intestate
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C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/

intestate

ohne Testament gestorben
Meaning
Having died without leaving a valid will.
Example
She died intestate, so her assets were distributed by law.
Sie ist ohne Testament gestorben, daher wurde ihr Vermögen nach dem Gesetz verteilt.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ/

ingratiating

schmeichelhaft
Meaning
Charming or flattering in a way intended to gain favor.
Example
His ingratiating smile made everyone trust him quickly.
Sein schmeichelhaftes Lächeln brachte alle dazu, ihm schnell zu vertrauen.
C2 adjective /ɪɡˈnoʊ.bəl/

Ignoble

ehrenlos; niederträchtig; gemein
Meaning
dishonorable; not noble in character; base or mean
Example
His ignoble actions betrayed his friends' trust.
Seine ehrenlosen Taten verrieten das Vertrauen seiner Freunde.
B2 verb /ˈɪl.ə.streɪt/

illustrate

veranschaulichen
Meaning
to explain or make something clear by using examples, pictures, or comparisons
Example
The teacher used diagrams to illustrate the concept.
Der Lehrer hat Diagramme verwendet, um das Konzept zu veranschaulichen.
C1 verb /ɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪz/

immortalize

verewigen
Meaning
to preserve the memory of someone or something forever
Example
The statue was built to immortalize the hero’s sacrifice.
Die Statue wurde gebaut, um das Opfer des Helden zu verewigen.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

Hindernis
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
Der Mangel an Mitteln ist ein großes Hindernis für das Projekt.
C2 verb /ɜːrk/

irk

ärgern
Meaning
to annoy or irritate someone
Example
It irks me when people are late without calling.
Es ärgert mich, wenn Leute ohne anzurufen zu spät kommen.
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

inkubieren
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
Das Huhn wird die Eier inkubieren, bis sie schlüpfen.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

eintauchen
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
Tauche in die neue Sprache ein.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

zunächst
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
Zu Beginn lehnte er das Angebot ab, nahm es später jedoch an.
B1 verb /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

interrupt

unterbrechen
Meaning
to stop someone from speaking or doing something by suddenly saying or doing something
Example
She tried not to interrupt while he was speaking.
Sie versuchte nicht zu unterbrechen, während er sprach.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈækjərət/

Inaccurate

falsch; ungenau; fehlerhaft
Meaning
not correct; containing errors; wrong
Example
The weather forecast was inaccurate yesterday.
Die Wettervorhersage war gestern ungenau.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

anfänglich
Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
Die inzeptive Phase des Projekts war von einer enthusiastischen Planung geprägt.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.lət/

islet

Inselchen
Meaning
A very small island.
Example
The fishermen rested on a tiny islet before continuing their journey.
Die Fischer ruhten auf einem kleinen Inselchen, bevor sie ihre Reise fortsetzten.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvʌlnərəbl/

invulnerable

unverwundbar
Meaning
Impossible to harm, damage, or defeat.
Example
The fortress was thought to be invulnerable to attack.
Die Festung galt als unverwundbar gegenüber Angriffen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

unverständlich
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
Das plötzliche Verschwinden der Datei war unverständlich.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/

irreversible

irreversibel
Meaning
Not able to be undone, changed, or reversed.
Example
The damage caused by the fire was irreversible.
Der durch das Feuer verursachte Schaden war irreversibel.
C2 noun /ˈɪndələns/

indolence

Indolenz
Meaning
Avoidance of activity or exertion; laziness.
Example
His indolence kept him from finishing the project on time.
Seine Indolenz hinderte ihn daran, das Projekt rechtzeitig abzuschließen.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

Intuition
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Ihre Intuition sagte ihr, dass etwas nicht stimmte.
B1 noun ɪnˈvestmənt

investment

Investition
Meaning
The action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
Example
Investment in waste management infrastructure is essential.
Investitionen in Abfallmanagementinfrastruktur sind unerlässlich.
B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

analphabet; ungebildet; unwissend
Meaning
unable to read or write; lacking education
Example
The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.
Das Programm zielt darauf ab, analphabetische Erwachsene beim Lernen von Lesen und Schreiben zu unterstützen.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈviːn/

intervene

eingreifen
Meaning
To come between people, groups, or events, often to prevent conflict or improve a situation.
Example
The teacher had to intervene to stop the fight between the students.
Der Lehrer musste eingreifen, um den Kampf zwischen den Schülern zu stoppen.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkwɪˈzɪʃən/

inquisition

Inquisition
Meaning
A prolonged and intense questioning or investigation, often harsh in nature.
Example
The journalist faced an inquisition from the panel about his sources.
Der Journalist wurde einem harten Verhör durch das Panel über seine Quellen unterzogen.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

unzerstörbar
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
Es wurde gesagt, dass das Schild des Superhelden unzerstörbar war.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

ineinandergreifen
Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
Die Zahnräder greifen ineinander, um eine reibungslose Bewegung der Maschine zu gewährleisten.
C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

