C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

Vermittler

Meaning

a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another

Example

He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.

Er trat als Vermittler auf, um den Konflikt zwischen den beiden Familien zu lösen.

B1 noun ɪmˈpruːv.mənts

improvements

Verbesserungen

Meaning

The action of making or becoming better; an instance of something becoming or being made better.

Example

Continuous improvements increase productivity.

Kontinuierliche Verbesserungen steigern die Produktivität.

B2 adjective /ɪˈreɡjələr/

irregular

unregelmäßig

Meaning

not even or consistent in shape, pattern, time, or behavior; not following normal rules

Example

His attendance at work has been irregular this month.

Seine Anwesenheit bei der Arbeit war diesen Monat unregelmäßig.

C2 adjective /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/

ignominious

ignominös

Meaning

Marked by shame, disgrace, or humiliation.

Example

The team suffered an ignominious defeat in the finals.

Das Team erlitt eine ignominöse Niederlage im Finale.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instruktiv

Meaning

useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction

Example

The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.

Der Vortrag war sehr lehrreich und fesselnd.

C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

Interkonnektivität

Meaning

The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components

Example

The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.

Der Aufstieg der Interkonnektivität hat die weltweite Kommunikation verändert.

C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈspɛktɪv/

Irrespective

unabhängig; ohne Berücksichtigung

Meaning

without taking something into account; regardless of

Example

All students will be treated equally, irrespective of their background.

Alle Studenten werden gleich behandelt, unabhängig von ihrem Hintergrund.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

unfreiwillig

Meaning

done without will or conscious control

Example

He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.

Er bekam einen unwillkürlichen Schauer, als er das laute Geräusch hörte.

C1 verb /ɪˈmɔːrtəlaɪz/

immortalize

verewigen

Meaning

to preserve the memory of someone or something forever

Example

The statue was built to immortalize the hero’s sacrifice.

Die Statue wurde gebaut, um das Opfer des Helden zu verewigen.

B2 adjective, noun /ˌɪn.təlˈɛk.tʃu.əl/

intellectual

intellektuell

Meaning

Relating to the intellect; a person who engages in critical thinking and study.

Example

She enjoys intellectual discussions about philosophy.

Sie genießt intellektuelle Diskussionen über Philosophie.

C2 noun /ˌɪmbəˈsɪləti/

imbecility

Dummheit

Meaning

Extreme foolishness, stupidity, or weakness of mind.

Example

The plan was abandoned due to its sheer imbecility.

Der Plan wurde aufgrund seiner völligen Dummheit aufgegeben.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imposant

Meaning

having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding

Example

The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.

Das Schloss ist eine imposante Struktur, die das Tal überblickt.

C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

intergenerationell, zwischen verschiedenen Generationen einer Familie

Meaning

Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.

Example

Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.

Intergenerationelles Wissen sichert kulturelle Kontinuität.

C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

Aufständischer

Meaning

A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.

Example

The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.

Die Armee verhaftete mehrere Aufständische nach dem Angriff.

C1 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

ideology

Ideologie

Meaning

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Example

Democracy is based on the ideology of freedom and equality.

Demokratie basiert auf der Ideologie von Freiheit und Gleichheit.

C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

unwichtig

Meaning

Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.

Example

The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.

Der Richter entschied, dass das Argument für den Fall unerheblich war.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

unüberwindbar

Meaning

Impossible to overcome or surpass.

Example

The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.

Das Team stand während der Expedition vor unüberwindbaren Herausforderungen.

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛstəsi/

intestacy

Tod ohne Testament

Meaning

The condition of dying without having made a valid will.

Example

His estate was divided according to the laws of intestacy.

Sein Vermögen wurde gemäß den Gesetzen der Intestaz vererbt.

C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈsiːd/

intercede

intervenieren

Meaning

to act or plead on behalf of someone in difficulty or trouble; to intervene between parties to help resolve a dispute

Example

She interceded with the teacher to give her brother another chance.

