retroactive
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C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

rückwirkend
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
Das neue Gesetz wurde rückwirkend erlassen, um vergangene Fälle abzudecken.
A2 verb /ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz/

recognize

erkennen, akzeptieren
Meaning
To identify someone or something seen before; to acknowledge or accept.
Example
She did not recognize him in the crowd.
Sie hat ihn in der Menge nicht erkannt.
C2 noun /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈnɛsəns/

rejuvenescence

Verjüngung
Meaning
the action or process of becoming young or fresh again
Example
The forest showed signs of rejuvenescence after the rains.
Der Wald zeigte nach dem Regen Zeichen der Verjüngung.
C1 verb /rɪˈkuːpəreɪt/

recuperate

sich erholen
Meaning
to recover from illness or regain strength
Example
She went to the countryside to recuperate after surgery.
Sie ging aufs Land, um sich nach der Operation zu erholen.
A2 noun /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/

Relationship

Beziehung
Meaning
the way two people or groups feel and behave towards each other; a connection between two things
Example
They have a very close relationship.
Sie haben eine sehr enge Beziehung.
B2 verb /ˈreɡjəleɪt/

regulate

regulieren
Meaning
to control or maintain according to rules or laws
Example
The government regulates food safety.
Die Regierung reguliert die Lebensmittelsicherheit.
A2 noun /ˈrɛkɔːd/

record

protokoll
Meaning
a written or spoken account of something
Example
I kept a record of all the meetings.
Ich habe ein Protokoll aller Besprechungen geführt.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt/

reverberate

hallen
Meaning
To echo repeatedly or have continuing effects.
Example
The sound of the explosion reverberated through the valley.
Der Klang der Explosion hallte durch das Tal.
B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

Renovierung; Restaurierung
Meaning
the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state
Example
The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.
Das alte Haus wurde im letzten Jahr einer vollständigen Renovierung unterzogen.
C2 noun /rʌmp/

Rump

Hintern; Gesäß; unterer Rücken
Meaning
the hindquarters or buttocks; the lower back area
Example
The horse injured its rump during the fall.
Das Pferd hat sich während des Sturzes den Hintern verletzt.
C2 noun /ˈruː.mɪ.nənt/

ruminant

Wiederkäuer
Meaning
a cud-chewing mammal, such as a cow or sheep
Example
Cows are ruminants that chew cud.
Kühe sind Wiederkäuer, die ihre Nahrung wiederkäuen.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɜːrdʒənt/

resurgent

wiederauflebend
Meaning
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
Example
The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses.
Die wiederauflebende Wirtschaft gab vielen Unternehmen Hoffnung.
B1 adjective /rɪˈkwaɪəd/

required

erforderlich
Meaning
necessary or compulsory
Example
A visa is required to enter the country.
Ein Visum ist erforderlich, um das Land zu betreten.
A1 adjective /ˈreɪ.di.əʊ/

radio

radio
Meaning
Relating to radio waves or broadcasting.
Example
FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world.
FAST ist das größte Radioteleskop der Welt.
C2 verb /raɪv/

rive

zerreißen
Meaning
to tear apart violently
Example
The earthquake rived the ground in several places.
Das Erdbeben zerbrach den Boden an mehreren Stellen.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpen.tənt/

Repentant

bereuend; reumütig; voller Reue
Meaning
feeling or expressing sincere regret and remorse; sorry for one's actions
Example
The repentant thief returned the stolen money.
Der bereuende Dieb gab das gestohlene Geld zurück.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpʌɡ.nənt/

