investigation
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B1 noun /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

investigation

untersuchung
Meaning
the process of inquiring into or examining something carefully to find the truth
Example
The investigation revealed new evidence about the fraud.
Die Untersuchung enthüllte neue Beweise für den Betrug.
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

inzidenz
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
Die Inzidenz von Straßenunfällen ist in diesem Jahr gesenkt worden.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪtʃər/

investiture

Investiturzeremonie
Meaning
the formal ceremony of conferring authority, rank, or office
Example
The king held an investiture ceremony for the new knight.
Der König hielt eine Investiturzeremonie für den neuen Ritter ab.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

irish

Glück
Meaning
relating to Ireland, its people, or its language
Example
The Irish countryside is very beautiful.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
B1 adjective ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt

independent

unabhängig
Meaning
Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence; free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
Example
An independent institution ensures transparency in governance.
Eine unabhängige Institution sorgt für Transparenz in der Regierungsführung.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

sofortig
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Die Temperaturänderung war fast sofortig.
C1 noun ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənsi

interdependency

Interdependenz
Meaning
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Example
The interdependency of the countries led to greater cooperation.
Die Interdependenz der Länder führte zu mehr Zusammenarbeit.
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

Einschüchterung
Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
Die Arbeiter berichteten über Fälle von Einschüchterung durch das Management.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/

inconsistency

Inkonsistenz
Meaning
The quality of being contradictory, irregular, or not staying the same.
Example
There is an inconsistency between his words and actions.
Es gibt eine Inkonsistenz zwischen seinen Worten und Taten.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

unalienierbar
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
Die Meinungsfreiheit ist ein unalienierbares Recht.
A1 noun /ˈɪntənet/

internet

globales Computernetzwerk
Meaning
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.
Example
The internet has revolutionized the way we access information.
Das Internet hat die Art und Weise revolutioniert, wie wir auf Informationen zugreifen.
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

eingeweiht
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
Die Organisation wurde offiziell eingeweiht.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

magmatisch
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
Granit ist ein magmatisches Gestein, das häufig im Bauwesen verwendet wird.
C2 noun /ɪnˈdɛntʃər/

indenture

Vertrag
Meaning
A formal legal agreement, contract, or document, often relating to work or service.
Example
In the 18th century, many workers came under indenture to work overseas.
Im 18. Jahrhundert kamen viele Arbeiter unter Vertrag, um im Ausland zu arbeiten.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/

infantile

kindlich
Meaning
characteristic of an infant; childish
Example
His infantile behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
Sein kindliches Verhalten peinigte alle in der Besprechung.
B1 noun /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

Influence

Einfluss; Macht
Meaning
the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something
Example
The teacher's positive influence helped the student overcome his learning difficulties.
Der positive Einfluss des Lehrers half dem Schüler, seine Lernschwierigkeiten zu überwinden.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

Bedeutungslosigkeit
Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
Er fühlte ein Gefühl der Bedeutungslosigkeit im weiten Universum.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkrɛdɪbli/

incredibly

unglaublich
Meaning
to a great degree; extremely or unbelievably
Example
The view from the top of the mountain was incredibly beautiful.
Der Blick vom Gipfel des Berges war unglaublich schön.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

ungeschickt
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
Sein ungeschicktes Handling der Situation machte sie schlimmer.
B2 noun ˈɪnər strɛŋkθ

inner strength

innere Stärke
Meaning
Mental or spiritual power that helps a person cope with difficulties.
Example
Community service fosters inner strength in individuals.
Gemeinnützige Arbeit fördert die innere Stärke in Einzelpersonen.
A2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/

introduction

Einführung
Meaning
the action of introducing something or someone; an opening or beginning part
Example
The professor gave a brief introduction before starting the lecture.
Der Professor gab eine kurze Einführung, bevor er die Vorlesung begann.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/

ironical

ironisch
Meaning
expressing irony; having the nature of irony
Example
Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Ihr ironischer Ton machte alle unwohl.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