Idiotie
Meaning
extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness
Example
The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.
Die Entscheidung, die Sicherheitsprotokolle zu ignorieren, war pure Idiotie, die alle in Gefahr brachte.
B2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡeɪtər/

investigator

Glück
Meaning
a person who carries out a formal inquiry or investigation
Example
The investigator gathered evidence from the crime scene.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

leidenschaftlich
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Sie hielt eine leidenschaftliche Rede über Menschenrechte.
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/

investigate

untersuchen
Meaning
to carry out a systematic inquiry to discover facts or information
Example
The police will investigate the incident thoroughly.
Die Polizei wird den Vorfall gründlich untersuchen.
B2 adjective ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv

ineffective

ineffektiv
Meaning
Not producing any significant or desired effect; not achieving the intended result.
Example
Rote learning often proves to be ineffective.
Auswendiglernen erweist sich oft als ineffektiv.
C2 noun /ˈaɪdlər/

idler

Faulenzer
Meaning
A person who avoids work or spends time lazily.
Example
He was known as an idler who wasted his days.
Er war bekannt als ein Faulenzer, der seine Tage verschwendete.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

imitieren
Meaning
to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something
Example
Children often imitate their parents' behavior.
Kinder ahmen oft das Verhalten ihrer Eltern nach.
A2 verb /ɪnˈkri:s/

increase

steigern
Meaning
to become or make something larger in amount, number, or degree
Example
The company plans to increase its production this year.
Das Unternehmen plant, seine Produktion in diesem Jahr zu steigern.
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛfrəɡəbəl/

irrefragable

unwiderlegbar
Meaning
Impossible to refute, deny, or break
Example
The lawyer presented irrefragable evidence that proved his client’s innocence.
Der Anwalt präsentierte unwiderlegbare Beweise, die die Unschuld seines Mandanten belegten.
B2 noun /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/

instinct

Instinkt
Meaning
A natural way of behaving or reacting that does not require learning.
Example
Birds build nests by instinct.
Vögel bauen ihre Nester aus Instinkt.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

gekennzeichnet durch das Angreifen oder Ablehnen von etablierten Überzeugungen, Traditionen oder Werten
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
Ihre ikonoklastischen Ansichten stellten die konventionelle Weisheit der Branche in Frage.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/

immigrate

einwandern
Meaning
to come to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
He immigrated to Canada five years ago.
Er ist vor fünf Jahren nach Kanada eingewandert.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/

incorporate

inkorporieren
Meaning
to include something as part of a whole; to form a corporation
Example
The new design incorporates advanced technology.
Das neue Design inkorporiert fortschrittliche Technologie.
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

Zorn, Wut
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
Die neue Politik erregte den Zorn der Mitarbeiter.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/

infantile

kindlich
Meaning
characteristic of an infant; childish
Example
His infantile behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
Sein kindliches Verhalten peinigte alle in der Besprechung.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtər/

inquisitor

Inquisitor
Meaning
A person who asks many questions, often in an official or harsh manner.
Example
The inquisitor demanded detailed answers from the witness.
Der Inquisitor forderte detaillierte Antworten vom Zeugen.
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

Invasion
Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
Die Armee bereitete sich auf die Möglichkeit einer Invasion vor.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

sich hingeben
Meaning
to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively
Example
He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.
Er hat nach dem Abendessen ein Stück Schokoladenkuchen genossen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

unzertrennlich
Meaning
Unable to be separated or always together.
Example
The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.
Die beiden Freunde sind seit ihrer Kindheit unzertrennlich.
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

zornig
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
Der Kunde wurde zornig, nachdem er stundenlang gewartet hatte.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnəsənt/

Innocent

unschuldig; rein; harmlos
Meaning
free from guilt or sin; pure; harmless; naive
Example
The innocent child had no idea that her parents were planning a surprise party.
Das unschuldige Kind hatte keine Ahnung, dass ihre Eltern eine Überraschungsparty planten.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

unsicher
Meaning
not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious
Example
She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.
Sie fühlte sich unsicher über ihre Leistung in der Prüfung.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊətɪv/

inchoative

incipient
Meaning
relating to the beginning of something; in an initial stage
Example
The poet used inchoative expressions to depict the dawn of creation.
Der Dichter benutzte inchoative Ausdrücke, um den Beginn der Schöpfung darzustellen.
C1 adjective /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

irritable

reizbar
Meaning
easily annoyed or made angry
Example
She became irritable after working long hours without rest.
Sie wurde reizbar, nachdem sie lange Stunden ohne Ruhe gearbeitet hatte.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒp.ər/