Repugnant

abstoßend; widerlich; ekelhaft
Meaning
extremely distasteful; unacceptable; causing disgust or strong dislike
Example
The idea of lying to his parents was repugnant to him.
Die Idee, seinen Eltern zu lügen, war ihm abstoßend.
B2 noun rɪˈtɛnʃən

retention

Retention
Meaning
The continued possession, use, or control of something
Example
The retention of information is essential for academic success.
Die Retention von Informationen ist entscheidend für den akademischen Erfolg.
B1 noun rɪˈzɪs.təns

resistance

widerstand
Meaning
The refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.
Example
The resistance fought bravely against colonial forces.
Der Widerstand kämpfte tapfer gegen die kolonialen Kräfte.
C1 noun /ˌriː.pəˈkʌʃ.ən/

repercussion

Auswirkung
Meaning
An unintended consequence occurring some time after an event or action.
Example
The economic crisis had severe repercussions on global trade.
Die wirtschaftliche Krise hatte schwerwiegende Auswirkungen auf den globalen Handel.
B2 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃənz

revolutions

Revolutionen
Meaning
Dramatic and wide-reaching changes in political, social, or economic systems, often involving the overthrow of a government or social order.
Example
Revolutions often lead to significant societal changes.
Revolutionen führen oft zu bedeutenden gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvoʊltɪŋ/

revolting

widerlich
Meaning
extremely unpleasant or disgusting
Example
The smell of the garbage was revolting.
Der Geruch des Mülls war widerlich.
C1 noun /rɪˈpen.təns/

Repentance

Buße
Meaning
the action of repenting; sincere regret or remorse
Example
His genuine repentance moved everyone in the courtroom.
Seine echte Buße bewegte alle im Gerichtssaal.
C2 noun /ˌriːkəˌpɪtjʊˈleɪʃən/

recapitulation

Rekapitulation
Meaning
The act of summarizing or repeating the main points of something.
Example
The professor gave a brief recapitulation of the lecture before ending the class.
Der Professor gab eine kurze Rekapitulation der Vorlesung, bevor er die Klasse beendete.
C2 adjective /rɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

repressible

unterdrückbar
Meaning
Capable of being restrained or suppressed.
Example
The movement proved to be hardly repressible.
Die Bewegung erwies sich als kaum unterdrückbar.
C1 noun /ˈrɛz.ə.nəns/

resonance

Resonanz
Meaning
A deep, reverberating sound or a quality of evoking response.
Example
His speech had a deep resonance with the audience.
Seine Rede hatte eine tiefe Resonanz beim Publikum.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈtʌtʃ/

retouch

retuschieren
Meaning
To improve or repair a picture, photograph, or image by making small changes.
Example
The photographer retouched the image to remove blemishes.
Der Fotograf retuschierte das Bild, um Flecken zu entfernen.
B2 adjective /ˈrʌn daʊn/

run-down

verfallen
Meaning
in a poor condition; worn out or neglected
Example
They live in a run-down house at the edge of town.
Sie leben in einem verfallenen Haus am Rande der Stadt.
B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

Reproduktion, Fortpflanzung
Meaning
The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.
Example
The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.
Das Lehrbuch enthielt ein detailliertes Diagramm der menschlichen Reproduktion.
C1 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪmənt/

regiment

Regiment
Meaning
A permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies.
Example
The regiment marched proudly through the streets after returning from the mission.
Das Regiment marschierte stolz durch die Straßen, nachdem es von der Mission zurückgekehrt war.
B1 adjective /rɪˈpiː.tɪd/

Repeated

wiederholt; mehrfach geschehen
Meaning
done again; happening again; occurring multiple times
Example
He made repeated attempts to contact her.
Er hat wiederholte Versuche gemacht, sie zu kontaktieren.
C2 noun /ˌrɛtroʊˈɡrɛʃən/

retrogression

Rückschritt
Meaning
a return to a worse or less developed state
Example
The country experienced economic retrogression after the crisis.
Das Land erlebte nach der Krise einen wirtschaftlichen Rückschritt.
B1 verb rɪˈdjuːst

reduced

reduzieren
Meaning
Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Singapore has reduced plastic usage significantly.
Singapur hat den Plastikverbrauch erheblich reduziert.
B2 noun /ˈreɪʃoʊ/

ratio

Verhältnis
Meaning
a relationship between two numbers showing how many times the first number contains the second
Example
The ratio of boys to girls in the class is 2:1.
Das Verhältnis von Jungen zu Mädchen in der Klasse ist 2:1.
B2 verb /riːp/

