Irrefutable
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C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

unwiderlegbar
Meaning
impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable
Example
The evidence against him was irrefutable.
Der Beweis gegen ihn war unwiderlegbar.
B2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/

interpersonal

zwischenmenschlich
Meaning
Relating to relationships or communication between people.
Example
He has excellent interpersonal skills and gets along well with others.
Er hat ausgezeichnete zwischenmenschliche Fähigkeiten und kommt gut mit anderen aus.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

einmischen
Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
Er fühlte sich peinlich berührt, in ihr privates Gespräch einzutreten.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsɪstəns/

insistence

Insistenz
Meaning
the act of demanding something firmly or repeatedly
Example
At his insistence, we stayed longer.
Auf seine Insistenz hin blieben wir länger.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

indistinct

undeutlich
Meaning
Not clear or sharply defined; vague or blurred.
Example
The sound of voices was indistinct in the distance.
Der Klang der Stimmen war in der Ferne undeutlich.
A2 noun /ˈɪntəvjuː/

interview

Vorstellungsgespräch
Meaning
A meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.
Example
The interview was conducted in a calm and professional manner.
Das Vorstellungsgespräch wurde ruhig und professionell geführt.
A2 verb /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

introduce

vorstellen
Meaning
to present someone; to bring in for the first time
Example
Let me introduce you to my friend.
Lass mich dir meinen Freund vorstellen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

unaufhörlich
Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
Der unaufhörliche Lärm von der Baustelle erschwerte es, sich zu konzentrieren.
C1 verb /ɪnˈstɪl/

instill

einflößen
Meaning
to gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone's mind
Example
Parents try to instill good values in their children.
Eltern versuchen, ihren Kindern gute Werte beizubringen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

illegal
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
Die Polizei hat den illegalen Drogenhandel gestoppt.
C2 noun /ɪˈnænɪti/

inanity

Unsinn, Dummheit
Meaning
a nonsensical remark or action; silliness; emptiness
Example
The speech was full of inanities that bored the audience.
Die Rede war voller Unsinn, der das Publikum langweilte.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

verarmen
Meaning
To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.
Example
The long war impoverished the entire nation.
Der lange Krieg hat die ganze Nation verarmt.
B1 noun ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns

intelligence

Intelligenz
Meaning
The ability to learn, understand, and think in a logical way about things
Example
Intelligence is key in AI development.
Intelligenz ist der Schlüssel zur KI-Entwicklung.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

impossible

unmöglich
Meaning
not able to occur, exist, or be done
Example
It is impossible to finish this work in one day.
Es ist unmöglich, diese Arbeit an einem Tag zu beenden.
C2 noun /ɪnˈɛrənsi/

inerrancy

Unfehlbarkeit
Meaning
the belief or quality of being free from error; absolute correctness
Example
Some religious groups strongly affirm the inerrancy of their sacred texts.
Einige religiöse Gruppen bekräftigen nachdrücklich die Unfehlbarkeit ihrer heiligen Schriften.
B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv

immersive

immersiv
Meaning
Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.
Example
Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.
Virtuelle Realität schafft eine immersive Lernumgebung.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrstɪs/

interstice

Spalt
Meaning
a small space that lies between things
Example
Light filtered through the narrow interstices of the wall.
Das Licht filterte durch die schmalen Spalten der Wand.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒvɪdənt/

improvident

unbedacht
Meaning
Not having or showing foresight; spending wastefully or without thought for the future.
Example
His improvident habits left him with no savings.
Seine unbedachten Gewohnheiten ließen ihn ohne Ersparnisse zurück.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

Beleuchtung
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
Die Lampe fungierte als Beleuchtung in der dunklen Höhle.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈsɛl.jʊ.lər/

intracellular

innerhalb der Zelle
Meaning
Located or occurring within a cell.
Example
The drug works by targeting intracellular bacteria.
Das Medikament wirkt, indem es intrazelluläre Bakterien anvisiert.
C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

disharmonisch
Meaning
lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune
Example
The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.
Die disharmonischen Geräusche vom kaputten Klavier zwangen alle, sich die Ohren zuzuhalten.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈɪndiən/

indian

indisch
Meaning
Relating to India, its people, or their culture.
Example
She loves Indian food, especially biryani.
Sie liebt indisches Essen, besonders Biryani.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

entzündlich; brennbar
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
Das entzündliche Material brannte schnell.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəs/

imperious

imperiös
Meaning
Arrogantly domineering or overbearing.
Example
Her imperious tone made it hard for others to argue.
Ihr imperiöser Ton machte es anderen schwer, zu argumentieren.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

unrein
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
Das unreine Wasser verursachte Gesundheitsprobleme im Dorf.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɪˌspɑn.sə.bəl/