anstacheln
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
Seine Rede hat die Menge zu Gewalt angestachelt.
C2 noun /ˈaɪdɪl/

idyll

idyllische Szene
Meaning
An extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque episode or scene, often idealized.
Example
Their honeymoon was an idyll on a tropical island.
Ihre Hochzeitsreise war eine idyllische Szene auf einer tropischen Insel.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/

intriguing

sehr interessant und ungewöhnlich; weckt Neugier
Meaning
very interesting and unusual; arousing curiosity
Example
The movie has an intriguing plot that keeps the audience hooked.
Der Film hat eine interessante Handlung, die das Publikum fesselt.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

versichern
Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
Ich muss mein neues Auto versichern.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒntɪnənt/

incontinent

inkontinent
Meaning
lacking control over urination or defecation; lacking self-restraint
Example
The patient was incontinent after surgery.
Der Patient war nach der Operation inkontinent.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɛmnɪfaɪ/

indemnify

entschädigen
Meaning
to compensate someone for harm or loss; to secure against future damage or cost
Example
The insurance company agreed to indemnify the client for the damages.
Die Versicherungsgesellschaft stimmte zu, den Kunden für die Schäden zu entschädigen.
B2 noun /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

interruption

Unterbrechung
Meaning
the act of stopping or breaking the continuity of something; a pause caused by an external action
Example
The meeting was delayed due to an unexpected interruption.
Das Treffen wurde wegen einer unerwarteten Unterbrechung verschoben.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

unwiderruflich
Meaning
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
Example
She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.
Sie traf eine unwiderrufliche Entscheidung, das Unternehmen zu verlassen.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

Introspektion
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Durch Introspektion gewann sie tiefere Einblicke in ihre Emotionen.
B1 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/

impolite

unhöflich
Meaning
Not showing good manners; rude.
Example
It is impolite to interrupt someone while they are speaking.
Es ist unhöflich, jemanden zu unterbrechen, während er spricht.
B2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

Irresistible

unwiderstehlich
Meaning
too attractive and tempting to be resisted; impossible to resist
Example
The chocolate cake was absolutely irresistible.
Der Schokoladenkuchen war absolut unwiderstehlich.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

aufgeblasen
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
Das Unternehmen sah sich wegen seiner aufgeblasenen Preise Kritik ausgesetzt.
A1 adjective /ɪmˈpɔː.tənt/

important

wichtig
Meaning
Of great significance or value; likely to have a profound effect on success, survival, or well-being.
Example
Important steps must be taken to address pollution.
Wichtige Schritte müssen unternommen werden, um die Verschmutzung zu bekämpfen.
B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

islamisch
Meaning
relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings
Example
The city has many Islamic cultural centers.
Die Stadt hat viele islamische Kulturzentren.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

Zwischenakt
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
Es gab ein kurzes musikalisches Intermezzo zwischen den beiden Akten des Stücks.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

sorglos
Meaning
Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.
Example
He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.
Er zuckte sorglos mit den Schultern und ging weg.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈkeɪʃən/

invocation

Anrufung
Meaning
the act of calling upon a higher power for help, blessing, or inspiration
Example
The ceremony began with an invocation to the gods.
Die Zeremonie begann mit einer Anrufung der Götter.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

unwesentlich
Meaning
not necessary or important; not essential
Example
The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.
Der Bericht entfernt alle unwesentlichen Details, um fokussiert zu bleiben.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜː.mə.ti/

Infirmity

Schwäche; Krankheit; Gebrechlichkeit
Meaning
physical or mental weakness; a disease or ailment; frailty
Example
Despite his advanced age and various infirmities, he remained mentally sharp and alert.
Trotz seines fortgeschrittenen Alters und verschiedener Gebrechen blieb er geistig scharf und wachsam.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

indirekt
Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
Die Politik beeinflusste kleine Unternehmen indirekt.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɪˌspɑn.sə.bəl/