Sie hat beim Lehrer eingegriffen, um ihrem Bruder eine weitere Chance zu geben.

C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

disharmonisch

Meaning

lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune

Example

The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.

Die disharmonischen Geräusche vom kaputten Klavier zwangen alle, sich die Ohren zuzuhalten.

C2 adjective /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

immemorial

unermesslich

Meaning

Extending back beyond memory or record; ancient.

Example

The tradition has been followed since time immemorial.

Die Tradition wird seit unermesslichen Zeiten befolgt.

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɜːrmənt/

interment

Beerdigung

Meaning

The act of burying a dead body in a grave or tomb.

Example

The interment took place at the family cemetery.

Die Beerdigung fand auf dem Familienfriedhof statt.

C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈpoʊz/

interpose

einwenden

Meaning

To place or insert between one thing and another; to intervene in a situation.

Example

He quickly interposed himself between the fighters to stop the quarrel.

Er trat schnell zwischen die Kämpfer, um den Streit zu stoppen.

C1 adjective /ɪˈmuː.və.bəl/

immovable

unbeweglich

Meaning

Not able to be moved; fixed in position.

Example

Immovable barriers prevent change.

Unbewegliche Barrieren verhindern Veränderungen.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

nicht brennbar

Meaning

Not capable of catching fire or burning.

Example

This material is incombustible and safe for construction.

Dieses Material ist incombustibel und sicher für den Bau.

C2 noun /ˌɪnkrɪˈdjuːləti/

incredulity

Unglauben

Meaning

the state of being unwilling or unable to believe something

Example

She looked at him with incredulity after hearing the strange story.

Sie sah ihn mit Unglauben an, nachdem sie die seltsame Geschichte gehört hatte.

C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

bitten

Meaning

To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.

Example

She implored him to stay with her.

Sie bat ihn verzweifelt, bei ihr zu bleiben.

B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

islamisch

Meaning

relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings

Example

The city has many Islamic cultural centers.

Die Stadt hat viele islamische Kulturzentren.

C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/

inane

unsinnig, dumm

Meaning

lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless

Example

The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.

Der Film wurde für seine unsinnigen Dialoge kritisiert.

C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

Infusion

Meaning

the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid

Example

She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.

Sie bereitete eine beruhigende Infusion aus Kamillentee zu.

C2 noun (compound/erroneous entry) /ɪnˈɛksərəbl ɑːrmi/

inexorableinexorablearmy

unaufhaltsame Armee

Meaning

This appears to be a corrupted or concatenated form; interpreted as 'inexorable army' — an unstoppable or relentless force.

Example

The rebels feared the inexorable army approaching their stronghold.

Die Rebellen fürchteten die unaufhaltsame Armee, die sich ihrer Festung näherte.

C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

Verstoß

Meaning

A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.

Example

The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.

Der Schüler wurde für einen kleinen Verstoß gegen die Schulregeln bestraft.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɑːdʒɪtənt/

incogitant

unüberlegt

Meaning

Lacking thought; inconsiderate or thoughtless.

Example

It was incogitant of him to make such a rude comment.

Es war inkogitant von ihm, so einen unhöflichen Kommentar zu machen.

C1 verb /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/

infuriate

wütend machen

Meaning

To make someone extremely angry.

Example

His careless remarks infuriated the entire team.

Seine unbedachten Bemerkungen haben das ganze Team wütend gemacht.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt/

inadvertent

unbeabsichtigt, unbeabsichtigt

Meaning

Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.

Example

Her inadvertent mistake caused a delay in the project.

Ihr unbeabsichtigter Fehler verursachte eine Verzögerung im Projekt.

C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

einritzen

Meaning

to write or carve words or symbols on a surface

Example

They inscribed her name on the trophy.

Sie haben ihren Namen auf dem Pokal eingraviert.

C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

ineffektiv

Meaning

Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.

Example

The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.

Die ineffektive Führung des Managers führte dazu, dass das Team die Motivation verlor.

C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

infiltrieren

Meaning

to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group

Example

The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.