Irresponsible

verantwortungslos
Meaning
lacking a sense of responsibility; careless
Example
It was irresponsible of him to leave without telling anyone.
Es war verantwortungslos von ihm, ohne jemandem Bescheid zu sagen zu gehen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnæprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

inapprehensible

unverständlich
Meaning
not understandable; incomprehensible
Example
The concept was so abstract that it seemed inapprehensible to most students.
Das Konzept war so abstrakt, dass es für die meisten Studenten unverständlich schien.
B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

steigend
Meaning
Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.
Example
Increasing awareness about education is necessary.
Das Bewusstsein über Bildung zu steigern ist notwendig.
B2 adjective /aɪˈdentɪkəl/

Identical

identisch; genau gleich
Meaning
exactly the same; not different in any way
Example
The twins look completely identical to each other.
Die Zwillinge sehen völlig identisch aus.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpruːdənt/

imprudent

unbedacht
Meaning
Not showing care for the consequences of an action.
Example
It was imprudent to drive in such stormy weather.
Es war unbedacht, bei solchem Sturmwetter zu fahren.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

Anreize
Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
Steueranreize werden verwendet, um Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien zu fördern.
B1 verb /ɪmˈpɔːrt/

import

importieren
Meaning
to bring goods or services into a country from abroad; to transfer data
Example
The country imports oil from abroad.
Das Land importiert Öl aus dem Ausland.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

ungültig
Meaning
Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.
Example
The court declared the contract invalid.
Das Gericht erklärte den Vertrag für ungültig.
B1 noun /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/

insurance

Versicherung
Meaning
An arrangement by which a company provides compensation for loss, damage, or illness in return for a premium.
Example
He bought health insurance to cover medical expenses.
Er hat eine Krankenversicherung abgeschlossen, um medizinische Kosten abzudecken.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɪkeɪt/

imprecate

verfluchen
Meaning
To utter a curse or invoke evil upon someone.
Example
The old woman imprecated her enemies with dark words.
Die alte Frau verfluchte ihre Feinde mit dunklen Worten.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/

importantly

wichtigerweise
Meaning
in a way that is of great significance or value
Example
Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.
Wichtigerweise hebt der Bericht die Notwendigkeit sofortiger Maßnahmen hervor.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

schwach
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
Der schwache alte Mann brauchte Hilfe, um zu gehen.
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

eigenartig und individuell
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
Sein idiosynkratisches Verhalten unterschied ihn von seinen Kollegen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

nebenkosten
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Nebenkosten wie Snacks und Trinkgelder wurden in die Rechnung aufgenommen.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

Darm
Meaning
The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.
Example
The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
Der Arzt erklärte, wie Nährstoffe im Dünndarm aufgenommen werden.
B2 adjective /ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl/

insightful

einsichtig
Meaning
Showing deep understanding or perceptiveness.
Example
The professor gave an insightful lecture on global economics.
Der Professor hielt einen aufschlussreichen Vortrag über die globale Wirtschaft.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpruːvd/

improved

verbessert
Meaning
made better or enhanced in quality or condition
Example
Her health has significantly improved since last month.
Ihre Gesundheit hat sich seit letztem Monat erheblich verbessert.
B2 noun ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən

intervention

Eingreifen
Meaning
The action or process of intervening; involvement in a situation to improve or help it.
Example
The intervention of the UN was crucial in resolving the conflict.
Das Eingreifen der UNO war entscheidend für die Beilegung des Konflikts.
B1 verb /ɪnˈsɪst/

insist

bestehen
Meaning
to demand firmly; to state persistently
Example
He insisted on paying the bill.
Er bestand darauf, die Rechnung zu bezahlen.
C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

Unregelmäßigkeit
Meaning
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
Example
The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.
Die Prüfung deckte mehrere finanzielle Unregelmäßigkeiten in den Unterlagen des Unternehmens auf.
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

zornig
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
Der Kunde wurde zornig, nachdem er stundenlang gewartet hatte.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