Irresponsible

verantwortungslos
Meaning
lacking a sense of responsibility; careless
Example
It was irresponsible of him to leave without telling anyone.
Es war verantwortungslos von ihm, ohne jemandem Bescheid zu sagen zu gehen.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

Unbescheidenheit
Meaning
lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper
Example
The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.
Der Artikel wurde wegen seines Tons der Unbescheidenheit kritisiert.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪn/

insane

verrückt
Meaning
mentally ill; extremely foolish or unreasonable
Example
The idea of jumping off the cliff seemed insane.
Die Idee, von der Klippe zu springen, schien verrückt.
B2 noun /ˈaɪrəni/

irony

Ironie
Meaning
a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected; the use of words to convey the opposite meaning
Example
The irony of the situation was that the winner forgot his own prize.
Die Ironie der Situation war, dass der Gewinner seinen eigenen Preis vergessen hatte.
B2 noun /ˈaɪkɒn/

icon

Ikone, Symbol
Meaning
A person or thing regarded as a symbol of something, or a graphic symbol on a screen.
Example
The singer became a cultural icon.
Der Sänger wurde zu einer kulturellen Ikone.
A2 noun/verb /ˈɪntrəst/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛst/

interest

Interesse / Zinsen
Meaning
A feeling of curiosity or concern about something; or money paid for the use of borrowed money.
Example
He showed great interest in learning new languages.
Er zeigte großes Interesse daran, neue Sprachen zu lernen.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

reizbar
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
Sein reizbares Wesen brachte ihn oft in Schwierigkeiten.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɒktrɪˌneɪt/

indoctrinate

indoktrinieren
Meaning
To teach someone to fully accept a set of beliefs or ideas without question.
Example
The regime tried to indoctrinate the youth with propaganda.
Das Regime versuchte, die Jugend mit Propaganda zu indoktrinieren.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrməl/

Informal

informell; entspannt; locker
Meaning
relaxed and friendly; not official or ceremonial; casual
Example
The meeting was informal and relaxed.
Das Treffen war informell und entspannt.
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

Zwischenfruchtanbau
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
Der Zwischenfruchtanbau kann helfen, die Bodenfruchtbarkeit und die Schädlingsbekämpfung zu verbessern.
B2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən/

intersection

Kreuzung
Meaning
a point where two or more things intersect, especially a road or path
Example
The intersection of Main Street and 5th Avenue is always busy.
Die Kreuzung der Main Street und der 5th Avenue ist immer befahren.
C2 adjective /aɪˈdɒlətrəs/

idolatrous

idolatär
Meaning
Excessively admiring or worshipping someone or something as an idol.
Example
The king was criticized for his idolatrous devotion to wealth.
Der König wurde wegen seiner idolatären Hingabe an den Reichtum kritisiert.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/

imperial

imperial
Meaning
Relating to an empire or emperor; having supreme authority.
Example
The imperial palace was a symbol of the emperor's power.
Der imperial Palast war ein Symbol für die Macht des Kaisers.
B1 verb /ɪmˈpɔːrt/

import

importieren
Meaning
to bring goods or services into a country from abroad; to transfer data
Example
The country imports oil from abroad.
Das Land importiert Öl aus dem Ausland.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

unerträglich
Meaning
Too extreme or difficult to be endured.
Example
The heat was insupportable during the long journey.
Die Hitze war unerträglich während der langen Reise.
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

involvieren
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
Die Beweise implierten mehrere Beamte in den Skandal.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si

insolvency

Insolvenz
Meaning
The state of being unable to pay debts owed; bankruptcy.
Example
The company declared insolvency after years of losses.
Das Unternehmen erklärte nach Jahren der Verluste Insolvenz.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.kɒn/

ikon

religiöses Bild oder Symbol
Meaning
A religious image or symbol, especially in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Example
The church displayed a beautifully painted ikon of the Virgin Mary.
Die Kirche zeigte ein wunderschön gemaltes Ikon der Jungfrau Maria.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

