criticism
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B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

Kritik
Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
Die neue Politik hat viel Kritik von der Öffentlichkeit erhalten.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

Übertretung, Verstoß
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
Das Gericht vergab seine erste Übertretung, warnte ihn jedoch, sie nicht zu wiederholen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈtriːvəbl/

irretrievable

unwiederbringlich
Meaning
impossible to recover or regain
Example
The documents were lost in an irretrievable way after the fire.
Die Dokumente wurden nach dem Brand auf unwiederbringliche Weise verloren.
B2 adjective /ˈʃæl.oʊ/

Shallow

oberflächlich; seicht; Mangel an tieferem Wissen
Meaning
not deep; superficial; lacking depth of knowledge
Example
The shallow water is perfect for children to play.
Das seichte Wasser ist perfekt für Kinder zum Spielen.
B1 noun /kluː/

clue

Hinweis
Meaning
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving a puzzle
Example
The detective found a clue near the window.
Der Detektiv fand einen Hinweis in der Nähe des Fensters.
C1 noun dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deliberation

Überlegung
Meaning
Long and careful consideration or discussion.
Example
The agreement was finalized after much deliberation.
Die Vereinbarung wurde nach viel Überlegung finalisiert.
B2 noun ˈθrɛʃhəʊld

threshold

Schwelle, Grenze
Meaning
A point of entry or beginning; the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction to occur.
Example
Once the threshold for pest population is reached, measures must be taken.
Sobald die Schwelle für die Schädlingpopulation erreicht ist, müssen Maßnahmen ergriffen werden.
A1 verb /siː/

see

sehen
Meaning
to perceive with the eyes; to understand; to meet
Example
I can see the mountain from here.
Ich kann den Berg von hier sehen.
B2 noun /ˈpoʊ.di.əm/

Podium

Pult
Meaning
a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience
Example
The winner stood on the podium to receive the gold medal.
Der Gewinner stand auf dem Podium, um die Goldmedaille zu empfangen.
A2 noun /ˈwʌndər/

wonder

Wunder
Meaning
a feeling of amazement and admiration, caused by something beautiful, remarkable, or unfamiliar
Example
The view from the mountain was a true wonder.
Der Blick vom Berg war ein wahres Wunder.
C2 noun /ˈtɒnʃər/

tonsure

Tonsur
Meaning
the practice of shaving or cutting the hair on the scalp, especially in a religious context
Example
The monk received his tonsure as part of his religious initiation.
Der Mönch erhielt seine Tonsur im Rahmen seiner religiösen Initiation.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.saɪt/

Eyesight

Sehvermögen
Meaning
the ability to see; vision
Example
Regular eye checkups are important for maintaining good eyesight.
Regelmäßige Augenuntersuchungen sind wichtig, um das Sehvermögen zu erhalten.
A2 noun /ˈkʊki/

cookie

Keks
Meaning
a small sweet baked food, usually with flour, sugar, and butter
Example
She offered me a chocolate chip cookie.
Sie bot mir einen Schokoladenkeks an.
A2 noun /piːs/

peace

Frieden
Meaning
a state of tranquility or quiet, freedom from disturbance
Example
They hope for peace in the region.
Sie hoffen auf Frieden in der Region.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.set/

Sunset

Sonnenuntergang
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon
Example
The romantic sunset painted the sky in golden colors.
Der romantische Sonnenuntergang malte den Himmel in goldenen Farben.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛnəbl/

tenable

verteidigbar
Meaning
able to be defended or maintained against attack or objection
Example
His argument was strong and tenable in court.
Sein Argument war stark und verteidigbar vor Gericht.
B2 noun /ˈlɔɪəlti/

loyalty

loyalität
Meaning
a strong feeling of support or allegiance
Example
His loyalty to the company earned him great respect.
Seine Loyalität gegenüber dem Unternehmen verschaffte ihm großen Respekt.
C1 verb, noun /mʊər/

moor

festmachen / unbebautes land
Meaning
As a verb: to tie a ship so that it stays in place. As a noun: open, uncultivated land.
Example
The sailors moored the ship at the dock.
Die matrosen haben das schiff am dock vertäut.
B2 noun /ˈleɪbərər/

laborer

Arbeiter
Meaning
a person who does physical work, especially work that requires strength rather than skill
Example
The laborer worked long hours at the construction site.
Der Arbeiter arbeitete lange Stunden auf der Baustelle.
B1 noun /ˈpɑː.vər.t̬i/