Ungehorsam
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
Der Soldat wurde für Ungehorsam während der Mission bestraft.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

unangemessen
Meaning
not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate
Example
His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.
Seine unangemessene Bemerkung ruinierte die Atmosphäre des Treffens.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːʃən/

insertion

Einfügung
Meaning
the action of inserting something into something else
Example
The insertion of the new data was completed successfully.
Die Einfügung der neuen Daten wurde erfolgreich abgeschlossen.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

impatient

ungeduldig
Meaning
Not able to wait calmly; restless and eager for something to happen.
Example
She grew impatient while waiting in the long queue.
Sie wurde ungeduldig, während sie in der langen Schlange wartete.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːn/

impugn

die Wahrheit, Gültigkeit oder Ehrlichkeit einer Aussage oder Absicht bestreiten
Meaning
to dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of a statement or motive
Example
The lawyer tried to impugn the credibility of the witness.
Der Anwalt versuchte, die Glaubwürdigkeit des Zeugen anzufechten.
B2 verb /ɪmˈprɪzən/

imprison

einsperren
Meaning
to put someone in prison; to confine or restrict someone's freedom
Example
The judge imprisoned the criminal for five years.
Der Richter hat den Verbrecher für fünf Jahre eingesperrt.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnt/

intent

Absicht
Meaning
the purpose or reason behind an action; a strong determination to do something
Example
Her intent was to improve the quality of education in the community.
Ihre Absicht war es, die Qualität der Bildung in der Gemeinschaft zu verbessern.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

unbedeutend
Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.
Die Kosten waren so unbedeutend, dass niemand sie bemerkte.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

Unterlassungsverfügung
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
Das Gericht erließ eine Unterlassungsverfügung, um das Unternehmen daran zu hindern, den Fluss zu verschmutzen.
C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

reisend
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.
Example
The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.
Der reisende Lehrer zog von Dorf zu Dorf, um Kinder zu unterrichten.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

incitement

Anstiftung
Meaning
the action of provoking unlawful or violent behavior
Example
He was arrested for incitement to riot.
Er wurde wegen Anstiftung zur Gewalt verhaftet.
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

befall, das Vorhandensein einer ungewöhnlich großen Anzahl von Insekten oder Tieren an einem Ort
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
Die Insektenplage in der Küche führte zu sofortigen Maßnahmen zur Schädlingsbekämpfung.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

indirekt
Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
Die Politik beeinflusste kleine Unternehmen indirekt.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tər/

Interpreter

Dolmetscher; Übersetzer;
Meaning
a person who translates orally from one language into another; someone who explains meaning
Example
The international conference hired professional interpreters to translate speeches in real time.
Die internationale Konferenz engagierte professionelle Dolmetscher, um Reden in Echtzeit zu übersetzen.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

impatience

Ungeduld
Meaning
The state of being quickly irritated or unable to wait calmly.
Example
His impatience grew as the meeting dragged on.
Seine Ungeduld wuchs, als sich das Treffen in die Länge zog.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nət.li/

Indiscriminately

indiskriminierend
Meaning
without making careful distinctions; randomly; without discrimination
Example
The company fired employees indiscriminately without considering their performance.
Das Unternehmen entließ die Mitarbeiter ohne Rücksicht auf ihre Leistung.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

Heiden
Meaning
a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own
Example
In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.
In historischen Kontexten bezeichneten Kreuzfahrer ihre Feinde oft als Heiden.
C2 verb ɪmˈbaɪb

imbibe

aufnehmen, assimilieren, trinken
Meaning
Absorb or assimilate ideas or knowledge. To drink or take in.
Example
He tried to imbibe the wisdom from his mentor.
Er versuchte, die Weisheit von seinem Mentor aufzunehmen.
B2 noun ɪˈlɪtərəsi

illiteracy

Illiteralismus
Meaning
The inability to read and write; lack of education or knowledge in a particular area.
Example
Illiteracy often leads to poverty and unemployment.
Illiteralismus führt oft zu Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒəns/

intransigence

Unnachgiebigkeit
Meaning
Refusal to change one's views or to agree about something.
Example
The negotiations failed due to the intransigence of both parties.
Die Verhandlungen scheiterten aufgrund der Unnachgiebigkeit beider Parteien.
C2 adjective/noun /ɪnˈkɑːrnədiːn/

incarnadine

lebenskräftiges rot
Meaning
a bright crimson or pinkish-red color
Example
The sky turned incarnadine at sunset.
Der Himmel wurde beim Sonnenuntergang lebendig rot.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

