C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

reizstoff

Meaning

something that causes irritation or discomfort

Example

Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.

Staub ist ein häufiger Reizstoff für Menschen mit Allergien.

A2 verb /ɪˈmædʒɪn/

imagine

vorstellen

Meaning

to form a mental image of; to believe something unreal to be true

Example

Can you imagine living in a different country?

Kannst du dir vorstellen, in einem anderen Land zu leben?

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.səˌbɑːr/

isobar

Isobar

Meaning

A line on a weather map connecting points of equal atmospheric pressure.

Example

The meteorologist explained how isobars indicate wind speed and direction.

Der Meteorologe erklärte, wie Isobaren die Windgeschwindigkeit und -richtung anzeigen.

C2 noun /ɪmˈpʌlʃən/

impulsion

Impuls

Meaning

a strong urge or drive to act; the act of impelling

Example

His impulsion to travel made him leave his job suddenly.

Sein Impuls, zu reisen, veranlasste ihn dazu, seinen Job plötzlich zu kündigen.

B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

Glück

Meaning

to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct

Example

Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.

Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.

C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich

Meaning

So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive

Example

The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.

Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.

C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

Kruste

Meaning

a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something

Example

The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.

Die alten Rohre waren aufgrund einer starken Verkrustung von Mineralien blockiert.

C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/

inimical

feindlich / ungünstig

Meaning

tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The policy was inimical to the country's economic growth.

Die Politik war ungünstig für das Wirtschaftswachstum des Landes.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

unangemessen

Meaning

not suitable or proper in the circumstances

Example

It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.

Es war unangemessen, in der Bibliothek laut zu sprechen.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

unzerstörbar

Meaning

Impossible to destroy or break.

Example

The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.

Es wurde gesagt, dass das Schild des Superhelden unzerstörbar war.

C2 noun /ˈɪnfəmi/

infamy

Glück

Meaning

the state of being well known for some bad quality or deed

Example

His name will live in infamy for the crimes he committed.

Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈtɛntɪv/

inattentive

unaufmerksam

Meaning

not paying attention; lacking focus or concentration

Example

The inattentive student missed several important instructions.

Der unaufmerksame Schüler verpasste mehrere wichtige Anweisungen.

C2 adjective /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/

ignominious

ignominös

Meaning

Marked by shame, disgrace, or humiliation.

Example

The team suffered an ignominious defeat in the finals.

Das Team erlitt eine ignominöse Niederlage im Finale.

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

religiöses Bild oder Symbol

Meaning

A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Example

The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.

Die Kirche zeigte ein wunderschön gemaltes Ikon der Jungfrau Maria.

B2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡeɪtər/

investigator

Glück

Meaning

a person who carries out a formal inquiry or investigation

Example

The investigator gathered evidence from the crime scene.

Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.

C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

Binnen

Meaning

Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.

Example

Inland transport boosts local trade.

Binnenverkehr fördert den lokalen Handel.

C1 adverb ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪ.kli

intrinsically

intrinsisch

Meaning

In a way that is naturally or inherently part of something's essential nature.

Example

Some people are intrinsically motivated to learn.

Einige Menschen sind intrinsisch motiviert zu lernen.

C1 noun /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/

inconsistency

Inkonsistenz

Meaning

The quality of being contradictory, irregular, or not staying the same.

Example

There is an inconsistency between his words and actions.

Es gibt eine Inkonsistenz zwischen seinen Worten und Taten.

B2 noun /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

instability

Instabilität

Meaning

lack of stability or balance; tendency to change, fail, or collapse easily

Example

Political instability has slowed economic growth in the region.

Politische Instabilität hat das wirtschaftliche Wachstum der Region verlangsamt.

C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

Irrelevanz

Meaning

the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand

Example

The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.

Der Richter wies das Argument wegen seiner Irrelevanz für den Fall zurück.

A2 verb /ɪɡˈnɔːr/

ignore

ignorieren

Meaning

to refuse to take notice of; to disregard intentionally

Example

She decided to ignore the rude comments.

Sie beschloss, die unhöflichen Kommentare zu ignorieren.

C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

auf sich nehmen

Meaning

To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.

Example

He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.

Er zog eine Strafe auf sich, weil er an der falschen Stelle parkte.

C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪ/

inveigh

heftig kritisieren

Meaning

To speak or write about something with great hostility and criticism.

Example

He inveighed against the corruption in government.

Er kritisierte heftig die Korruption in der Regierung.

