C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

indikativ

Meaning

Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.

Example

His tone was indicative of his frustration.

Sein Ton war indikativ für seine Frustration.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

übermäßig

Meaning

Excessive or unusually large in degree.

Example

She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.

Sie verbrachte eine übermäßige Zeit mit ihrem Telefon.

C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

inkognito

Meaning

In disguise or with one's identity concealed.

Example

The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.

Der Promi reiste inkognito, um den Paparazzi zu entkommen.

B1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

Inexpensive

günstig; preiswert; erschwinglich

Meaning

not costing a lot of money; affordable; budget-friendly

Example

This restaurant offers delicious and inexpensive meals for students.

Dieses Restaurant bietet köstliche und günstige Mahlzeiten für Studenten an.

B2 noun /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

interruption

Unterbrechung

Meaning

the act of stopping or breaking the continuity of something; a pause caused by an external action

Example

The meeting was delayed due to an unexpected interruption.

Das Treffen wurde wegen einer unerwarteten Unterbrechung verschoben.

C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

verpflichtend

Meaning

necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.

Example

It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.

Es ist für alle Bürger verpflichtend, das Gesetz zu befolgen.

B2 noun /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/

involvement

Beteiligung

Meaning

the act of taking part in something

Example

His involvement in the project was crucial.

Seine Beteiligung am Projekt war entscheidend.

B2 verb /ɪnˈkwaɪər/

inquire

fragen

Meaning

to ask; to investigate

Example

She inquired about the job opening.

Sie fragte nach der Stellenanzeige.

C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

unmerklich

Meaning

So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive

Example

The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.

Die Veränderungen in seinem Verhalten waren anfangs unmerklich.

B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

unvermeidlich

Meaning

in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented

Example

Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.

Unvermeidlich stand das Team während des Projekts vor Herausforderungen.

C2 adjective ɪˈnɛfəbl

ineffable

unbeschreiblich

Meaning

Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words.

Example

The beauty of the landscape was ineffable.

Die Schönheit der Landschaft war unbeschreiblich.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

unsicher

Meaning

not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious

Example

She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.

Sie fühlte sich unsicher über ihre Leistung in der Prüfung.

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbl/

irreducible

unzerlegbar

Meaning

impossible to reduce or simplify further

Example

The fraction 3/7 is irreducible.

Der Bruch 3/7 ist unzerlegbar.

C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

Inkompetenz

Meaning

Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.

Example

The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.

Das Projekt scheiterte aufgrund der Inkompetenz des Managers.

B1 adjective ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl

industrial

industriell

Meaning

Relating to or characterized by industry.

Example

Industrial sectors boost exports.

Industrielle Sektoren steigern den Export.

C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

Unbescheidenheit

Meaning

lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper

Example

The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.

Der Artikel wurde wegen seines Tons der Unbescheidenheit kritisiert.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈtækt/

intact

intakt

Meaning

Remaining whole, complete, and undamaged.

Example

Despite the storm, the old house remained intact.

Trotz des Sturms blieb das alte Haus intakt.

C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈlɒkjətər/

interlocutor

Gesprächspartner

Meaning

a person who takes part in a conversation or dialogue

Example

She was a skilled interlocutor during the debate.

Sie war eine geschickte Gesprächspartnerin während der Debatte.

C2 verb /ˈɪməleɪt/

immolate

immolieren

Meaning

To kill or sacrifice, especially by burning.

Example

The protesters threatened to immolate themselves in front of the building.

Die Demonstranten drohten, sich vor dem Gebäude zu immolieren.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

unparteiisch; neutral

Meaning

treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral

Example

A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.

Ein guter Richter muss während des gesamten Prozesses unparteiisch bleiben.

C1 noun /ɪnˈækjʊrəsi/

inaccuracy

Ungenauigkeit

Meaning

lack of accuracy or precision; an incorrect or wrong detail

Example

The report contained several factual inaccuracies.

Der Bericht enthielt mehrere Ungenauigkeiten.

C2 noun /ˌɪnsəˈrɛkʃən/

insurrection

aufstand

Meaning

A violent uprising against an authority or government.

Example

The army was called in to suppress the insurrection.

Die Armee wurde gerufen, um den Aufstand zu unterdrücken.

C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

beginn

Meaning

the beginning or initial stage of something

Example

The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.

Das Projekt war noch in seinem Beginn, als die Finanzierung genehmigt wurde.

C2 noun /ˈɪsməs/ or /ˈɪsθməs/

isthmus

Isthmus

Meaning

A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas, often with water on either side.

Example

The Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama.