reap

ernten
Meaning
to cut or gather a crop; to receive as a consequence of actions
Example
Farmers reap wheat in the late summer.
Bauern ernten Weizen im Spätsommer.
C2 noun /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnʃən/

reprehension

Tadel
Meaning
The act of rebuking or criticizing severely.
Example
The teacher’s reprehension of the student’s behavior was justified.
Die Tadel des Lehrers über das Verhalten des Schülers war gerechtfertigt.
C2 noun /rɪˈvaɪlər/

reviler

Beschimpfer
Meaning
a person who criticizes or insults others abusively
Example
He was known as a reviler of all who opposed him.
Er war bekannt als ein Beschimpfer aller, die sich ihm widersetzten.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

wiederbeleben
Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
Der Regisseur entschloss sich, das alte Stück für ein neues Publikum wiederzubeleben.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

Schlucht
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
Der Fluss grub eine tiefe Schlucht durch die Berge.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛpərəbəl/

reparable

reparabel
Meaning
able to be repaired or fixed
Example
The damage to the car was serious but still reparable.
Der Schaden am Auto war ernst, aber immer noch reparabel.
C1 noun ˌriː.pɚˈkʌʃ.ənz

repercussions

Folgen
Meaning
The unintended consequences or effects of an action or event.
Example
The new policy had unintended repercussions on the economy.
Die neue Politik hatte unbeabsichtigte Auswirkungen auf die Wirtschaft.
B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

Schiedsrichter
Meaning
a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed
Example
The referee stopped the game after a foul.
Der Schiedsrichter stoppte das Spiel nach einem Foul.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

Befragter
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
Die Umfrage hatte mehr als 1000 Befragte.
B1 adjective /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

Religious

religiös; fromm; geistlich; religiös bezogen;
Meaning
relating to or believing in a religion; devout; spiritual;
Example
He comes from a very religious family.
Er kommt aus einer sehr religiösen Familie.
B2 adjective /ˈrest.ləs/

Restless

unruhig
Meaning
unable to rest or relax; constantly moving or fidgeting
Example
The child was restless during the long car journey.
Das Kind war während der langen Autofahrt unruhig.
C2 verb /ˈrævɪʃ/

ravish

verzaubern
Meaning
To fill with intense delight; to captivate or enchant.
Example
The beauty of the sunset ravished the travelers.
Die Schönheit des Sonnenuntergangs verzauberte die Reisenden.
C1 adjective /ˈruːfəl/

rueful

bedauerlich
Meaning
Expressing sorrow, regret, or pity.
Example
He gave a rueful smile after losing the match.
Er gab nach dem Verlust des Spiels ein trauriges Lächeln.
C1 noun /rɪˈsaɪtər/

reciter

Rezitor
Meaning
a person who recites or repeats something aloud from memory, especially poetry, prayers, or formal texts
Example
The reciter delivered the poem with clarity and emotion.
Der Rezitor trug das Gedicht mit Klarheit und Gefühl vor.
B2 verb /ˌriːkriˈeɪt/

recreate

wieder erschaffen
Meaning
to create or produce something again, especially a new version of something lost or destroyed
Example
The team recreated the lost dataset from backups.
Das Team hat den verlorenen Datensatz aus den Backups wiederhergestellt.
C1 adjective /ˌret.rəˈspek.tɪv/

Retrospective

retrospektiv
Meaning
looking back on or dealing with past events or situations
Example
The museum held a retrospective exhibition of the artist's work.
Das Museum zeigte eine Retrospektivausstellung der Werke des Kuenstlers
C1 verb /ˌriːˈmɒdəl/

remodel

umbauen
Meaning
To change the structure or form of something, especially a building.
Example
They decided to remodel their kitchen last summer.
Sie beschlossen, ihre Küche letzten Sommer umzubauen.
A2 verb /rɪˈlæks/

relax

sich entspannen
Meaning
to make or become less tense or anxious; to rest
Example
After a long day, she likes to relax with a good book.
Nach einem langen Tag entspannt sie sich gerne mit einem guten Buch.
B2 adjective /rɪˈspek.tə.bəl/