C2 verb /ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt/

incinerate

verbrennen

Meaning

to burn something completely until it is reduced to ashes

Example

The city decided to incinerate the medical waste for safety.

Die Stadt beschloss, den medizinischen Müll aus Sicherheitsgründen zu verbrennen.

B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

zufügen

Meaning

to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something

Example

The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.

Der Sturm fügte der Stadt erheblichen Schaden zu.

C2 noun /ˈɪndələns/

indolence

Indolenz

Meaning

Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.

Example

His indolence kept him from finishing the project on time.

Seine Indolenz hinderte ihn daran, das Projekt rechtzeitig abzuschließen.

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

Unvollständigkeit

Meaning

the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness

Example

The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.

Die Unvollständigkeit des Berichts verursachte Verzögerungen im Projekt.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

anfänglich

Meaning

Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.

Example

The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.

Die inzeptive Phase des Projekts war von einer enthusiastischen Planung geprägt.

C2 noun /ˌɪmpjuˈteɪʃən/

imputation

Imputation

Meaning

an accusation or attribution of blame

Example

The politician denied the imputation of corruption.

Der Politiker bestritt die Imputation der Korruption.

B2 verb ɪnˈvɛst.ɪŋ

investing

investieren

Meaning

The act of putting money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit.

Example

Investing in stocks can generate long-term wealth.

Investieren in Aktien kann langfristigen Reichtum generieren.

C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

Indignität; Demütigung; Erniedrigung;

Meaning

treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation

Example

She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.

Sie weigerte sich, die Indignität zu ertragen, ohne einen triftigen Grund durchsucht zu werden.

B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

initiatives

Initiativen

Meaning

Actions or strategies designed to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; programs or projects.

Example

Community initiatives benefit underprivileged groups.

Gemeinschaftsinitiativen kommen benachteiligten Gruppen zugute.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

willkürlich

Meaning

Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.

Example

The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.

Der willkürliche Einsatz von Pestiziden schadet der Umwelt.

B2 noun ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən

innovation

Innovation

Meaning

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, product, etc.

Example

Innovation drives solutions to global challenges.

Innovation treibt Lösungen für globale Herausforderungen voran.

B1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdəbl/

incredible

unglaublich

Meaning

so extraordinary that it is hard to believe; amazing

Example

The view from the mountain was incredible.

Der Ausblick vom Berg war unglaublich.

B2 noun /ˈɪdɪət/

idiot

Idiot

Meaning

a person who acts in a way that is considered very stupid or foolish

Example

He acted like an idiot at the party last night.

Er benahm sich wie ein Idiot auf der Party letzte Nacht.

B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

anweisen

Meaning

to teach; to give directions

Example

The teacher instructed the students carefully.

Der Lehrer wies die Schüler sorgfältig an.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

eingefleischt

Meaning

having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change

Example

He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.

Er ist ein eingefleischter Leser, der jeden Tag Stunden in der Bibliothek verbringt.

C1 adjective ˌɪn.krəˈmen.təl

incremental

inkrementell

Meaning

Relating to or denoting an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; proceeding in small stages.

Example

Incremental changes ensure sustainability.

Inkrementelle Veränderungen gewährleisten Nachhaltigkeit.

C2 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tʃər/

Imposture

Betrug; Täuschung; Schwindel

Meaning

the practice of deceiving others by pretending to be someone else; fraudulent deception

Example

The elaborate imposture lasted for months before investigators uncovered the truth.

Der aufwendige Betrug dauerte Monate, bevor die Ermittler die Wahrheit entdeckten.

B1 noun /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

interaction

gegenseitige Interaktion

Meaning

The process of people or things acting upon or influencing each other.

Example

The teacher encouraged more interaction between students.

Der Lehrer förderte mehr Interaktion zwischen den Schülern.

A2 noun /ˈɪndʒəri/

injury

Verletzung

Meaning

Harm or damage to a person’s body caused by an accident or attack.

Example

He suffered a serious injury during the football match.

Er erlitt eine schwere Verletzung während des Fußballspiels.

B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌktər/

instructor

instruktor

Meaning

A person who teaches a subject or skill.

Example

The driving instructor was very patient with new learners.

Der Fahrlehrer war sehr geduldig mit den neuen Schülern.

B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/

ironical

ironisch

Meaning

expressing irony; having the nature of irony

Example

Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable.

Ihr ironischer Ton machte alle unwohl.

C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs/

iniquitous

ungerechts

Meaning

grossly unfair and morally wrong

Example

Slavery was one of the most iniquitous practices in history.