Zufluss
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
Der Zufluss von Touristen hat die lokale Wirtschaft angekurbelt.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

Inkarnation
Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
Der Mönch wurde als die Inkarnation des Mitgefühls betrachtet.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/

invited

eingeladen
Meaning
asked someone formally or politely to go somewhere or do something
Example
She was invited to the party.
Sie wurde zur Party eingeladen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnæprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

inapprehensible

unverständlich
Meaning
not understandable; incomprehensible
Example
The concept was so abstract that it seemed inapprehensible to most students.
Das Konzept war so abstrakt, dass es für die meisten Studenten unverständlich schien.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplaɪəbl/

impliable

implizierbar
Meaning
Capable of being implied or suggested.
Example
The meaning of the statement is not directly clear but is impliable from the context.
Die Bedeutung der Aussage ist nicht direkt klar, aber sie ist aus dem Kontext implizierbar.
A2 noun /ˈɪndʒəri/

injury

Verletzung
Meaning
Harm or damage to a person’s body caused by an accident or attack.
Example
He suffered a serious injury during the football match.
Er erlitt eine schwere Verletzung während des Fußballspiels.
B1 noun /ɪmˈprɛʃən/

impression

Eindruck, Konzept
Meaning
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone
Example
The book gave me a good first impression.
Das Buch hinterließ bei mir einen guten ersten Eindruck.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/

impulsive

impulsiv, spontan
Meaning
acting suddenly without careful thought
Example
She made an impulsive decision to buy the car.
Sie traf eine impulsive Entscheidung, das Auto zu kaufen.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

unparteiisch; neutral
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
Ein guter Richter muss während des gesamten Prozesses unparteiisch bleiben.
B2 verb aɪˈdɛntɪfaɪd

identified

identifiziert
Meaning
To recognize or establish who or what someone or something is.
Example
The root causes of the issue need to be identified.
Die Grundursachen des Problems müssen identifiziert werden.
A2 adjective /ɪl/

Ill

krank; unwohl; in schlechter Gesundheit
Meaning
sick; unwell; in poor health
Example
He felt ill and decided to stay home from work.
Er fühlte sich krank und entschied sich, von der Arbeit zu Hause zu bleiben.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɛl.ɪˈdʒɛntsi.ə/

intelligentsia

Intelligenzija
Meaning
The group of people engaged in intellectual and cultural pursuits in a society.
Example
The intelligentsia played a key role in shaping public opinion.
Die Intelligenzija spielte eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Bildung der öffentlichen Meinung.
B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

implication

Implikation
Meaning
A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.
Example
The implication of climate change is severe.
Die Implikation des Klimawandels ist schwerwiegend.
C1 adjective /ˈɪndɪɡoʊ bluː/

Indigo-blue

indigoblau
Meaning
a deep blue color with a purplish tinge
Example
The indigo-blue sky looked magnificent at twilight.
Der indigoblaue Himmel sah bei Dämmerung wunderschön aus.
C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

Interkonnektivität
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
Der Aufstieg der Interkonnektivität hat die weltweite Kommunikation verändert.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

Aufständischer
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
Die Armee verhaftete mehrere Aufständische nach dem Angriff.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

immateriell
Meaning
Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.
Example
Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.
Vertrauen ist eine immaterielle Eigenschaft in Beziehungen.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈædɪkwət/

inadequate

unzureichend
Meaning
Not sufficient or good enough.
Example
The funding was inadequate to complete the project.
Die Finanzierung war unzureichend, um das Projekt abzuschließen.
B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

analphabet; ungebildet; unwissend
Meaning
unable to read or write; lacking education
Example
The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.
Das Programm zielt darauf ab, analphabetische Erwachsene beim Lernen von Lesen und Schreiben zu unterstützen.
C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

