ihre Rede zu verkürzen, um die Zeitbegrenzung einzuhalten.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

schlecht gemacht
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
Der Auftragnehmer hat bei den Reparaturen einen schlechten Job gemacht.
B2 noun /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/

Solidarity

solidarität
Meaning
unity or agreement of feeling or action among individuals with a common interest
Example
The workers showed solidarity during the strike.
die arbeiter zeigten solidarität während des streiks.
C1 verb /ˈskʌt.əl/

scuttle

Glück
Meaning
To run hurriedly with short, quick steps; or to deliberately sink a ship.
Example
The children scuttled back to their seats when the teacher entered.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
B2 verb /stɪtʃ/

stitch

Glück
Meaning
to sew with needle and thread; to join pieces of fabric
Example
She will stitch the torn dress carefully.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
A1 noun /striːt/

street

Straße
Meaning
a public road in a city or town, typically with buildings on one or both sides
Example
He walked down the street to the park.
Er ging die Straße zum Park entlang.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/

Straight forward

ehrlich und klar; nicht kompliziert; leicht zu verstehen
Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
Seine Erklärung war sehr einfach und leicht zu folgen.
B2 verb /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/

symbolize

symbolisieren
Meaning
to represent or stand for something else
Example
The dove symbolizes peace across cultures.
Die Taube symbolisiert Frieden über Kulturen hinweg.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

zweitrangig
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
Der Film war unterhaltsam, aber im Vergleich zum Original eindeutig zweitklassig.
A2 noun /stoʊn/

stone

Stein
Meaning
a hard, naturally occurring mineral material found in the earth
Example
He threw a stone into the lake.
Er warf einen Stein in den See.
B2 noun /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.ɪ.zəm/

socialism

sozialismus
Meaning
An economic system where the means of production are owned by the state or community.
Example
In socialism, resources are distributed equally among citizens.
Im Sozialismus werden Ressourcen gleichmäßig unter den Bürgern verteilt.
A2 verb /ʃʌt/

shut

schließen
Meaning
to close something, especially a door or window
Example
Please shut the door before you leave.
Bitte schließen Sie die Tür, bevor Sie gehen.
C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

Faulheit; Widerwille, zu arbeiten oder Anstrengung zu unternehmen
Meaning
laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort
Example
His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.
Seine Faulheit verhinderte, dass er seine Ziele erreichte.
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

Fleck, Schmutzmarke
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
Sie hat versehentlich ihren Lippenstift auf der Serviette verschmiert.
C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæd/

superadd

hinzuzufügen
Meaning
to add something to what has already been added
Example
The author chose to superadd a new chapter to the revised edition.
Der Autor entschied sich, ein neues Kapitel zur überarbeiteten Ausgabe hinzuzufügen.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

schimmern
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
Der See schimmerte im Mondlicht.
B2 noun /səˈspɛnʃən/

suspension

Sperre
Meaning
The act of temporarily stopping something; also refers to a system in vehicles that absorbs shock.
Example
The player received a three-game suspension for misconduct.
Der Spieler erhielt eine dreispielige Sperre wegen Fehlverhaltens.
A2 preposition /sɪns/

since

seit
Meaning
from a particular time in the past until now
Example
I have known her since childhood.
Ich kenne sie seit meiner Kindheit.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

über etwas Unbedeutendes laut streiten
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Die Kinder stritten sich um das letzte Stück Kuchen.
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

umfahren
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
Der Zug wurde auf ein anderes Gleis umgeleitet.
C2 noun /sɜːrˈsiːs/

surcease

Beendigung
Meaning
a temporary or final ending or stopping of something
Example
The noise finally came to a surcease after midnight.
Der Lärm kam schließlich nach Mitternacht zu einer Beendigung.
C2 verb /ˈstjuːpɪˌfaɪ/

stupefy

verblüffen
Meaning
to make someone unable to think clearly, usually because of surprise or shock
Example
The magician's tricks stupefied the audience.
Die Tricks des Magiers haben das Publikum verblüfft.
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

Unterdrückung
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
Die Unterdrückung der freien Meinungsäußerung führte zu Protesten.
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

keimen
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
Die Samen begannen nach ein paar Tagen Regen zu sprießen.
B2 verb, noun /ʃeɪv/

shave

rasieren
Meaning
To remove hair from the body, typically using a razor; the act of removing hair
Example
He likes to shave every morning before work.
Er rasiert sich gerne jeden Morgen vor der Arbeit.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

Sägemehl
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
Der Boden war mit Sägemehl vom Tischlerarbeiten bedeckt.
B1 adjective /ʃɛrd/

shared

geteilt
Meaning
used, done, or experienced by two or more people together
Example
They live in a shared apartment near the university.
Sie wohnen in einer gemeinsamen Wohnung in der Nähe der Universität.
C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

alte Jungfer
Meaning
An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry
Example
The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.
Der Roman zeigte eine gutherzige alte Jungfer, die sich um die Kinder des Dorfes kümmerte.
B2 adjective ˈskɒl.ə.li

scholarly

gelehrt
Meaning
Having or showing great knowledge or learning; academic in approach or method.
Example
He wrote a scholarly article on ancient philosophy.
Er schrieb einen gelehrten Artikel über die antike Philosophie.
A2 noun /ʃer/

Share

Teil
Meaning
a portion of something; a part or portion of a larger amount
Example
Each partner received an equal share of the company profits.
Jeder Partner erhielt einen gleichen Anteil am Gewinn des Unternehmens.
B2 noun ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti

sensitivity

sensitivität
Meaning
The quality or condition of being sensitive; responsiveness to stimuli.
Example
Bose proved plant sensitivity through experiments.
Bose bewies die Sensitivität von Pflanzen durch Experimente.
B2 verb səˈpres

suppress

unterdrücken
Meaning
To forcibly put an end to; to restrain or subdue.
Example
Authorities must suppress criminal activities in campuses.
Die Behörden müssen kriminelle Aktivitäten auf dem Campus unterdrücken.
C2 noun /ˈsɪnəd/

synod

Synode
Meaning
An assembly of the clergy in a Christian church convened to decide on issues of doctrine or administration.
Example
The synod gathered to discuss reforms in the church.
Der Synode versammelte sich, um Reformen in der Kirche zu diskutieren.
B2 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nəlz/

signals

signale
Meaning
A gesture, action, or sound conveying information or instructions.
Example
Signals from deep space were detected last week.
Signale aus dem tiefen Weltraum wurden letzte Woche detektiert.
B2 noun /ˈskʌlp.tər/

Sculptor

Bildhauer
Meaning
an artist who creates sculptures by carving, modeling, or shaping materials
Example
The sculptor spent months creating a beautiful marble statue.
Der Bildhauer verbrachte Monate damit, eine schöne Marmorskulptur zu schaffen.
B2 noun, verb /stiːm/

steam

Dampf
Meaning
the vapor into which water is converted when heated; to emit or treat with steam
Example
The kettle was steaming on the stove.
Der Wasserkocher dampfte auf dem Herd.
B1 adjective ˈsʌb.mə.riːn

submarine

U-Boot
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or used underwater, especially in relation to vessels or cables.
Example
Submarine cables facilitate international communication.
Unterseekabel erleichtern die internationale Kommunikation.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

Sichel
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
Der Bauer erntete Weizen mit einer traditionellen Sichel.