Sklaverei war eine der ungerechtesten Praktiken in der Geschichte.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstɛnsəbl/

inextensible

undehnbar

Meaning

Not capable of being stretched or extended.

Example

This rope is made of an inextensible material.

Dieses Seil ist aus einem undehnbaren Material gemacht.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/

inexpedient

unangebracht

Meaning

Not advisable, suitable, or practical in the circumstances.

Example

It would be inexpedient to invest without proper research.

Es wäre unangebracht, ohne gründliche Recherche zu investieren.

C1 verb /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/

insinuate

insinuieren

Meaning

To suggest or hint something indirectly and often unpleasantly.

Example

He insinuated that she had lied about her qualifications.

Er insinuierte, dass sie über ihre Qualifikationen gelogen hatte.

C2 adjective /ɪˈrædɪkəbəl/

irradicable

irradikabel

Meaning

not able to be eradicated; impossible to destroy or remove completely

Example

The love of a mother for her child is irradicable.

Die Liebe einer Mutter zu ihrem Kind ist irradikabel.

B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

eisig; extrem kalt; feindlich

Meaning

extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile

Example

The icy wind made everyone shiver.

Der eisige Wind ließ alle zittern.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

immateriell

Meaning

Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.

Example

Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.

Vertrauen ist eine immaterielle Eigenschaft in Beziehungen.

C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

scharfsinnig

Meaning

Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.

Example

His incisive comments revealed the core issues.

Seine scharfsinnigen Kommentare enthüllten die Kernprobleme.

C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

ungültig

Meaning

Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.

Example

The court declared the contract invalid.

Das Gericht erklärte den Vertrag für ungültig.

C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒəns/

insurgence

Aufstand

Meaning

An act of rebellion or uprising against authority.

Example

The government struggled to contain the growing insurgence.

Die Regierung hatte Schwierigkeiten, den wachsenden Aufstand zu bekämpfen.

C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

bewässern

Meaning

to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water

Example

Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.

Bauern bewässern ihre Felder in der Trockenzeit.

C2 verb /ˈɪndjʊˌreɪt/

indurate

verhärten

Meaning

To harden or make something physically or emotionally tough.

Example

Years of hardship indurated his spirit.

Jahre der Schwierigkeiten härteten seinen Geist.

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.lət/

islet

Inselchen

Meaning

A very small island.

Example

The fishermen rested on a tiny islet before continuing their journey.

Die Fischer ruhten auf einem kleinen Inselchen, bevor sie ihre Reise fortsetzten.

B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

unangemessen; inkorrekt; ungeeignet

Meaning

inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable

Example

It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.

Es wäre unangemessen, in einer Geschäftssitzung persönliche Angelegenheiten zu besprechen.

C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

umkehren

Meaning

To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.

Example

He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.

Er hat das Glas umgedreht, um das Wasser abfließen zu lassen.

C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

austauschbar

Meaning

able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function

Example

These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.

Diese Maschinenteile sind austauschbar, so dass sie einfach ersetzt werden können.

B2 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

Industrial Revolution

Industrielle Revolution

Meaning

The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery and characterized by the use of steam power and the growth of factories.

Example

The Industrial Revolution marked a shift in production processes.

Die industrielle Revolution markierte einen Wandel in den Produktionsprozessen.

B2 noun /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

inhabitant

Einwohner

Meaning

a person or animal that lives in a particular place

Example

The inhabitants of the village rely on farming for their livelihood.

Die Einwohner des Dorfes sind auf die Landwirtschaft angewiesen, um ihren Lebensunterhalt zu sichern.

C2 noun /ˌɪmpəˈtjuːəsəti/

impetuosity

Impulsivität

Meaning

The quality of being rash or impulsive.

Example

His impetuosity often got him into trouble.

Seine Impetuosität brachte ihn oft in Schwierigkeiten.

C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

Ideologie

Meaning

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Example

Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.

Demokratie basiert auf der Ideologie von Freiheit und Gleichheit.

C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improvisieren

Meaning

To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.

Example

The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.

Der Schauspieler musste seine Zeilen improvisieren, als er das Skript vergessen hatte.

C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

Bildsprache

Meaning

visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work

Example

The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.

Der Einsatz von Bildsprache des Dichters erweckte die Szene zum Leben.

C1 noun /ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Imposition

Auferlegung; Last; ungerechte Forderung

Meaning

the action or process of imposing something or of being imposed; an unfair burden or demand

Example

The imposition of new taxes without consultation angered the citizens greatly.