Respectable

respektabel
Meaning
worthy of respect; having good reputation; decent
Example
He comes from a respectable family in the community.
Er kommt aus einer respektablen Familie in der Gemeinschaft.
B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːrtər/

reporter

Reporter
Meaning
a person who reports news or information
Example
The reporter interviewed several people at the scene.
Der Reporter interviewte mehrere Personen am Tatort.
B1 adverb /ˈrel.ə.tɪv.li/

Relatively

relativ
Meaning
in comparison to something else; quite; fairly
Example
The weather is relatively warm today.
Das Wetter ist heute relativ warm.
C2 noun, adjective, verb /ˈrɛprəˌbeɪt/

reprobate

unmoralische Person
Meaning
A person of immoral character; to express disapproval of; morally corrupt.
Example
The old reprobate spent his days gambling and drinking.
Der alte Reprobate verbrachte seine Tage mit Glücksspiel und Trinken.
C1 verb rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ

relinquish

aufgeben
Meaning
To give up any authority, responsibility, or property.
Example
He decided to relinquish his position as CEO.
Er entschied sich, seine Position als CEO aufzugeben.
C2 noun /ˌrɛv.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

revocation

Widerruf
Meaning
The act of officially canceling or withdrawing something.
Example
The court ordered the revocation of his license.
Das Gericht ordnete die Aufhebung seiner Lizenz an.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

Vergeltung
Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
Der Angriff wurde als Vergeltung für den früheren Bombenanschlag durchgeführt.
C2 noun /rɪˈfrækʃən/

refraction

Brechung
Meaning
The bending of light, sound, or other waves when they pass from one medium to another of different density.
Example
The refraction of light in water makes objects appear bent.
Die Brechung von Licht im Wasser lässt Objekte gebogen erscheinen.
A2 noun rɪˈspɛkt

respect

Respekt
Meaning
A feeling of deep admiration for someone or something.
Example
We should show respect to the freedom fighters.
Wir sollten den Freiheitskämpfern Respekt zollen.
C2 adjective /ˈrɪbɔːld/

ribald

obszöne Witze
Meaning
Referring to sexual matters in a humorous or vulgar way.
Example
The comedian’s ribald jokes made the audience laugh uncomfortably.
Die obszönen Witze des Komikers brachten das Publikum unangenehm zum Lachen.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

sich zurückziehen
Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.
Die Soldaten mussten sich nach der Niederlage zurückziehen.
C1 noun /ˈrɛ.trəʊ.fɪt.ɪŋ/

retrofitting

Nachrüstung mit neuer Technologie oder Funktionen in alten Systemen
Meaning
The addition of new technology or features to older systems.
Example
The building underwent retrofitting to meet new safety standards.
Das Gebäude wurde nachträglich mit Retrofits ausgestattet, um den neuen Sicherheitsstandards zu entsprechen.
B2 noun /rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/

Refreshment

Erfrischung
Meaning
food and drink that is served as a light meal; something that refreshes
Example
We served light refreshments after the meeting.
Wir haben nach dem Meeting leichte Erfrischungen serviert.
C1 verb /rɪˈtrækt/

retract

zurückziehen
Meaning
to withdraw a statement, promise, or part of the body; to pull back
Example
The company retracted its earlier statement after realizing the error.
Das Unternehmen zog seine vorherige Erklärung zurück, nachdem es den Fehler bemerkt hatte.
B2 verb /rɪˈvɜːs/

reverse

umkehren
Meaning
to change something to the opposite direction, position, or result
Example
She quickly reversed the car out of the driveway.
Sie kehrte schnell das Auto aus der Einfahrt.
B2 verb /ˈrɛkən/

reckon

annehmen
Meaning
To think, believe, or expect something; to calculate or estimate.
Example
I reckon it will rain later today.
Ich schätze, dass es später heute regnen wird.
B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

zufällig
Meaning
without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance
Example
She selected a random book from the library shelf.
Sie wählte ein zufälliges Buch vom Bücherregal aus.
C2 noun /ˈrɛd.ə.ləns/