Improper

unangemessen; inkorrekt; ungeeignet
Meaning
inappropriate; incorrect; not suitable
Example
It would be improper to discuss personal matters in a business meeting.
Es wäre unangemessen, in einer Geschäftssitzung persönliche Angelegenheiten zu besprechen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪdiəs/

insidious

heimtückisch
Meaning
Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects.
Example
The insidious spread of misinformation can damage trust.
Die heimtückische Verbreitung von Fehlinformationen kann das Vertrauen schädigen.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

zurechnen
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
Sie imputierten den Erfolg des Unternehmens auf gute Führung.
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

Ichthyologie
Meaning
The branch of zoology that deals with fish.
Example
He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.
Er hat an der Universität einen Abschluss in Ichthyologie gemacht.
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

verpflichtend
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
Es ist für alle Bürger verpflichtend, das Gesetz zu befolgen.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈrɛɡnəm/

interregnum

Interregnum
Meaning
A period between rulers or governments when normal leadership is suspended.
Example
The country faced instability during the interregnum after the king’s death.
Das Land erlebte Instabilität während des Interregnums nach dem Tod des Königs.
C2 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈnɑːti/

illuminati

illuminati
Meaning
a group of people claiming to have special enlightenment or secret knowledge, often linked to conspiracies
Example
Many conspiracy theories involve the Illuminati as a secret world-controlling group.
Viele Verschwörungstheorien beinhalten die Illuminaten als eine geheime, weltbeherrschende Gruppe.
C2 noun /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsəns/

iridescence

irideszierender Glanz
Meaning
a play of lustrous, changing colors like those of a rainbow
Example
The butterfly's wings shimmered with iridescence.
Die Flügel des Schmetterlings schimmerten mit irideszierendem Glanz.
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

Integration. Vereinigung.
Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
Die Integration von Netzwerken wird die globale Kommunikation verbessern.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

unbefugtes Eindringen
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
Das Unternehmen hat eine Intrusion in seinem Server erkannt.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tʃər/

Imposture

Betrug; Täuschung; Schwindel
Meaning
the practice of deceiving others by pretending to be someone else; fraudulent deception
Example
The elaborate imposture lasted for months before investigators uncovered the truth.
Der aufwendige Betrug dauerte Monate, bevor die Ermittler die Wahrheit entdeckten.
C1 noun /ˌɪməˈtjʊərəti/

immaturity

Unreife
Meaning
the state of not being fully developed emotionally, mentally, or physically; lack of maturity
Example
His immaturity made it difficult for him to handle responsibility.
Seine Unreife machte es ihm schwer, Verantwortung zu übernehmen.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪv dɪˈpləʊ.mə.si/

integrative diplomacy

Integrative Diplomatie
Meaning
A diplomatic approach that seeks to combine or coordinate different elements, interests, or parties into a unified whole.
Example
Integrative diplomacy strengthens alliances.
Integrative Diplomatie stärkt Allianzen.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

reizbar
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
Sein reizbares Wesen brachte ihn oft in Schwierigkeiten.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Invisible

unsichtbar
Meaning
unable to be seen; not visible to the eye
Example
The bacteria are invisible without a microscope.
Bakterien sind unsichtbar ohne ein Mikroskop.
C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

Ideologie
Meaning
A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Example
Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.
Demokratie basiert auf der Ideologie von Freiheit und Gleichheit.
C2 noun /ˈænʒənuː/

ingenue

unschuldige junge Frau
Meaning
an innocent, naïve young woman, especially as represented in literature or theater
Example
She played the role of the ingénue in the play with great charm.
Sie spielte die Rolle der unschuldigen jungen Frau im Stück mit viel Charme.
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

Irrelevanz
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
Seine lange Erklärung zeigte nur die Irrelevanz der Details für das Hauptthema.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdəbl/

incredible

unglaublich
Meaning
so extraordinary that it is hard to believe; amazing
Example
The view from the mountain was incredible.
Der Ausblick vom Berg war unglaublich.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

unerträglich
Meaning
Too extreme or difficult to be endured.
Example
The heat was insupportable during the long journey.
Die Hitze war unerträglich während der langen Reise.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkeɪpəbəl/

incapable

unfähig
Meaning
lacking the ability, skill, or capacity to do something
Example
He is incapable of understanding complex instructions.
Er ist unfähig, komplexe Anweisungen zu verstehen.
B2 noun /ɪˈluː.ʒən/