Die Auferlegung neuer Steuern ohne Beratung verärgerte die Bürger erheblich.

B2 noun /ˈaɪkɒn/

icon

Ikone, Symbol

Meaning

A person or thing regarded as a symbol of something, or a graphic symbol on a screen.

Example

The singer became a cultural icon.

Der Sänger wurde zu einer kulturellen Ikone.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

übermäßig

Meaning

Excessive or unusually large in degree.

Example

She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.

Sie verbrachte eine übermäßige Zeit mit ihrem Telefon.

B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

Intellektuelle

Meaning

People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.

Example

Intellectuals protested against the dominance.

Die Intellektuellen protestierten gegen die Vorherrschaft.

C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːrpəˌleɪt/

interpolate

interpolieren

Meaning

To insert something, often words, into a text or conversation; to estimate values between known data points.

Example

The editor interpolated a missing paragraph into the manuscript.

Der Herausgeber interpolierte einen fehlenden Absatz in das Manuskript.

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

unwiderlegbar

Meaning

impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable

Example

The evidence against him was irrefutable.

Der Beweis gegen ihn war unwiderlegbar.

C2 verb /ɪnˈhjuːm/

inhume

begraben

Meaning

to bury a dead body in the ground

Example

They inhumed the warrior with full honors.

Sie begruben den Krieger mit voller Ehre.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

unmoralisch

Meaning

Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.

Example

He was fired for his immoral behavior.

Er wurde wegen seines unmoralischen Verhaltens entlassen.

C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

drohen

Meaning

to be about to happen; to loom threateningly

Example

Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.

Dunkle Wolken deuteten darauf hin, dass ein Sturm bevorstand.

C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈsɑːrioʊ/

impresario

Impresario

Meaning

A person who organizes or finances concerts, plays, or operas.

Example

The impresario arranged a series of concerts for the rising star.

Der Impresario organisierte eine Reihe von Konzerten für den aufstrebenden Star.

C2 adjective ɪnˈdɒm.ɪ.tə.bəl

indomitable

unbezwingbar

Meaning

Impossible to subdue or defeat.

Example

Her indomitable spirit helped her overcome adversity.

Ihr unbezwungener Geist half ihr, Widrigkeiten zu überwinden.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊətɪv/

inchoative

incipient

Meaning

relating to the beginning of something; in an initial stage

Example

The poet used inchoative expressions to depict the dawn of creation.

Der Dichter benutzte inchoative Ausdrücke, um den Beginn der Schöpfung darzustellen.

C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

introvertiert

Meaning

A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.

Example

As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.

Als Introvertierter bevorzugte er es, zu lesen, anstatt zu Partys zu gehen.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

induktiv

Meaning

characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles

Example

The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.

Der Wissenschaftler verwendete induktives Denken, um eine Hypothese zu formulieren.

C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈlɪdɪti/

invalidity

Ungültigkeit

Meaning

the state of being invalid, legally void, or lacking force or validity

Example

The court ruled that the contract suffered from invalidity.

Das Gericht entschied, dass der Vertrag ungültig war.

A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

einladen

Meaning

to ask someone to come to an event or to do something

Example

We should invite all our friends to the party.

Wir sollten alle unsere Freunde zur Party einladen.

C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

beleidigende Sprache

Meaning

Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.

Example

The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.

Die Rede des Politikers war voller beleidigender Sprache gegen seine Gegner.

C2 noun /ˌɪn.strəˈmɛn.təl.ɪst/

instrumentalist

Instrumentalist

Meaning

A person who plays a musical instrument.

Example

The instrumentalist played a beautiful solo on the violin.

Der Instrumentalist spielte ein schönes Solo auf der Violine.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

unbedeutend

Meaning

Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.

Example

The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.

Die Kosten waren so unbedeutend, dass niemand sie bemerkte.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

ungeschickt

Meaning

lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent

Example

His inept handling of the situation made it worse.

Sein ungeschicktes Handling der Situation machte sie schlimmer.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

sorglos

Meaning

Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.

Example

He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.

Er zuckte sorglos mit den Schultern und ging weg.

C1 noun /aɪl/

isle

kleine Insel

Meaning

A small island or peninsula, often poetic or literary.

Example

They spent their honeymoon on a beautiful tropical isle.

Sie verbrachten ihre Hochzeitsreise auf einer wunderschönen tropischen Insel.

C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃər/

investiture

Investiturzeremonie

Meaning

the formal ceremony of conferring authority, rank, or office

Example

The king held an investiture ceremony for the new knight.