Poverty

Armut; Mangel an grundlegenden Bedürfnissen
Meaning
the state of being extremely poor; lack of basic necessities
Example
Many organizations work to reduce poverty around the world.
Viele Organisationen arbeiten daran, die Armut weltweit zu verringern.
B2 verb, noun /sniːz/

sneeze

niesen
Meaning
to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth due to irritation; the act of sneezing
Example
I had to sneeze during the meeting.
Ich musste während des Treffens niesen.
B2 verb prəˈmoʊtɪŋ

promoting

fördern
Meaning
Supporting or actively encouraging; helping to develop or increase.
Example
Promoting practical education ensures skill development.
Die Förderung praktischer Bildung stellt die Entwicklung von Fähigkeiten sicher.
B1 noun flæɡz

flags

Flagge
Meaning
A piece of cloth or similar material, typically oblong or square, attachable by one edge to a pole or rope.
Example
The streets were decorated with national flags.
Die Straßen waren mit nationalen Flaggen dekoriert.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

phytochemikalien
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Phytochemikalien im grünen Tee helfen, Entzündungen zu reduzieren.
B2 adjective /ˈɒp.ʃən.əl/

Optional

optional
Meaning
not compulsory; left to choice
Example
Wearing a tie is optional for this event.
Das Tragen einer Krawatte ist für diese Veranstaltung optional.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæl.ɪ.breɪt/

recalibrate

neu kalibrieren, anpassen
Meaning
To calibrate again or differently; to adjust or correct something based on new information or changed circumstances.
Example
The company had to recalibrate its strategies to adapt to the market.
Das Unternehmen musste seine Strategien neu kalibrieren, um sich dem Markt anzupassen.
C2 verb ˈɑːb.fə.skeɪt

obfuscate

verschleiern, unklar machen, verwirren
Meaning
Render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
Example
Politicians often obfuscate facts to mislead people.
Politiker verschleiern oft Fakten, um die Menschen zu täuschen.
C2 noun /miːd/

mead

Met
Meaning
An alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.
Example
The Vikings were known to drink large amounts of mead during feasts.
Die Wikinger waren bekannt dafür, große Mengen Met bei Festen zu trinken.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

compulsory

verpflichtend
Meaning
Required by law or a rule; obligatory.
Example
Wearing seat belts is compulsory in most countries.
Das Tragen von Sicherheitsgurten ist in den meisten Ländern verpflichtend.
A2 adjective /ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl/

digital

digital
Meaning
Relating to, using, or storing data or information in the form of digital signals; involving or relating to the use of computer technology.
Example
The world is shifting towards a digital economy.
Die Welt bewegt sich hin zu einer digitalen Wirtschaft.
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

retten
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
Sie haben es geschafft, einige Waren aus dem Feuer zu retten.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈwaɪz/

unwise

unklug
Meaning
Showing poor judgment; not sensible or prudent.
Example
It would be unwise to invest all your money in one company.
Es wäre unklug, dein ganzes Geld in eine einzige Firma zu investieren.
A2 noun /ˈer.ər/

Error

Fehler; Irrtum
Meaning
a mistake; something done incorrectly or wrong
Example
The error in the calculation led to incorrect results.
Der Fehler in der Berechnung führte zu falschen Ergebnissen.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.plʌs/

surplus

überschuss
Meaning
An amount that is more than what is needed.
Example
The country has a surplus of food this year.
Das Land hat in diesem Jahr einen Überschuss an Lebensmitteln.
B2 noun hɛdʒ

hedge

Absicherungsstrategie
Meaning
A way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances.
Example
Investors use hedging strategies to protect against market volatility.
Investoren nutzen Absicherungsstrategien, um sich vor Marktschwankungen zu schützen.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instruktiv
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
Der Vortrag war sehr lehrreich und fesselnd.
C2 noun /bəˈθɪm.ə.tri/