Illusion

Illusion
Meaning
a thing that is or is likely to be wrongly perceived or interpreted; a false idea or belief
Example
The magician created a spectacular illusion that made the elephant appear to vanish.
Der Magier erschuf eine spektakuläre Illusion, die den Elefanten verschwinden ließ.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrməl/

Informal

informell; entspannt; locker
Meaning
relaxed and friendly; not official or ceremonial; casual
Example
The meeting was informal and relaxed.
Das Treffen war informell und entspannt.
C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

Ilias
Meaning
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.
Example
Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.
Die Studenten studierten die Ilias, um die griechische Mythologie und den Heroismus zu verstehen.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

vermitteln
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
Der Lehrer vermittelte wertvolles Wissen an seine Schüler.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpʌlʃən/

impulsion

Impuls
Meaning
a strong urge or drive to act; the act of impelling
Example
His impulsion to travel made him leave his job suddenly.
Sein Impuls, zu reisen, veranlasste ihn dazu, seinen Job plötzlich zu kündigen.
C1 noun /ˈɪnflʌks/

influx

Zufluss
Meaning
A large arrival or flow of people or things.
Example
The city experienced an influx of tourists during the festival.
Die Stadt erlebte einen Zufluss von Touristen während des Festivals.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.fən.tri/

Infantry

infanterie
Meaning
soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively
Example
The infantry advanced across the battlefield on foot.
Die Infanterie marschierte zu Fuß über das Schlachtfeld.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

nebenkosten
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Nebenkosten wie Snacks und Trinkgelder wurden in die Rechnung aufgenommen.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

integriert
Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
Integrierte Systeme optimieren die Effizienz.
C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

scharfsinnig
Meaning
Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.
Example
His incisive comments revealed the core issues.
Seine scharfsinnigen Kommentare enthüllten die Kernprobleme.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

impossible

unmöglich
Meaning
not able to occur, exist, or be done
Example
It is impossible to finish this work in one day.
Es ist unmöglich, diese Arbeit an einem Tag zu beenden.
C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

Unregelmäßigkeit
Meaning
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
Example
The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.
Die Prüfung deckte mehrere finanzielle Unregelmäßigkeiten in den Unterlagen des Unternehmens auf.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/

isothermal

isotherm
Meaning
Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.
Example
The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.
Das Experiment wurde unter isothermen Bedingungen durchgeführt.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

unentschieden
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
Die Untersuchung blieb unentschieden wegen eines Beweisfehlens.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɪnɪti/

infinity

unendlich
Meaning
A concept describing something without any limit or end.
Example
The universe seems to stretch into infinity.
Das Universum scheint sich ins Unendliche auszudehnen.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

Empörung
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
Öffentliche Empörung wuchs nach dem ungerechten Urteil.
C1 noun ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənsi

interdependency

Interdependenz
Meaning
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Example
The interdependency of the countries led to greater cooperation.
Die Interdependenz der Länder führte zu mehr Zusammenarbeit.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

impersonal

unpersönlich
Meaning
not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings; lacking human warmth or emotion
Example
The letter was written in a very impersonal style.
Der Brief wurde in einem sehr unpersönlichen Stil geschrieben.
B2 noun ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən

industrialization

Industrialisierung
Meaning
The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
Example
Industrialization changed the global economy dramatically.
Die Industrialisierung hat die globale Wirtschaft dramatisch verändert.
B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

zufügen
Meaning
to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something
Example
The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.
Der Sturm fügte der Stadt erheblichen Schaden zu.
B2 noun ɪˈlɪtərəsi

illiteracy

Illiteralismus
Meaning
The inability to read and write; lack of education or knowledge in a particular area.
Example
Illiteracy often leads to poverty and unemployment.
Illiteralismus führt oft zu Armut und Arbeitslosigkeit.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

impatient

ungeduldig
Meaning
Not able to wait calmly; restless and eager for something to happen.
Example
She grew impatient while waiting in the long queue.
Sie wurde ungeduldig, während sie in der langen Schlange wartete.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

arm
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
Er wuchs in einer armen Familie auf.
C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