Die Spione schafften es, die feindliche Basis zu infiltrieren.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/

inessential

unwesentlich

Meaning

not necessary or important; not essential

Example

The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.

Der Bericht entfernt alle unwesentlichen Details, um fokussiert zu bleiben.

C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiˌɛri/

intermediary

Vermittler

Meaning

A person who acts as a link between people in order to try to bring about an agreement; a mediator.

Example

The diplomat served as an intermediary between the two conflicting nations.

Der Diplomat fungierte als Vermittler zwischen den beiden konfliktierenden Nationen.

C2 noun /ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/

ingratitude

Undankbarkeit

Meaning

Lack of gratitude; failure to show thanks or appreciation.

Example

His ingratitude hurt her feelings after all she had done for him.

Seine Undankbarkeit tat ihr weh, nachdem sie so viel für ihn getan hatte.

C2 adjective /ɪˈmɒdərət/

immoderate

immoderat

Meaning

excessive; beyond reasonable limits

Example

He has an immoderate love for sweets.

Er hat eine immoderate Liebe zu Süßigkeiten.

C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

drohen

Meaning

to be about to happen; to loom threateningly

Example

Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.

Dunkle Wolken deuteten darauf hin, dass ein Sturm bevorstand.

B1 abbreviation /ˌaɪˈiː/

ie

d.h.

Meaning

That is to say; used to clarify or explain something more precisely.

Example

Many amphibians, i.e., frogs and salamanders, can live both in water and on land.

Viele Amphibien, d.h. Frösche und Salamander, können sowohl im Wasser als auch an Land leben.

B1 adjective /ɪmˈpruːvd/

improved

verbessert

Meaning

made better or enhanced in quality or condition

Example

Her health has significantly improved since last month.

Ihre Gesundheit hat sich seit letztem Monat erheblich verbessert.

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

Unverschämtheit

Meaning

lack of respect; rudeness

Example

The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.

Der Lehrer war schockiert über die Unverschämtheit des Schülers.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

bewegen

Meaning

to drive, force, or urge someone to do something

Example

Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.

Ihre Neugier trieb sie dazu, die mysteriöse Kiste zu öffnen.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

verständlich

Meaning

Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.

Example

Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.

Durch den Lärm war ihre Rede kaum verständlich.

B2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪdə/

insider

Insider

Meaning

a person within a group or organization who has access to confidential information

Example

He was an insider who knew all the company's secrets.

Er war ein Insider, der alle Geheimnisse der Firma kannte.

B1 noun ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən

inspiration

Inspiration

Meaning

The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.

Example

His journey to success became an inspiration for many.

Seine Reise zum Erfolg wurde zu einer Inspiration für viele.

B2 verb /ɪnˈherɪt/

inherit

erben

Meaning

to receive money, property, or characteristics from someone when they die; to acquire from predecessors

Example

She inherited her grandmother's house.

Sie hat das Haus ihrer Großmutter geerbt.

A2 preposition /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

including

einschließlich

Meaning

used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group

Example

Many people attended the event, including students and teachers.

Viele Menschen nahmen an der Veranstaltung teil, einschließlich Studenten und Lehrern.

C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

Der Prozess der Bildung und Entwicklung neuer Ideen oder Konzepte durch kreatives Denken und Brainstorming.

Meaning

The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.

Example

The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.

Das Team nahm an Ideations-Sitzungen teil, um neue Produktideen zu entwickeln.

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

äußere Hülle

Meaning

A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.

Example

The snake sheds its integument as it grows.

Die Schlange verliert ihre äußere Hülle, wenn sie wächst.

C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

Ungerechtigkeit

Meaning

Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.

Example

Social inequity continues to be a global issue.

Soziale Ungerechtigkeit bleibt ein globales Problem.

C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

Intimität; Nähe

Meaning

close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere

Example

The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.

Das Paar schätzte die emotionale Intimität, die sie teilten, mehr als materiellen Besitz.

B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

isolieren

Meaning

To separate something or someone from others.