redolence

Duft
Meaning
a pleasant smell or the quality of suggesting something strongly
Example
The redolence of jasmine filled the evening air.
Der Duft von Jasmin füllte die Abendluft.
C1 adjective rɪsk-ədˈʤɛstɪd

risk-adjusted

risiko-adjustiert
Meaning
Modified or calibrated to account for risk factors in investment returns.
Example
Risk-adjusted returns consider both potential profit and loss.
Risiko-adjustierte Renditen berücksichtigen sowohl potenziellen Gewinn als auch Verlust.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnsəbl̩/

reprehensible

verwerflich
Meaning
Deserving strong criticism or blame.
Example
His dishonest actions were truly reprehensible.
Seine unehrlichen Taten waren wirklich verwerflich.
C1 noun ˌriːˌvaɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

revitalization

Revitalisierung
Meaning
The action of giving new life and vitality to something.
Example
Proper rest and nutrition lead to revitalization of the body.
Ausreichende Ruhe und Ernährung führen zur Revitalisierung des Körpers.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

Dachbalken
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Die Dachbalken des alten Stalls waren freigelegt.
C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

reflexiv; selbstreflektierend
Meaning
directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself
Example
She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.
Sie wurde nach dem Feedback nachdenklicher über ihr Verhalten.
C2 noun /ˈrɪɡməˌroʊl/

rigmarole

Streitereien
Meaning
a long, complicated, and confusing process or story
Example
Getting a visa was such a rigmarole of paperwork and interviews.
Ein Visum zu bekommen war ein einziges Durcheinander aus Papierkram und Interviews.
B2 noun /ˈrɛnəˌsɑːns/

renaissance

Renaissance
Meaning
a revival of art, culture, or learning; a period of renewed interest and growth
Example
The city experienced a cultural renaissance during the 1990s.
Die Stadt erlebte in den 1990er Jahren eine kulturelle Renaissance.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Rücktritt
Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
Ihr Rücktritt von der Position war unerwartet.
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

Nagetier
Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
Der Bauer stellte Fallen auf, um die Nagetiere in seiner Scheune zu fangen.
C2 noun /rɪˈpruːf/

reproof

Zurechtweisung, Tadel
Meaning
An expression of blame or disapproval.
Example
His careless words drew a sharp reproof from his mother.
Seine unachtsamen Worte zogen eine scharfe Zurechtweisung seiner Mutter nach sich.
B2 adjective /rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/

reliant

abhängig
Meaning
depending on someone or something for support
Example
The country is too reliant on imported goods.
Das Land ist zu abhängig von importierten Waren.
C1 noun ˈredʒ.ɪ.strɑːr

registrar

registrator
Meaning
An official responsible for keeping records or registers.
Example
The registrar oversees all administrative tasks.
Der Registrar überwacht alle administrativen Aufgaben.
B1 noun /rɪˈzɔː.sɪz/

resources

ressourcen
Meaning
A stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets.
Example
The region was rich in herbal resources.
Die Region war reich an pflanzlichen Ressourcen.
B2 noun /reɪdʒ/

rage

Wut
Meaning
intense anger or fury
Example
She shouted in a fit of rage after hearing the news.
Sie schrie in einem Wutanfall, nachdem sie die Nachrichten gehört hatte.
C1 noun /ˈrɛt.ər.ɪk/

rhetoric

die Kunst des effektiven oder überzeugenden Sprechens oder Schreibens
Meaning
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; skillful use of language to influence others.
Example
Political leaders often use rhetoric to influence people.
Politische Führer verwenden oft Rhetorik, um Menschen zu beeinflussen.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

rezessiv
Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
Blaue Augenfarbe ist oft ein rezessives Merkmal.
C2 adjective /rɪˈdjuːsəbl̩/

reducible

reduzierbar
Meaning
capable of being simplified, lessened, or made smaller
Example
The problem is complex but reducible to a few basic principles.
Das Problem ist komplex, aber auf einige grundlegende Prinzipien reduzierbar.
C1 adverb /rɪˈspek.tə.bli/

Respectably

auf respektable Weise; anständig;
Meaning
in a way that is worthy of respect; decently; properly
Example
She was dressed respectably for the interview.
Sie war respektabel gekleidet für das Interview.
B1 noun /rɪˈspɒns/