bathymetry

Bathymetrie
Meaning
The measurement of depth of water in oceans, seas, or lakes.
Example
Bathymetry is essential for understanding oceanic topography.
Bathymetrie ist wichtig, um die ozeanische Topografie zu verstehen.
C1 phrase ˌhjuː.məˈnɪt.ər.i.kəˈtæs.trə.fi

humanitarian catastrophe

humanitäre Katastrophe
Meaning
A widespread disaster affecting human life, health, and well-being on a large scale.
Example
The war created a humanitarian catastrophe.
Der Krieg schuf eine humanitäre Katastrophe.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/

lifetime

lebenszeit
Meaning
The duration of a person's life or the existence of something.
Example
She achieved more in her lifetime than most people dream of.
Sie erreichte mehr in ihrer Lebenszeit als die meisten Menschen träumen.
C2 verb /ˈfɒn.dəl/

fondle

streicheln
Meaning
To stroke or caress lovingly or gently.
Example
She fondled the kitten gently in her lap.
Sie streichelte das Kätzchen sanft in ihrem Schoß.
B1 adjective /ˈhoʊmləs/

homeless

obdachlos
Meaning
Without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets.
Example
The organization helps homeless people find shelter.
Die Organisation hilft obdachlosen Menschen, ein Dach zu finden.
B1 noun pəˈfɔː.məns

performance

Leistung
Meaning
The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Example
Performance improvements boost confidence.
Leistungsverbesserungen steigern das Vertrauen.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

mit Wimpern
Meaning
Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.
Example
The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.
Die ziliierten Zellen im Atmungstrakt helfen dabei, Schleim aus der Lunge zu transportieren.
B2 noun /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/

cargo

Fracht
Meaning
goods carried by a ship, plane, or other transport
Example
The ship was loaded with valuable cargo.
Das Schiff war mit wertvoller Fracht beladen.
A1 noun /ˈɪntənet/

internet

globales Computernetzwerk
Meaning
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.
Example
The internet has revolutionized the way we access information.
Das Internet hat die Art und Weise revolutioniert, wie wir auf Informationen zugreifen.
C1 noun /ˈlæd.i/

laddie

junger Junge
Meaning
A young boy or lad.
Example
The old man gave the young laddie a kind smile.
Der alte Mann schenkte dem jungen Buben ein freundliches Lächeln.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtɪsənt/

reticent

zurückhaltend
Meaning
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily; reserved
Example
She was reticent about her personal life.
Sie war zurückhaltend in Bezug auf ihr persönliches Leben.
C1 noun /mɒb/

Mob

Mob; eine Gruppe, die auf gewalttätige Weise handelt
Meaning
a large crowd of people; a group that acts in a violent way
Example
An angry mob gathered outside the building.
Eine wütende Menschenmenge versammelte sich vor dem Gebäude.
A1 noun /ˈhoʊmwɜːrk/

homework

hausaufgabe
Meaning
schoolwork that a student does at home
Example
I need to finish my math homework before dinner.
Ich muss meine Mathe-Hausaufgabe vor dem Abendessen beenden.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

stoisch, unbeweglich
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Sie blieb stoisch während der Krise, ohne Angst oder Panik zu zeigen.
C1 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv

revolutionary initiative

revolutionäre Initiative
Meaning
A groundbreaking action or plan that brings about significant change or transformation.
Example
The revolutionary initiative promotes sustainable energy.
Die revolutionäre Initiative fördert nachhaltige Energie.
A2 adjective /ˈpriː.vi.əs/

Previous

vorherig
Meaning
occurring before in time or order; earlier; former
Example
I reviewed the previous chapter before starting the new one.
Ich habe das vorherige Kapitel überprüft, bevor ich mit dem neuen begann.
C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

zementiertes Grab
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
Das zementierte Grab der Märtyrer wurde nahe dem Fluss gesehen.
C2 verb /kənˈsɪlieɪt/

conciliate

versöhnen
Meaning
to stop someone from being angry; to win over by friendly acts
Example
He tried to conciliate the angry customer with an apology.
Er versuchte, den wütenden Kunden mit einer Entschuldigung zu versöhnen.
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

wichtige Person
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
Mehrere ausländische Würdenträger nahmen am Staatsbankett teil.
C1 noun /ˈwʊd.ən ˈsæn.dəl/