Example

Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.

Die Ärzte versuchten, den Patienten zu isolieren, um die Ausbreitung der Infektion zu verhindern.

C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

unerschütterlich

Meaning

Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.

Example

His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.

Seine unerschütterliche Natur machte ihn zu einem großartigen Führer.

C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

unverzichtbar

Meaning

Absolutely necessary, essential

Example

Water is indispensable for human survival.

Wasser ist für das Überleben des Menschen unverzichtbar.

C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

gewöhnen

Meaning

To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.

Soldaten gewöhnten sich schnell an die harten Bedingungen.

C2 adjective /ɪˈmɪsəbl/

immiscible

unlöslich

Meaning

Describes liquids that do not mix together.

Example

Oil and water are immiscible liquids.

Öl und Wasser sind unlösliche Flüssigkeiten.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

inkohärent

Meaning

Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.

Example

His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.

Seine Erklärung war so inkohärent, dass niemand ihr folgen konnte.

C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

Intonation

Meaning

The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.

Example

His inflection kept the audience engaged.

Seine Intonation hielt das Publikum gebannt.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənəl/

instructional

lehrreich

Meaning

providing knowledge or information; intended to teach

Example

The website offers many instructional videos for beginners.

Die Website bietet viele lehrreiche Videos für Anfänger an.

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

Hindernisse

Meaning

A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.

Example

Economic impediments often hinder social development.

Wirtschaftliche Hindernisse behindern oft die soziale Entwicklung.

C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

makellos

Meaning

perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws

Example

Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.

Ihr Zimmer war makellos, alles war an seinem Platz.

C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

iterieren

Meaning

To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.

Example

The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.

Das Softwareteam wird das Design iterieren, bis es den Benutzeranforderungen entspricht.

C1 noun /ˈɪn.trə.vɜːrt/

introvert

introvertiert

Meaning

A person who tends to be shy and prefers spending time alone rather than in groups.

Example

As an introvert, he preferred reading over attending parties.

Als Introvertierter bevorzugte er es, zu lesen, anstatt zu Partys zu gehen.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

unangemessen

Meaning

not suitable or proper in the circumstances

Example

It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.

Es war unangemessen, in der Bibliothek laut zu sprechen.

C2 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indite

verfassen

Meaning

To write or compose (literary or formal works).

Example

The poet indited a heartfelt sonnet.

Der Dichter verfasste ein aufrichtiges Sonett.

C2 noun /ˌɪn.ɪˈbraɪ.ə.ti/

inebriety

Trunkenheit

Meaning

the state of being drunk or intoxicated

Example

His frequent inebriety led to the loss of his job.

Seine häufige Trunkenheit führte zum Verlust seiner Arbeit.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

unzweifelbar

Meaning

Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.

Example

It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.

Es ist unzweifelbar, dass harte Arbeit zum Erfolg führt.

C2 noun /ˈɪsməs/ or /ˈɪsθməs/

isthmus

Isthmus

Meaning

A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas, often with water on either side.

Example

The Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama.

Der Panamakanal verläuft durch den Isthmus von Panama.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈluːbriəs/

insalubrious

ungesund

Meaning

Unhealthy or not conducive to well-being.

Example

They moved out of the insalubrious neighborhood for the sake of their health.

Sie zogen aus dem ungesunden Viertel für ihre Gesundheit heraus

C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

befall, das Vorhandensein einer ungewöhnlich großen Anzahl von Insekten oder Tieren an einem Ort

Meaning

The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.

Example

The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.

Die Insektenplage in der Küche führte zu sofortigen Maßnahmen zur Schädlingsbekämpfung.

C2 noun /ˈɪl.i.æd/

iliad

Ilias

Meaning

An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, describing the events of the Trojan War.

Example

Students studied the Iliad to understand Greek mythology and heroism.

Die Studenten studierten die Ilias, um die griechische Mythologie und den Heroismus zu verstehen.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒənt/

intransigent

unversöhnlich, stur, hartnäckig

Meaning

Unwilling or refusing to change one's views or to agree about something.