Response

Antwort; Reaktion
Meaning
a reaction to something; an answer or reply; the way in which something reacts to external stimulus
Example
The government's response to the crisis was swift and decisive.
Die Antwort der Regierung auf die Krise war schnell und entscheidend.
C1 noun /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

Retaliation

Vergeltung
Meaning
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack; revenge for an injury or wrong
Example
The country threatened retaliation against any act of aggression.
Das Land drohte mit Vergeltungsmaßnahmen gegen jede Aggression.
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

hilfstran
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
der hilfstran kam mit lebensmitteln und medizinischen hilfsgütern für die flutopfer an.
B2 noun /rɪˈmaɪndər/

reminder

Erinnerung
Meaning
something that helps you remember a fact, event, or action that you need to do or recall
Example
He set a reminder to call his mother on her birthday.
Er hat eine Erinnerung eingestellt, um seine Mutter an ihrem Geburtstag anzurufen.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

resistent
Meaning
not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand
Example
This fabric is resistant to water and stains.
Dieser Stoff ist resistent gegen Wasser und Flecken.
B1 adjective, noun /ˈroʊmən/

roman

römisch / römischer Bürger
Meaning
relating to Rome or its people; a citizen of ancient Rome
Example
The Roman Empire influenced much of modern civilization.
Das Römische Reich beeinflusste viele Teile der modernen Zivilisation.
C2 noun /ˈrɛvəlri/

revelry

Fest
Meaning
Lively and noisy festivities, especially involving drinking and dancing.
Example
The sound of revelry could be heard throughout the night.
Der Klang des Festes war die ganze Nacht zu hören.
B1 verb /rʌb/

rub

reiben
Meaning
to press and move something firmly against a surface; to apply pressure with movement
Example
She rubbed her hands together to keep them warm.
Sie rieb ihre Hände zusammen, um sie warm zu halten.
C2 verb /rɪˈpruːv/

reprove

tadeln
Meaning
to criticize or correct someone gently or disapprove of their actions
Example
The teacher reproved the student for being late.
Der Lehrer tadelte den Schüler, weil er zu spät kam.
B2 verb /ˌriːjuˈnaɪt/

reunite

wiedervereinigen
Meaning
to bring together again after separation
Example
The family was reunited after many years.
Die Familie wurde nach vielen Jahren wiedervereint.
B2 noun /ˈruːdnəs/

Rudeness

Unhöflichkeit
Meaning
the quality of being impolite, discourteous, or offensive in behavior or speech
Example
His rudeness shocked everyone at the dinner party.
Seine Unhöflichkeit schockierte alle auf der Dinnerparty.
C1 noun /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsəns/

reminiscence

Erinnerung
Meaning
a story or memory about past events
Example
He shared a reminiscence of his childhood days in the village.
Er teilte eine Erinnerung an seine Kindheitstage im Dorf.
C1 noun/verb /ˈræfəl/

raffle

Verkauf von Lotterietickets
Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets, one or more of which are drawn at random for a prize; to sell something in such a lottery.
Example
The charity decided to raffle a bicycle to raise funds.
Die Wohltätigkeitsorganisation beschloss, ein Fahrrad zu verlosen, um Geld zu sammeln.
C1 noun /ˈrɛzɪn/

resin

Harz
Meaning
a sticky organic substance, usually secreted by plants, often used in varnishes or plastics
Example
The craftsman used natural resin to make the sculpture shine.
Der Handwerker verwendete natürlichen Harz, um die Skulptur zum Glänzen zu bringen.
B2 noun /ˈrɒbər/

robber

Räuber
Meaning
a person who steals property from others, often using force or threat
Example
The robber was caught after a quick police chase.
Der Räuber wurde nach einer schnellen Polizeiverfolgung gefasst.
B2 noun rɪˈzɪl.i.əns

resilience

Resilienz
Meaning
The ability to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
Example
Testing the resilience of wood is crucial.
Die Resilienz von Holz zu testen ist entscheidend.
C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

ein verschriebenes Behandlungskonzept, Diät oder Lebensstil zur Förderung oder Wiederherstellung der Gesundheit
Meaning
A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.
Example
A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.
Ein striktes Trainingsregimen verbessert die allgemeine Fitness.
B1 adjective /rɔː/