Der Panamakanal verläuft durch den Isthmus von Panama.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbl/

inextricable

untrennbar

Meaning

Impossible to separate or escape from.

Example

The two friends shared an inextricable bond.

Die beiden Freunde teilten ein untrennbares Band.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

unmenschlich

Meaning

lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage

Example

The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.

Die unmenschliche Behandlung der Gefangenen durch den Diktator schockierte die internationale Gemeinschaft.

C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

Unmittelbarkeit, Dringlichkeit

Meaning

The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.

Example

The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.

Die Unmittelbarkeit der digitalen Kommunikation hat die Geschäftsabläufe verändert.

B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

implication

Implikation

Meaning

A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.

Example

The implication of climate change is severe.

Die Implikation des Klimawandels ist schwerwiegend.

C1 adjective ɪmˈpɛkəbl

impeccable

makellos

Meaning

In accordance with the highest standards; faultless.

Example

His impeccable taste in fashion was admired by all his peers.

Sein makelloser Geschmack in der Mode wurde von allen seinen Kollegen bewundert.

A1 pronoun /aɪ/

i

ich

Meaning

used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself

Example

I am learning English every day.

Ich lerne jeden Tag Englisch.

B2 noun /ˈɪnˌteɪk/

intake

aufnahme

Meaning

the process of taking something in, especially food or drink

Example

He monitored his daily intake of calories to maintain a healthy diet.

Er überwachte seine tägliche Kalorienaufnahme, um eine gesunde Ernährung beizubehalten.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

ungläubig

Meaning

unwilling or unable to believe something

Example

He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.

Er warf ihr einen ungläubigen Blick zu, als sie behauptete, fliegen zu können.

C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

magmatisch

Meaning

Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Example

Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.

Granit ist ein magmatisches Gestein, das häufig im Bauwesen verwendet wird.

A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

sein

Meaning

Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.

Example

The company changed its logo last year.

Das Unternehmen hat letztes Jahr sein Logo geändert.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛp(ə)rəbəl/

inseparable

unzertrennlich

Meaning

Unable to be separated or always together.

Example

The two friends have been inseparable since childhood.

Die beiden Freunde sind seit ihrer Kindheit unzertrennlich.

C2 noun /aɪˈkɒnəklæst/

iconoclast

Ikonoklast

Meaning

A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs, traditions, or institutions.

Example

He was known as an iconoclast who challenged old traditions.

Er war als Ikonoklast bekannt, der alte Traditionen herausforderte.

A2 verb /ɪmˈpruːv/

improve

verbessern

Meaning

to make or become better; to enhance quality or condition

Example

Practice helps improve your skills.

Übung hilft, Ihre Fähigkeiten zu verbessern.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

unmoralisch

Meaning

Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.

Example

He was fired for his immoral behavior.

Er wurde wegen seines unmoralischen Verhaltens entlassen.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈklaɪnd/

inclined

geneigt

Meaning

having a tendency or disposition toward something

Example

He is inclined to help those in need.

Er ist geneigt, den Bedürftigen zu helfen.

A2 noun /ˈɪʃ.uːz/

issues

Probleme

Meaning

Important topics or problems for debate or discussion.

Example

Health issues from pollution are increasing.

Gesundheitsprobleme durch Umweltverschmutzung nehmen zu.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

unbedeutend

Meaning

Not important or significant; too small to matter.

Example

The mistake was minor and inconsequential.

Der Fehler war geringfügig und unbedeutend.

A2 noun /ˈaɪtəm/

item

Artikel

Meaning

A single thing, object, or unit, often part of a list or collection.

Example

Each item on the list must be checked carefully.

Jeder Artikel auf der Liste muss sorgfältig überprüft werden.

B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/

investigate

untersuchen

Meaning

to carry out a systematic inquiry to discover facts or information

Example

The police will investigate the incident thoroughly.

Die Polizei wird den Vorfall gründlich untersuchen.

C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

Intimität; Nähe

Meaning

close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere

Example

The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.

Das Paar schätzte die emotionale Intimität, die sie teilten, mehr als materiellen Besitz.

C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

entzünden

Meaning

To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.

Example

The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.

Die Funken entzündeten die trockenen Blätter in Sekunden.

C2 adverb /ˌɪnsəʊˈmʌtʃ/

insomuch

so sehr

Meaning

to such an extent

Example

He was insomuch tired that he could hardly stand.

Er war so müde, dass er kaum noch stehen konnte.

C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

Unzulänglichkeit

Meaning

lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough

Example

She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.

Trotz ihrer starken Qualifikationen kämpfte sie bei der Arbeit mit Gefühlen der Unzulänglichkeit.