Example

His intransigent stance delayed the agreement.

Seine intransigente Haltung verzögerte die Vereinbarung.

B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

ikonisch

Meaning

Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.

Example

The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.

Der Satz "Es war die beste Zeit..." ist ikonisch.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

nebenkosten

Meaning

happening as a minor part or in connection with something else

Example

Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.

Nebenkosten wie Snacks und Trinkgelder wurden in die Rechnung aufgenommen.

C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

Inkarnation

Meaning

the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form

Example

The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.

Der Mönch wurde als die Inkarnation des Mitgefühls betrachtet.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

immunisiert

Meaning

protected from disease or from the effects of something

Example

Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.

Kinder, die geimpft sind, sind gegen viele Krankheiten immun.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

verarmen

Meaning

To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.

Example

The long war impoverished the entire nation.

Der lange Krieg hat die ganze Nation verarmt.

C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

Import

Meaning

The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad

Example

The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.

Die Import von Luxusgütern ist streng reguliert.

C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

ineinandergreifen

Meaning

to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined

Example

The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.

Die Zahnräder greifen ineinander, um eine reibungslose Bewegung der Maschine zu gewährleisten.

B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

sich hingeben

Meaning

to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively

Example

He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.

Er hat nach dem Abendessen ein Stück Schokoladenkuchen genossen.

C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈlɪdɪti/

invalidity

Ungültigkeit

Meaning

the state of being invalid, legally void, or lacking force or validity

Example

The court ruled that the contract suffered from invalidity.

Das Gericht entschied, dass der Vertrag ungültig war.

C2 verb ɪmˈbaɪb

imbibe

aufnehmen, assimilieren, trinken

Meaning

Absorb or assimilate ideas or knowledge. To drink or take in.

Example

He tried to imbibe the wisdom from his mentor.

Er versuchte, die Weisheit von seinem Mentor aufzunehmen.

B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnt/

intent

Absicht

Meaning

the purpose or reason behind an action; a strong determination to do something

Example

Her intent was to improve the quality of education in the community.

Ihre Absicht war es, die Qualität der Bildung in der Gemeinschaft zu verbessern.

C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

abgestumpft

Meaning

Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.

Nach Jahren des Leidens war sie an das Schmerzempfinden gewöhnt.

C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

Intonation

Meaning

The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.

Example

Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.

Die richtige Intonation verbessert die Klarheit einer Rede.

B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

Invasion

Meaning

An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.

Example

The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.

Die Armee bereitete sich auf die Möglichkeit einer Invasion vor.

B2 verb ɪnˈvɛst.ɪŋ

investing

investieren

Meaning

The act of putting money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit.

Example

Investing in stocks can generate long-term wealth.

Investieren in Aktien kann langfristigen Reichtum generieren.

C2 adjective ˌɪn.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

inefficacious

ineffektiv

Meaning

Not producing any or the desired effect; ineffective.

Example

The treatment was inefficacious in curing the disease.

Die Behandlung war ineffektiv bei der Heilung der Krankheit.

B2 noun /ɪnˈspekʃən/

inspection

Inspektion

Meaning

a careful examination of something, especially to check that it is correct or safe

Example

The building passed the safety inspection last week.

Das Gebäude hat die Sicherheitsinspektion letzte Woche bestanden.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

nachdrücklich

Meaning

demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no

Example

The child was insistent on getting a new toy.

Das Kind war nachdrücklich, ein neues Spielzeug zu bekommen.

C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

Heiden

Meaning

a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own

Example

In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.

In historischen Kontexten bezeichneten Kreuzfahrer ihre Feinde oft als Heiden.

C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

ungültig

Meaning

Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.

Example

The court declared the contract invalid.

Das Gericht erklärte den Vertrag für ungültig.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

bevorstehend

Meaning

about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening

Example

The villagers were worried about the impending flood.

Die Dorfbewohner waren besorgt über die bevorstehende Flut.