Raw

roh; nicht verarbeitet; im natürlichen Zustand; unerfahren
Meaning
uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced
Example
The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.
Der Koch bevorzugt es, rohe Gemüse in seinen Salaten zu verwenden.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪʒən/

rescission

Kündigung
Meaning
the cancellation or annulment of a law, contract, or agreement
Example
The rescission of the contract left both parties disappointed.
Die Kündigung des Vertrages enttäuschte beide Parteien.
B1 noun /rɪˈfjuːz/

Refuse

Abfall; Ablehnung
Meaning
waste material; garbage; to decline or reject something
Example
Please put the refuse in the designated bins.
Bitte werfen Sie den Abfall in die vorgesehenen Behälter.
C1 verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/

retaliate

rächen
Meaning
to make an attack in return for a similar attack
Example
The army retaliated after the enemy attack.
Die Armee rächte sich nach dem feindlichen Angriff.
C1 noun /ˈruːdɪmənt/

rudiment

Grundlagen
Meaning
A basic principle, element, or fundamental part of something.
Example
He learned the rudiments of music before joining the band.
Er lernte die rudimentären Grundlagen der Musik, bevor er der Band beitrat.
C1 verb /ˈræʃənaɪz/

rationlize

rationalisieren
Meaning
to justify or explain something with logical reasons, even if not appropriate or true
Example
He tried to rationlize his mistake by blaming the system.
Er versuchte, seinen Fehler zu rationalisieren, indem er das System beschuldigte.
C2 verb /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnd/

reprehend

tadeln
Meaning
to express disapproval or criticism of someone or something
Example
The teacher reprehended the student for being dishonest.
Der Lehrer tadelte den Schüler für seine Unehrlichkeit.
A2 adverb /ˈriː.sənt.li/

Recently

kürzlich
Meaning
in the recent past; not long ago
Example
I recently moved to a new apartment.
Ich bin kürzlich in eine neue Wohnung gezogen.
A1 noun, adjective, adverb /raɪt/

right

Recht
Meaning
something that is morally good, fair, or just; or a legal/entitled claim
Example
Everyone has the right to free speech.
Jeder hat das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung.
C1 adjective /ˈraɪ.tʃəs/

Righteous

rechtschaffen; gerecht; tugendhaft
Meaning
morally right or justifiable; virtuous; having strong moral principles
Example
She felt righteous anger at the unfair treatment of workers.
Sie fühlte gerechten Zorn über die ungerechte Behandlung der Arbeiter.
B2 noun, verb /rɪˈzɔːrt/

resort

Erholungsort / letzter Ausweg
Meaning
A place for rest or recreation; to turn to something for help or solution.
Example
They stayed at a beach resort during their vacation.
Sie haben ihren Urlaub in einem Strandresort verbracht.
B1 noun /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)mənt/

requirement

Anforderung
Meaning
something that is necessary or demanded
Example
The job has specific educational requirements.
Der Job hat spezifische Bildungsanforderungen.
C1 noun /rɪdʒ/

ridge

Bergkamm oder Gipfel
Meaning
a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or raised strip
Example
We walked along the mountain ridge.
Wir gingen entlang des Gebirgskamms.
A2 noun /reɪs/

race

Rennen
Meaning
a competition of speed, or a group of people with similar characteristics
Example
The race was very exciting, with many competitors.
Das Rennen war sehr aufregend, mit vielen Wettbewerbern.
B2 noun /rɛlm/

realm

Bereich
Meaning
A kingdom or domain; a field or area of activity or interest.
Example
He is well known in the realm of science.
Er ist im Bereich der Wissenschaft bekannt.
B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

sich freuen
Meaning
to feel or show great joy; to celebrate
Example
The family rejoices at the good news.
Die Familie freut sich über die guten Nachrichten.