B2 noun /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/

immigration

Einwanderung

Meaning

the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country

Example

Immigration policies vary from country to country.

Die Immigrationspolitik variiert von Land zu Land.

C2 verb /ɪnˈsɪnəˌreɪt/

incinerate

verbrennen

Meaning

to burn something completely until it is reduced to ashes

Example

The city decided to incinerate the medical waste for safety.

Die Stadt beschloss, den medizinischen Müll aus Sicherheitsgründen zu verbrennen.

C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

Binnen

Meaning

Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.

Example

Inland transport boosts local trade.

Binnenverkehr fördert den lokalen Handel.

B2 noun /ˈɪnvənˌtɔːri/

inventory

Inventar

Meaning

A complete list of items, such as goods in stock or property.

Example

The shopkeeper checked the inventory before opening the store.

Der Ladenbesitzer hat das Inventar überprüft, bevor er den Laden öffnete.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl̩/

inadmissible

unzulässig

Meaning

Not allowed, especially as evidence in a court of law.

Example

The judge ruled the evidence inadmissible.

Der Richter erklärte das Beweismaterial für unzulässig.

C1 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɑːɡətɪv/

interrogative

interrogativ

Meaning

Relating to or conveying a question; in grammar, used to form questions.

Example

She raised an interrogative eyebrow when she heard the news.

Sie hob eine interrogative Augenbraue, als sie die Nachricht hörte.

C2 adjective /ˈɪnˌbrɛd/

inbred

angeboren

Meaning

existing naturally in a person or animal; also related to reproduction within a limited community

Example

He has an inbred sense of loyalty.

Er hat ein angeborenes Gefühl der Loyalität.

B2 noun ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən

innovation

Innovation

Meaning

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, product, etc.

Example

Innovation drives solutions to global challenges.

Innovation treibt Lösungen für globale Herausforderungen voran.

B2 noun /ɪnˈvɛstɪˌɡeɪtər/

investigator

Glück

Meaning

a person who carries out a formal inquiry or investigation

Example

The investigator gathered evidence from the crime scene.

Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.

C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛfrəɡəbəl/

irrefragable

unwiderlegbar

Meaning

Impossible to refute, deny, or break

Example

The lawyer presented irrefragable evidence that proved his client’s innocence.

Der Anwalt präsentierte unwiderlegbare Beweise, die die Unschuld seines Mandanten belegten.

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

unwiderlegbar

Meaning

impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable

Example

The evidence against him was irrefutable.

Der Beweis gegen ihn war unwiderlegbar.

C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

interdisziplinär

Meaning

Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.

Example

The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.

Der interdisziplinäre Ansatz in der Bildung fördert Problemlösungsfähigkeiten.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

sorglos

Meaning

Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.

Example

He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.

Er zuckte sorglos mit den Schultern und ging weg.

B1 noun /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

Influence

Einfluss; Macht

Meaning

the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something

Example

The teacher's positive influence helped the student overcome his learning difficulties.

Der positive Einfluss des Lehrers half dem Schüler, seine Lernschwierigkeiten zu überwinden.

C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

Inkompatibilität

Meaning

the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility

Example

The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.

Das Projekt scheiterte wegen der Inkompatibilität zwischen den beiden Softwaresystemen.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

beeinflussen

Meaning

to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe

Example

The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.

Der Lärm von der Baustelle beeinflusst unsere täglichen Aktivitäten.

B2 noun ˈɪnəveɪtɪv tuːlz

innovative tools

innovative Werkzeuge

Meaning

Creative devices or advanced technologies that introduce new methods or approaches to accomplish tasks.

Example

Teachers use innovative tools to enhance classroom learning.

Lehrer verwenden innovative Werkzeuge, um das Lernen im Klassenzimmer zu verbessern.

C1 verb /ɪmˈplɔːr/

implore

bitten

Meaning

To beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something.

Example

She implored him to stay with her.

Sie bat ihn verzweifelt, bei ihr zu bleiben.

C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːnd/

importuned

aufdringlich bitten

Meaning

asked someone persistently and pressingly for something

Example

She importuned her boss for a raise until he finally gave in.

Sie bat aufdringlich um eine Gehaltserhöhung bei ihrem Chef, bis er schließlich nachgab.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/

inexpedient

unangebracht

Meaning

Not advisable, suitable, or practical in the circumstances.

Example

It would be inexpedient to invest without proper research.

Es wäre unangebracht, ohne gründliche Recherche zu investieren.

C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/

imperturbability

Unerschütterlichkeit

Meaning

The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.