C2 noun /ɪmˈprɑːvɪdəns/

improvidence

Vorsehenslosigkeit

Meaning

Lack of foresight or care for future needs.

Example

His improvidence led to financial difficulties.

Seine Vorsehenslosigkeit führte zu finanziellen Schwierigkeiten.

B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

unfähigkeit

Meaning

the state of being unable to do something

Example

His inability to make decisions affected his career.

Seine Unfähigkeit, Entscheidungen zu treffen, beeinträchtigte seine Karriere.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt/

incompetent

inkompetent

Meaning

Lacking the necessary ability or skills to do something successfully.

Example

He was fired because he was incompetent at his job.

Er wurde entlassen, weil er in seinem Job unfähig war.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɒlərənt/

Meaning

the process or fact of isolating or being isolated; separation from other people or things

Example

The patient was kept in isolation to prevent the spread of the infectious disease.

Der Patient wurde in Isolation gehalten, um die Ausbreitung der ansteckenden Krankheit zu verhindern.

C2 noun /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/

indentation

Einzug

Meaning

A space left at the beginning of a line of text; a notch or deep recess on a surface.

Example

The teacher asked the students to use proper indentation in their essays.

Der Lehrer bat die Schüler, die richtige Einrückung in ihren Aufsätzen zu verwenden.

C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛmpərəns/

intemperance

Intemperanz

Meaning

Lack of moderation or self-control, especially with drinking or eating.

Example

His intemperance in drinking ruined his health.

Seine Intemperanz beim Trinken ruinierte seine Gesundheit.

C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

Darm

Meaning

The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.

Example

The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

Der Arzt erklärte, wie Nährstoffe im Dünndarm aufgenommen werden.

B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

zunächst

Meaning

At the beginning; at first.

Example

Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.

Zu Beginn lehnte er das Angebot ab, nahm es später jedoch an.

C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

Fleiß

Meaning

The quality of being hardworking and diligent.

Example

His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.

Sein Fleiß brachte ihm eine Beförderung bei der Arbeit ein.

B2 adjective ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv

interactive

interaktiv

Meaning

Allowing a two-way flow of information between it and a user, responding to the user's input.

Example

Interactive learning keeps students engaged in lessons.

Interaktives Lernen hält die Schüler in den Lektionen engagiert.

B2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl/

interpersonal

zwischenmenschlich

Meaning

Relating to relationships or communication between people.

Example

He has excellent interpersonal skills and gets along well with others.

Er hat ausgezeichnete zwischenmenschliche Fähigkeiten und kommt gut mit anderen aus.

C1 adjective; noun /ɪˈmɔːrtl/

immortal

unsterblich

Meaning

living forever; never dying; lasting forever in fame or memory

Example

Legends often describe heroes as immortal beings who never die.

Mythen sprechen von unsterblichen Wesen.

C2 adjective /ɪmˈperɪʃəbəl/

Imperishable

unvergänglich; ewig; unsterblich

Meaning

not subject to decay; lasting forever; eternal

Example

The imperishable beauty of classical art continues to inspire generations.

Die unvergängliche Schönheit der klassischen Kunst inspiriert weiterhin Generationen.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

gleichgültig

Meaning

having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another

Example

She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.

Sie war gleichgültig gegenüber dem Ausgang des Spiels.

C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

unverzichtbare Kompetenz

Meaning

Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.

Example

Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.

Digitale Kompetenz ist eine unverzichtbare Kompetenz im 21. Jahrhundert.

B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

faul; inaktiv; nicht arbeitend

Meaning

lazy; inactive; not working or being used

Example

The factory workers were idle during the strike.

Die Fabrikarbeiter waren während des Streiks inaktiv.

C2 verb /ɪˈreɪdieɪt/

irradiate

irradieren

Meaning

to shine light on something; to expose to radiation; to illuminate or brighten

Example

The scientist used a lamp to irradiate the sample.

Der Wissenschaftler verwendete eine Lampe, um die Probe zu irradieren.