Infiltration, heimlicher Zugang
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
Cybersicherheit verhindert die Infiltration in sensible Daten.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

einladen
Meaning
to ask someone to come to an event or to do something
Example
We should invite all our friends to the party.
Wir sollten alle unsere Freunde zur Party einladen.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/

incorporate

inkorporieren
Meaning
to include something as part of a whole; to form a corporation
Example
The new design incorporates advanced technology.
Das neue Design inkorporiert fortschrittliche Technologie.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

Intensivierung
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
Die Intensivierung des Klimawandels erfordert dringende Maßnahmen.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

Inkompatibilität
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Das Projekt scheiterte wegen der Inkompatibilität zwischen den beiden Softwaresystemen.
B2 verb /ɪtʃ/

itch

Juckreiz
Meaning
to feel an urge to scratch; to have a restless desire
Example
My skin itches from the mosquito bites.
Meine Haut juckt wegen der Mückenstiche.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

gleichgültig
Meaning
having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another
Example
She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.
Sie war gleichgültig gegenüber dem Ausgang des Spiels.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl̩/

insatiable

unersättlich
Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
Her insatiable curiosity drove her to read every book in the library.
Ihre unersättliche Neugier trieb sie dazu, jedes Buch in der Bibliothek zu lesen.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

impatiently

ungeduldig
Meaning
in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting
Example
She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.
Sie klopfte ungeduldig mit den Fingern, während sie auf die Antwort wartete.
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛfrəɡəbəl/

irrefragable

unwiderlegbar
Meaning
Impossible to refute, deny, or break
Example
The lawyer presented irrefragable evidence that proved his client’s innocence.
Der Anwalt präsentierte unwiderlegbare Beweise, die die Unschuld seines Mandanten belegten.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/

ironical

ironisch
Meaning
expressing irony; having the nature of irony
Example
Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Ihr ironischer Ton machte alle unwohl.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

Glück
Meaning
to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct
Example
Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɪpɪd/

insipid

geschmacklos
Meaning
lacking flavor, interest, or excitement; dull
Example
The soup was insipid and needed more seasoning.
Die Suppe war geschmacklos und brauchte mehr Gewürze.
C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

ärgern
Meaning
to annoy or irritate someone
Example
It irks me when people are late without calling.
Es ärgert mich, wenn Leute ohne anzurufen zu spät kommen.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

befallen
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
Das alte Haus war von Ratten befallen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

unwiderruflich
Meaning
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
Example
She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.
Sie traf eine unwiderrufliche Entscheidung, das Unternehmen zu verlassen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈhjuːm/

inhume

begraben
Meaning
to bury a dead body in the ground
Example
They inhumed the warrior with full honors.
Sie begruben den Krieger mit voller Ehre.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

irreparabel
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
Der Unfall verursachte irreparable Schäden an seiner Wirbelsäule.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

unzerstörbar
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Es wurde gesagt, dass das Schild des Superhelden unzerstörbar war.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

unmerklich
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
Der Fehler war so unmerklich, dass er die Ergebnisse nicht beeinflusste.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

verzücken
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Er war von ihrer Schönheit verzaubert.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplaɪəbl/

impliable

implizierbar
Meaning
Capable of being implied or suggested.
Example
The meaning of the statement is not directly clear but is impliable from the context.
Die Bedeutung der Aussage ist nicht direkt klar, aber sie ist aus dem Kontext implizierbar.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnʃənt/

insentient

gefühllos
Meaning
Lacking perception, consciousness, or sensation.
Example
The rock is an insentient object with no awareness.
Der Felsen ist ein gefühlloses Objekt ohne Bewusstsein.
C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

verehren
Meaning
To admire or worship someone excessively.
Example
Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.
Fans verehren oft Prominente für ihr Talent und ihren Lebensstil.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

Anrufung
Meaning
the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration
Example
The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.
Die Zeremonie begann mit einer Anrufung der Götter.
B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

innovative Werkzeuge
Meaning
Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.
Example
Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.
Lehrer verwenden innovative Werkzeuge, um das Lernen im Klassenzimmer zu verbessern.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən/

incantation

Zauberspruch
Meaning
a series of words used as a magic spell or charm
Example
The wizard chanted an incantation to summon the spirits.
Der Zauberer sprach einen Zauberspruch, um die Geister zu beschwören.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

unaufhaltsam
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Sie konnte ihre unaufhaltsame Lust zu lachen während der Rede nicht verbergen.
C2 noun /ˈɪndɪkənt/

indicant

anzeiger
Meaning
Something that indicates or points to a fact or condition.
Example
High fever is often an indicant of infection.
Hoher Fieber ist oft ein Anzeiger für eine Infektion.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

bevorstehend
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
Die Dorfbewohner waren besorgt über die bevorstehende Flut.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

unangemessen
Meaning
not suitable or proper in the circumstances
Example
It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.
Es war unangemessen, in der Bibliothek laut zu sprechen.
C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

unaufhaltsame Armee
Meaning
This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.
Example
The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.
Die Rebellen fürchteten die unaufhaltsame Armee, die sich ihrer Festung näherte.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

vermitteln
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
Der Lehrer vermittelte wertvolles Wissen an seine Schüler.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