Der König hielt eine Investiturzeremonie für den neuen Ritter ab.

C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

Ineffizienz

Meaning

The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.

Example

Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.

Regierungsineffizienz führt zu langsamer Projektfertigstellung.

B2 noun ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti

immunity

immunität

Meaning

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.

Example

A strong immunity protects against infections.

Eine starke Immunität schützt vor Infektionen.

C1 noun /ɪnˈækjʊrəsi/

inaccuracy

Ungenauigkeit

Meaning

lack of accuracy or precision; an incorrect or wrong detail

Example

The report contained several factual inaccuracies.

Der Bericht enthielt mehrere Ungenauigkeiten.

C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

irreversibel

Meaning

Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.

Example

The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.

Der durch das Feuer verursachte Schaden war irreversibel.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

beeinflussen

Meaning

to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe

Example

The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.

Der Lärm von der Baustelle beeinflusst unsere täglichen Aktivitäten.

C2 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/

ineluctable

unvermeidlich

Meaning

Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.

Example

Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.

Der Tod ist ein unvermeidlicher Bestandteil der menschlichen Existenz.

C2 noun /ˌɪn.ɪˈbraɪ.ə.ti/

inebriety

Trunkenheit

Meaning

the state of being drunk or intoxicated

Example

His frequent inebriety led to the loss of his job.

Seine häufige Trunkenheit führte zum Verlust seiner Arbeit.

C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

introspektiv

Meaning

Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.

Example

Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.

Schriftsteller neigen dazu, hochgradig introspektive Individuen zu sein.

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

unzerlegbar

Meaning

impossible to reduce or simplify further

Example

The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.

Der Bruch 3/7 ist unzerlegbar.

C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

unaufhaltsame Armee

Meaning

This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.

Example

The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.

Die Rebellen fürchteten die unaufhaltsame Armee, die sich ihrer Festung näherte.

C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

götzenverehrend

Meaning

Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.

Example

The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.

Der alte Stamm war für seine götzendienstlichen Praktiken bekannt.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

unerträglich

Meaning

unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful

Example

The noise from the construction site was intolerable.

Der Lärm von der Baustelle war unerträglich.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

lebensloses Objekt

Meaning

not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless

Example

The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.

Das Museum war voller lebloser Objekte aus alten Zeiten.

B1 verb /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

interrupt

unterbrechen

Meaning

to stop someone from speaking or doing something by suddenly saying or doing something

Example

She tried not to interrupt while he was speaking.

Sie versuchte nicht zu unterbrechen, während er sprach.

A1 preposition /ɪn ˈfrʌnt əv/

in front of

vor

Meaning

positioned before or ahead of something; facing or located at the forward side of a person or object

Example

She stood in front of the building.

Sie stand vor dem Gebäude.

B2 noun ɪnˈfleɪʃən

inflation

Inflation

Meaning

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Example

Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers.

Inflation verringert die Kaufkraft der Verbraucher.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdɛkərəs/

indecorous

indekorös

Meaning

Not in keeping with good taste and propriety; improper.

Example

His indecorous behavior shocked the audience.

Sein indekoröses Verhalten schockierte das Publikum.

C1 noun /ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənsi/

insufficiency

Unzulänglichkeit

Meaning

The state of not being enough or not being adequate.

Example

The project failed due to the insufficiency of funds.

Das Projekt scheiterte aufgrund der Unzulänglichkeit von Mitteln.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

unbeschreiblich

Meaning

impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description

Example

The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.

Die Schönheit des Sonnenuntergangs war unbeschreiblich.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

unrein

Meaning

contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances

Example

The impure water caused health problems in the village.

Das unreine Wasser verursachte Gesundheitsprobleme im Dorf.

C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

Erbe

Meaning

a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies

Example

She became the inheritor of her family's estate.

Sie wurde die Erbin des Familienvermögens.

C1 verb /ɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪz/

immortalize

verewigen

Meaning

to preserve the memory of someone or something forever

Example

The statue was built to immortalize the hero’s sacrifice.

Die Statue wurde gebaut, um das Opfer des Helden zu verewigen.

C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

unerschöpflich

Meaning

Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.

Example

His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.

Seine unerschöpfliche Energie ermöglichte es ihm, unermüdlich an seinen Projekten zu arbeiten.

B1 adjective /aɪˈdiːəl/

unverbesserlich

Meaning

incapable of being corrected, improved, or reformed

Example

He is an incorrigible optimist who never loses hope.

Er ist ein unverbesserlicher Optimist, der niemals die Hoffnung verliert.