Wooden sandal

Holzsandale
Meaning
a type of footwear made of wood, typically worn as traditional shoes
Example
She wore wooden sandals to the traditional ceremony.
Sie trug Holzsandalen bei der traditionellen Zeremonie.
C1 noun /ɡəˈrɪlə/

guerrilla

Guerillakämpfer
Meaning
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
Example
The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions.
Die Guerillakämpfer setzten Hinterhalte ein, um die feindlichen Positionen anzugreifen.
A2 verb /əˈnaʊns/

announce

ankündigen
Meaning
to make a formal public statement about something
Example
The company will announce the new product tomorrow.
Das Unternehmen wird das neue Produkt morgen ankündigen.
C2 noun /ˈbeɪlɔːr/

bailor

Hinterleger
Meaning
a person who temporarily transfers possession of goods or property to another under a bailment agreement
Example
The bailor entrusted the valuable artwork to the museum for safekeeping.
Der Hinterleger übergab das Kunstwerk dem Museum.
B2 noun /daɪˈnæmɪks/

dynamics

Dynamik
Meaning
the forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process
Example
The dynamics of the team changed after the new manager joined.
Die Dynamik des Teams änderte sich, nachdem der neue Manager beigetreten war.
C1 adjective /ˈreɡ.jʊ.lə.tər.i/

Regulatory

regulatorisch
Meaning
Having the power to control or govern something through rules and regulations.
Example
The government enforces regulatory policies for financial stability.
Die Regierung setzt regulatorische Richtlinien zur finanziellen Stabilität um.
B1 noun /ʃɔːr/

Shore

Ufer; Küste; Strand
Meaning
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other body of water
Example
We walked along the shore collecting seashells.
Wir gingen entlang des Ufers und sammelten Muscheln.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʌɡjələr/

jugular

jugularvene
Meaning
A large vein in the neck that carries blood from the head back to the heart.
Example
The doctor checked the patient's jugular vein for signs of pressure.
Der Arzt überprüfte die jugularvene des Patienten auf Anzeichen von Druck.
A2 noun ˈbræntʃɪz

Branches

Äste
Meaning
A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or from a bough.
Example
Family tree branches show the relationship between family members.
Die Äste des Stammbaums zeigen die Beziehung zwischen den Familienmitgliedern.
B2 adjective /ˈtaɪm.li/

Timely

zeitgerecht; pünktlich
Meaning
happening at the right time; punctual
Example
His timely arrival saved the meeting.
Seine pünktliche Ankunft rettete das Treffen.
C1 adjective /kənˈdjuː.sɪv/

conducive

förderlich
Meaning
Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible; contributing to or helping to bring about.
Example
A quiet environment is conducive to studying.
Eine ruhige Umgebung ist förderlich für das Studium.
C1 verb /ˌʌn.dəˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

undercharge

weniger berechnen
Meaning
To charge less than the correct or fair amount.
Example
The shopkeeper accidentally undercharged me for the groceries.
Der Ladenbesitzer hat mich versehentlich für die Lebensmittel weniger berechnet.
C2 noun /vərˈmɪl.jən/

Vermillion

leuchtend rot-orange Farbe; ein Pigment dieser Farbe
Meaning
a bright red-orange color; a pigment of this color
Example
The artist used vermillion paint for the sunset.
Der Künstler benutzte vermillionfarbene Farbe für den Sonnenuntergang.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːzli/

measly

winzig
Meaning
contemptibly small or insignificant
Example
He was paid a measly sum for the hard work.
Er wurde für die harte Arbeit mit einem winzigen Betrag bezahlt.
A2 noun /bel/

Bell

glocke
Meaning
a hollow metal device that makes a ringing sound when struck
Example
The church bell rang at noon.
Die Kirchenglocke läutete mittags.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈkaɪnd/

Unkind

grausam; nicht nett
Meaning
cruel; not nice or caring toward others
Example
It was unkind of him to make fun of her appearance.
Es war unfreundlich von ihm, sich über ihr Aussehen lustig zu machen.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