Inquisition
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
Der Journalist wurde einem harten Verhör durch das Panel über seine Quellen unterzogen.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

drohen
Meaning
to be about to happen; to loom threateningly
Example
Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.
Dunkle Wolken deuteten darauf hin, dass ein Sturm bevorstand.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

unverzichtbare Unterstützung
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
Freiwillige leisten unverzichtbare Unterstützung für Gemeinschaften.
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡrɑːft/

ingraft

verankern
Meaning
To implant or fix deeply, often used in the sense of grafting an idea or quality.
Example
The teacher tried to ingraft good manners in the students.
Der Lehrer versuchte, gute Manieren bei den Schülern zu verankern.
C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

überschwemmen, jemanden oder etwas mit Dingen oder Menschen überfluten, die bearbeitet werden müssen
Meaning
To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with
Example
The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.
Das Unternehmen wurde nach der Werbung mit Anfragen überflutet.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsɜːrnəbl/

indiscernible

undurchsichtig
Meaning
Impossible or difficult to see, notice, or distinguish.
Example
The difference between the two shades was almost indiscernible.
Der Unterschied zwischen den beiden Farbtönen war fast undurchsichtig.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsiv, spontan
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Sie traf eine impulsive Entscheidung, das Auto zu kaufen.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/

impuissance

Ohnmacht, Unfähigkeit
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
Die Ohnmacht der Regierung angesichts der Krise frustrierte die Bevölkerung.
C1 verb /ˌɪntəˈsɛkt/

intersect

schneiden
Meaning
to cross or pass through each other
Example
The two roads intersect at the city center.
Die zwei Straßen schneiden sich im Stadtzentrum.
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

beleuchten
Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
Straßenlaternen beleuchten die Straße in der Nacht.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl/

Influential

einflussreich; mächtig
Meaning
having great influence on someone or something; powerful; persuasive
Example
She is an influential leader in the community.
Sie ist eine einflussreiche Führungskraft in der Gemeinschaft.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

unvergleichlich
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
Der Ausblick vom Berg war unvergleichlich.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

inopportune

ungünstiger Moment
Meaning
Happening at a bad or inconvenient time.
Example
His call came at the most inopportune moment.
Sein Anruf kam im ungünstigsten Moment.
B2 verb /ˈɪnəveɪt/

innovate

innovieren
Meaning
To introduce new methods, ideas, or products.
Example
The company must innovate to stay ahead of its competitors.
Das Unternehmen muss innovieren, um seinen Konkurrenten voraus zu bleiben.
B1 noun ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

initiative

Initiative
Meaning
An act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something.
Example
NASA's initiative to return humans to the Moon is ambitious.
Die Initiative der NASA, Menschen zum Mond zurückzubringen, ist ehrgeizig.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

Vermittler
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
Er trat als Vermittler auf, um den Konflikt zwischen den beiden Familien zu lösen.
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

inzidenz
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
Die Inzidenz von Straßenunfällen ist in diesem Jahr gesenkt worden.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn/

importune

beständig bitten
Meaning
To ask someone persistently or pressingly for something
Example
The child importuned his mother for a new toy.
Das Kind beständigte seine Mutter um ein neues Spielzeug.
B2 noun ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən

inflammation

Entzündung
Meaning
A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful.
Example
Chronic inflammation can lead to severe diseases.
Chronische Entzündung kann zu schweren Krankheiten führen.
C2 noun /ˈɪrɪɡənt/

irrigant

Bewässerungsflüssigkeit
Meaning
A liquid used for irrigation, especially in medical or agricultural contexts.
Example
The doctor used a sterile irrigant during the procedure.
Der Arzt verwendete während des Verfahrens ein steriles Bewässerungsflüssigkeit.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

Irreverenz
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Seine Witze über Religion zeigten Irreverenz gegenüber den heiligen Traditionen.