Example

Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.

Ihre Unerschütterlichkeit während der Krise beeindruckte alle.

C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

Unfähigkeit

Meaning

lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence

Example

His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.

Seine Unfähigkeit, das Team zu leiten, führte zu ernsthaften Problemen.

C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

berüchtigt

Meaning

well known for some bad quality or deed

Example

The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.

Der Diktator war berüchtigt für seine Grausamkeit.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

gefühllos

Meaning

Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.

Example

His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.

Sein gefühlloser Kommentar hat sie tief verletzt.

A2 verb /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

introduce

vorstellen

Meaning

to present someone; to bring in for the first time

Example

Let me introduce you to my friend.

Lass mich dir meinen Freund vorstellen.

B2 adverb /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/

impatiently

ungeduldig

Meaning

in a manner showing annoyance or restlessness due to delay or waiting

Example

She tapped her fingers impatiently while waiting for the reply.

Sie klopfte ungeduldig mit den Fingern, während sie auf die Antwort wartete.

C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

übrigens

Meaning

by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject

Example

Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?

Übrigens, wusstest du, dass sie in Paris studiert hat?

C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

ineinandergreifen

Meaning

to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined

Example

The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.

Die Zahnräder greifen ineinander, um eine reibungslose Bewegung der Maschine zu gewährleisten.

B2 noun ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

irrigation

bewässerung

Meaning

The artificial application of water to land or soil.

Example

Irrigation systems improve crop yields in dry regions.

Bewässerungssysteme verbessern die Erträge in trockenen Regionen.

B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

integrität

Meaning

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.

Example

Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.

Die Integrität der Lehrer fördert ein positives Lernumfeld.

B1 noun ˈɪn.də.stri

industry

Industrie

Meaning

Economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.

Example

The industry focuses on luxury experiences.

Die Industrie konzentriert sich auf Luxus-Erlebnisse.

B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

islamisch

Meaning

relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings

Example

The city has many Islamic cultural centers.

Die Stadt hat viele islamische Kulturzentren.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

immateriell

Meaning

Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.

Example

Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.

Vertrauen ist eine immaterielle Eigenschaft in Beziehungen.

C2 adjective/verb /ɪnˈkɑːrneɪt/

incarnate

inkarniert

Meaning

to embody or represent in human form; in flesh

Example

She is kindness incarnate.

Sie ist die Güte inkarniert.

B2 verb /ɪnˈhæbɪt/

inhabit

bewohnen

Meaning

to live in; to occupy as a dwelling

Example

Many animals inhabit the forest.

Viele Tiere bewohnen den Wald.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

zahlungsunfähig

Meaning

unable to pay debts owed

Example

The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.

Das zahlungsunfähige Unternehmen konnte seinen finanziellen Verpflichtungen nicht nachkommen.

A2 noun /ˈɪnfoʊ/

info

Information

Meaning

information; knowledge or facts about something or someone

Example

She gave me all the info I needed for the meeting.

Sie gab mir alle Informationen, die ich für das Treffen brauchte.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstɛnsəbl/

inextensible

undehnbar

Meaning

Not capable of being stretched or extended.

Example

This rope is made of an inextensible material.

Dieses Seil ist aus einem undehnbaren Material gemacht.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɜːs/

Inverse

umgekehrt; entgegengesetzt

Meaning

opposite in order, nature, or effect; reversed

Example

There is an inverse relationship between price and demand.

Es gibt eine umgekehrte Beziehung zwischen Preis und Nachfrage.

C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

Störenfried

Meaning

A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.

Example

He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.

Er fühlte sich wie ein Störenfried bei der privaten Familienversammlung.

C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

unüberwindbar

Meaning

Impossible to overcome or surpass.

Example

The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.

Das Team stand während der Expedition vor unüberwindbaren Herausforderungen.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

unerträglich

Meaning

Too extreme to bear; intolerable.

Example

The heat during the summer was insufferable.

Die Hitze im Sommer war unerträglich.

C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

überschwemmen, jemanden oder etwas mit Dingen oder Menschen überfluten, die bearbeitet werden müssen

Meaning

To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with

Example

The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.

Das Unternehmen wurde nach der Werbung mit Anfragen überflutet.

C2 noun /ɪmˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Improbability

Unwahrscheinlichkeit

Meaning

the quality or state of being improbable; unlikely to be true or to happen

Example

The improbability of winning the lottery twice didn't stop her from buying tickets.

Die Unwahrscheinlichkeit, zweimal die Lotterie zu gewinnen, hielt sie nicht davon ab, Tickets zu kaufen.