Irrelevanz
Meaning
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
Example
The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.
Der Richter wies das Argument wegen seiner Irrelevanz für den Fall zurück.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

ideological

ideologisch
Meaning
Relating to or based on a system of ideas or beliefs.
Example
The two parties are divided by deep ideological differences.
Die beiden Parteien sind durch tiefgehende ideologische Unterschiede geteilt.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

inarticulate

unverständlich
Meaning
Unable to express oneself clearly or effectively in speech or writing.
Example
She became inarticulate with emotion during the speech.
Sie wurde beim Vortrag vor Emotionen unverständlich.
B2 noun /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

inhabitant

Einwohner
Meaning
a person or animal that lives in a particular place
Example
The inhabitants of the village rely on farming for their livelihood.
Die Einwohner des Dorfes sind auf die Landwirtschaft angewiesen, um ihren Lebensunterhalt zu sichern.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeʒərəbəl/

Immeasurable

unermesslich
Meaning
too large or extensive to measure; boundless
Example
The immeasurable love of a mother knows no bounds.
Die unermessliche Liebe einer Mutter kennt keine Grenzen.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

eisig; extrem kalt; feindlich
Meaning
extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The icy wind made everyone shiver.
Der eisige Wind ließ alle zittern.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

unverzichtbar
Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
Wasser ist für das Überleben des Menschen unverzichtbar.
C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

verehren
Meaning
To admire or worship someone excessively.
Example
Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.
Fans verehren oft Prominente für ihr Talent und ihren Lebensstil.
C2 noun /ˈɪŋkjʊbəs/

incubus

albtraumhafte Last
Meaning
An oppressive or nightmarish burden; in folklore, an evil spirit that lies upon sleeping people.
Example
Debt became an incubus that weighed heavily on the family.
Die Schulden wurden zu einer albtraumhaften Last, die schwer auf der Familie lastete.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

verfassen
Meaning
To write or compose (literary or formal works).
Example
The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.
Der Dichter verfasste ein aufrichtiges Sonett.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

Wahnsinn; Geisteskrankheit
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
Der Verteidiger argumentierte, dass sein Mandant aufgrund von Wahnsinn nicht schuldig sei.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːlɪtɪk/

impolitic

unüberlegt
Meaning
Unwise or imprudent; not showing good judgment.
Example
It would be impolitic to criticize them openly.
Es wäre unüberlegt, sie öffentlich zu kritisieren.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

unbedeutend
Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.
Die Kosten waren so unbedeutend, dass niemand sie bemerkte.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

unbezwingbar
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
Ihr unbezwingbarer Geist inspirierte andere, für Gerechtigkeit zu kämpfen.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpɒlɪtnəs/

impoliteness

Unhöflichkeit
Meaning
lack of good manners or courtesy; rude behavior
Example
His impoliteness towards the guests shocked everyone.
Seine Unhöflichkeit gegenüber den Gästen schockierte alle.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

imperfect

unvollkommen
Meaning
Not perfect; having faults or flaws.
Example
The painting was beautiful despite being imperfect.
Das Gemälde war schön, obwohl es unvollkommen war.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

verständlich
Meaning
Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.
Example
Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.
Durch den Lärm war ihre Rede kaum verständlich.
A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

sein
Meaning
Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.
Example
The company changed its logo last year.
Das Unternehmen hat letztes Jahr sein Logo geändert.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

unverständlich
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
Die Vorlesung des Professors war so schnell, dass sie unverständlich wurde.
B1 noun /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

ingredient

Zutat
Meaning
A component part or element of something, especially in a recipe.
Example
Flour is a key ingredient in baking bread.
Mehl ist eine wichtige Zutat beim Brotbacken.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

Fleiß
Meaning
The quality of being hardworking and diligent.
Example
His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.
Sein Fleiß brachte ihm eine Beförderung bei der Arbeit ein.
B2 verb /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

integrate

integrieren
Meaning
To combine or bring together into a unified whole.
Example
The new system integrates data from multiple sources.
Das neue System integriert Daten aus mehreren Quellen.
B2 adjective /ɪˈreɡjələr/

irregular

unregelmäßig
Meaning
not even or consistent in shape, pattern, time, or behavior; not following normal rules
Example
His attendance at work has been irregular this month.
Seine Anwesenheit bei der Arbeit war diesen Monat unregelmäßig.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

verletzen
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Das Kopieren dieser Software ohne Erlaubnis wird gegen das Urheberrecht verstoßen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

schädlich
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
Example
Smoking is injurious to health.
Rauchen ist schädlich für die Gesundheit.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən/

insurrection

aufstand
Meaning
A violent uprising against an authority or government.
Example
The army was called in to suppress the insurrection.
Die Armee wurde gerufen, um den Aufstand zu unterdrücken.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

unalienierbar
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
Die Meinungsfreiheit ist ein unalienierbares Recht.