ärgern
Meaning
to annoy or irritate someone
Example
It irks me when people are late without calling.
Es ärgert mich, wenn Leute ohne anzurufen zu spät kommen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsteɪbəl/

instable

instabil
Meaning
not stable; liable to change, collapse, or fail; lacking firmness or reliability
Example
The instable political situation worried foreign investors.
Die instabile politische Lage beunruhigte ausländische Investoren.
C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

überschwemmen, jemanden oder etwas mit Dingen oder Menschen überfluten, die bearbeitet werden müssen
Meaning
To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with
Example
The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.
Das Unternehmen wurde nach der Werbung mit Anfragen überflutet.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

berüchtigt
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Der Diktator war berüchtigt für seine Grausamkeit.
A2 preposition /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

including

einschließlich
Meaning
used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group
Example
Many people attended the event, including students and teachers.
Viele Menschen nahmen an der Veranstaltung teil, einschließlich Studenten und Lehrern.
B1 noun /ˈɪnpʊt/

input

Eingabe, bereitgestellte Informationen
Meaning
information, advice, or data that is put into a system, device, or process
Example
The manager asked for everyone's input on the new project.
Der Manager bat um die Meinung aller zum neuen Projekt.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

Hindernisse
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
Wirtschaftliche Hindernisse behindern oft die soziale Entwicklung.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

ineinandergreifen
Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
Die Zahnräder greifen ineinander, um eine reibungslose Bewegung der Maschine zu gewährleisten.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

inaktiv
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
Der Vulkan ist seit über einem Jahrhundert inaktiv.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

Eintauchen
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
Das Eintauchen in VR-Spiele lässt die Benutzer das Gefühl haben, als wären sie in der virtuellen Welt.
C1 noun ˌɪn.fɪlˈtreɪ.ʃən

infiltration

Infiltration, heimlicher Zugang
Meaning
The process of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously.
Example
Cybersecurity prevents infiltration into sensitive data.
Cybersicherheit verhindert die Infiltration in sensible Daten.
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

Unflexibilität
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
Die Unflexibilität der Regeln verursachte unnötige Verzögerungen.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

impatient

ungeduldig
Meaning
Not able to wait calmly; restless and eager for something to happen.
Example
She grew impatient while waiting in the long queue.
Sie wurde ungeduldig, während sie in der langen Schlange wartete.
C1 adjective /ˈaɪərnˌklæd/

ironclad

eiserne
Meaning
impossible to change, break, or dispute; very strong and firm
Example
The company had an ironclad contract with its suppliers.
Das Unternehmen hatte einen eisernen Vertrag mit seinen Lieferanten.
B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

zufügen
Meaning
to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something
Example
The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.
Der Sturm fügte der Stadt erheblichen Schaden zu.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

zunächst
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
Zu Beginn lehnte er das Angebot ab, nahm es später jedoch an.
A1 preposition /ˈɪntuː/

into

hinein
Meaning
expressing movement or direction to the inside of something
Example
She walked into the room quietly.
Sie ging leise in das Zimmer.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

Anreize
Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
Steueranreize werden verwendet, um Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien zu fördern.
B1 verb /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

interrupt

unterbrechen
Meaning
to stop someone from speaking or doing something by suddenly saying or doing something
Example
She tried not to interrupt while he was speaking.
Sie versuchte nicht zu unterbrechen, während er sprach.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

berühmt
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
Sie hatte eine berühmte Karriere in der Medizin.
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

Unzulänglichkeit
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
Trotz ihrer starken Qualifikationen kämpfte sie bei der Arbeit mit Gefühlen der Unzulänglichkeit.
B2 verb /ɪnˈveɪd/

invade

invasieren
Meaning
to enter a place or country forcefully, especially as an enemy
Example
The army invaded the neighboring country.
Die Armee hat das benachbarte Land invadierte.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/

incandescent

glühend
Meaning
emitting light as a result of being heated; extremely bright or passionate
Example
The incandescent lamp lit up the entire hall.
Die glühende Lampe erleuchtete den gesamten Raum.
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