B2 verb /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/

initiate

einleiten

Meaning

to begin or start; to introduce someone to a new activity

Example

The company will initiate a new training program.

Das Unternehmen wird ein neues Schulungsprogramm einleiten.

C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

Heiden

Meaning

a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own

Example

In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.

In historischen Kontexten bezeichneten Kreuzfahrer ihre Feinde oft als Heiden.

C2 adjective ɪnˈdɒm.ɪ.tə.bəl

indomitable

unbezwingbar

Meaning

Impossible to subdue or defeat.

Example

Her indomitable spirit helped her overcome adversity.

Ihr unbezwungener Geist half ihr, Widrigkeiten zu überwinden.

C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

abgestumpft

Meaning

Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.

Nach Jahren des Leidens war sie an das Schmerzempfinden gewöhnt.

C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

Strahlung

Meaning

the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface

Example

The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.

Die Strahlung der Sonne zur Mittagszeit war überwältigend.

C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

unzulässig

Meaning

Not permitted or allowed.

Example

Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.

Solches Verhalten ist am Arbeitsplatz unzulässig.

C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

Empörung

Meaning

Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.

Example

Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.

Öffentliche Empörung wuchs nach dem ungerechten Urteil.

C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

unvergesslich

Meaning

Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.

Example

Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.

Ihre Rede hinterließ einen unvergesslichen Eindruck beim Publikum.

B1 noun /ˈɪnstəns/

instance

instanz

Meaning

An example or single occurrence of something.

Example

This is just one instance of his generosity.

Dies ist nur ein Beispiel für seine Großzügigkeit.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

unangemessen

Meaning

not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate

Example

His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.

Seine unangemessene Bemerkung ruinierte die Atmosphäre des Treffens.

B1 adjective /ɪnˈfɔːrməl/

Informal

informell; entspannt; locker

Meaning

relaxed and friendly; not official or ceremonial; casual

Example

The meeting was informal and relaxed.

Das Treffen war informell und entspannt.

C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

Erbe

Meaning

a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies

Example

She became the inheritor of her family's estate.

Sie wurde die Erbin des Familienvermögens.

C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

gewöhnen

Meaning

To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.

Example

Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.

Soldaten gewöhnten sich schnell an die harten Bedingungen.

C1 adjective /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

inarticulate

unverständlich

Meaning

Unable to express oneself clearly or effectively in speech or writing.

Example

She became inarticulate with emotion during the speech.

Sie wurde beim Vortrag vor Emotionen unverständlich.

C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

iterieren

Meaning

To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.

Example

The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.

Das Softwareteam wird das Design iterieren, bis es den Benutzeranforderungen entspricht.

B2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət/

intermediate

mittelstufig

Meaning

Coming between two things in time, place, or order; in the middle level or stage.

Example

She is taking an intermediate-level French course.

Sie nimmt einen Französischkurs auf mittlerem Niveau.

C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

Intonation

Meaning

The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.

Example

His inflection kept the audience engaged.

Seine Intonation hielt das Publikum gebannt.

C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

beleuchten

Meaning

To light up or make something clearer.

Example

Streetlights illuminate the road at night.

Straßenlaternen beleuchten die Straße in der Nacht.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

inkongruent

Meaning

Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.

Example

His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.

Seine Witze waren inkongruent während des ernsten Treffens.

C1 noun /ˌɪntɪˈmeɪʃən/

intimation

Andeutung

Meaning

A subtle or indirect hint or suggestion.

Example

She gave no intimation of her plans.

Sie gab keinen Hinweis auf ihre Pläne.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmætʃʊr/

Immature

unreif; nicht vollständig entwickelt; kindlich

Meaning

not fully developed; lacking emotional or intellectual development; childish

Example

His immature behavior during the meeting disappointed everyone.

Sein unreifes Verhalten während des Treffens enttäuschte alle.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

nachsichtig

Meaning

Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.

Example

The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.

Die nachsichtige Mutter ließ ihr Kind lange aufbleiben.

C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsənt/

iridescent

irisierend

Meaning

showing luminous colors that seem to change when seen from different angles

Example

She wore an iridescent dress that sparkled in the light.

Sie trug ein irisierendes Kleid, das im Licht funkelte.

A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

selbst

Meaning

Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.

Example

The cat cleaned itself after eating.

Die Katze putzte sich selbst nach dem Essen.

C2 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈnɑːti/

wichtigerweise

Meaning

in a way that is of great significance or value

Example

Importantly, the report highlights the need for immediate action.

Wichtigerweise hebt der Bericht die Notwendigkeit sofortiger Maßnahmen hervor.