interimistisch
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
Interim-Regierungen verwalten Übergangsphasen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/

ineluctable

unvermeidlich
Meaning
Impossible to avoid or escape; inevitable.
Example
Death is an ineluctable part of human existence.
Der Tod ist ein unvermeidlicher Bestandteil der menschlichen Existenz.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪm.ɪ.tə.bəl/

inimitable

unvergleichlich
Meaning
So good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique.
Example
His inimitable writing style made him a literary legend.
Sein unvergleichlicher Schreibstil machte ihn zu einer literarischen Legende.
C2 noun /ɪˈnɪkwɪti/

iniquity

Ungerechtigkeit
Meaning
Immoral or grossly unfair behavior.
Example
The dictator's regime was marked by corruption and iniquity.
Das Regime des Diktators war von Korruption und Ungerechtigkeit geprägt.
B2 verb /ɪnˈheɪl/

inhale

einatmen
Meaning
to breathe in; to draw air into the lungs
Example
Take a deep breath and inhale slowly.
Nehmen Sie einen tiefen Atemzug und atmen Sie langsam ein.
A1 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ/

interesting

interessant
Meaning
Arousing curiosity or attention; holding one’s interest.
Example
The documentary about space was very interesting.
Die Dokumentation über den Weltraum war sehr interessant.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

Infektion
Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
Der Arzt verschrieb Antibiotika, um die bakterielle Infektion in ihrem Hals zu behandeln.
A2 verb /ɪˈmædʒɪn/

imagine

vorstellen
Meaning
to form a mental image of; to believe something unreal to be true
Example
Can you imagine living in a different country?
Kannst du dir vorstellen, in einem anderen Land zu leben?
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

Kruste
Meaning
a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something
Example
The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.
Die alten Rohre waren aufgrund einer starken Verkrustung von Mineralien blockiert.
C1 noun /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪtər/

incubator

Brutschrank
Meaning
a device or environment that provides suitable conditions for eggs, cells, or infants to develop
Example
The premature baby was placed in an incubator for care.
Das frühgeborene Baby wurde zur Pflege in einen Brutkasten gelegt.
C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

reisend
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.
Example
The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.
Der reisende Lehrer zog von Dorf zu Dorf, um Kinder zu unterrichten.
B2 verb /ɪmˈprɪzən/

imprison

einsperren
Meaning
to put someone in prison; to confine or restrict someone's freedom
Example
The judge imprisoned the criminal for five years.
Der Richter hat den Verbrecher für fünf Jahre eingesperrt.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

belasten
Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
Die neuen Beweise könnten den Verdächtigen im Raubüberfallfall belasten.
B2 noun /ˈɪm.pʌls/

Impulse

Impuls; plötzlicher Drang
Meaning
a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act; a driving force or motivation
Example
She bought the expensive dress on impulse and later regretted the purchase.
Sie kaufte das teure Kleid im Impuls und bereute später den Kauf.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

bewegen
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Ihre Neugier trieb sie dazu, die mysteriöse Kiste zu öffnen.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

impatience

Ungeduld
Meaning
The state of being quickly irritated or unable to wait calmly.
Example
His impatience grew as the meeting dragged on.
Seine Ungeduld wuchs, als sich das Treffen in die Länge zog.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌveɪl/

intervale

niedriges Land entlang eines Flusses, normalerweise fruchtbar und flach
Meaning
A low-lying tract of land along a river, usually fertile and flat.
Example
The farmers cultivated crops on the lush intervale by the river.
Die Bauern bauten Ernten auf dem fruchtbaren Intervallland am Fluss an.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

impatiently

ungeduldig
Meaning
in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting
Example
She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.
Sie klopfte ungeduldig mit den Fingern, während sie auf die Antwort wartete.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl̩/

inadmissible

unzulässig
Meaning
Not allowed, especially as evidence in a court of law.
Example
The judge ruled the evidence inadmissible.
Der Richter erklärte das Beweismaterial für unzulässig.