Franchise
Meaning
A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.
Example
He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.
Er eröffnete eine neue Fast-Food-Franchise in der Stadt.
C1 adjective /ˈnɒnʃələnt/

nonchalant

Meaning
Appearing calm, casual, and unconcerned.
Example
He gave a nonchalant shrug and walked away.
A1 verb /kliːn/

clean

reinigen
Meaning
To make something free from dirt, marks, or mess.
Example
She cleaned the kitchen before the guests arrived.
Sie reinigte die Küche, bevor die Gäste ankamen.
B2 noun fəˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

fertility

fruchtbarkeit
Meaning
The quality of being fertile; fruitfulness.
Example
Fertility of the soil is crucial for farming.
Die Fruchtbarkeit des Bodens ist entscheidend für die Landwirtschaft.
C1 adjective /əˈprɛs.ɪv/

Oppressive

unterdrückend
Meaning
Harsh and authoritarian; overwhelming; causing distress; tyrannical;
Example
The oppressive heat made it difficult to work outside during the summer.
Die drückende Hitze erschwerte die Arbeit im Freien während des Sommers.
B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.fəl/

Shameful

beschämend; ehrlos; peinlich
Meaning
causing shame; disgraceful; embarrassing
Example
His shameful behavior embarrassed the entire family.
Sein beschämendes Verhalten beschämte die ganze Familie.
C2 noun /kəmˈpɒz.ɪ.tər/

Compositor

Komponist
Meaning
a person who arranges type for printing or creates musical compositions
Example
The compositor carefully arranged the text for the newspaper.
Der Komponist arrangierte sorgfältig den Text für die Zeitung.
B2 noun /ˈswiː.pər/

Sweeper

Kehrmaschine
Meaning
a person whose job is to clean floors and streets by sweeping
Example
The sweeper cleaned the school corridor every morning.
Der Kehraus reinigte jeden Morgen den Schulflur.
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

verboten
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
Die verbotenen Gesetze wurden in der Region streng durchgesetzt.
B2 verb /ˈsʌməraɪz/

summarize

zusammenfassen
Meaning
To give a brief statement of the main points of something
Example
She summarized the report in just a few minutes.
Sie fasste den Bericht in nur wenigen Minuten zusammen.
A2 noun /ɡæs/

gas

Gas
Meaning
A substance like air that is neither solid nor liquid and can expand freely.
Example
The balloon was filled with gas.
Der Ballon war mit Gas gefüllt.
B2 noun /ˈsɛtlər/

settler

Siedler
Meaning
a person who settles in a new area or land
Example
The settlers arrived in the new town and started building homes.
Die Siedler kamen in die neue Stadt und begannen, Häuser zu bauen.
C2 verb /sɪˈkwɛstreɪt/

sequestrate

beschlagnahmen
Meaning
To take legal possession of assets until a debt is paid or disputes are resolved.
Example
The court decided to sequestrate the company's property.
Das Gericht entschied, das Eigentum des Unternehmens zu beschlagnahmen.
A2 noun /waɪn/

wine

Wein
Meaning
an alcoholic drink made from fermented grapes or other fruits
Example
They served a glass of red wine at the dinner.
Sie haben ein Glas Rotwein zum Abendessen serviert.
C2 adjective /ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/

circumspect

vorsichtig, bedacht, umsichtig
Meaning
Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.
Example
Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.
Investoren müssen vorsichtig sein, bevor sie Entscheidungen treffen.
C1 verb /daɪˈluːt/

dilute

verdünnen
Meaning
To make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent.
Example
You should dilute the juice with water before serving it to children.
Du solltest den Saft mit Wasser verdünnen, bevor du ihn den Kindern servierst.
B2 noun /əˈfɛns/

offense

Vergehen
Meaning
an illegal act; a crime
Example
The offense was committed in broad daylight.
Das Vergehen wurde bei Tageslicht begangen.
B1 noun /ˈvɒl.juːm/

volume

Volumen
Meaning
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container
Example
The volume of water in the tank increased after the rain.
Das Volumen des Wassers im Tank nahm nach dem Regen zu.
A2 noun /teɪst/

Taste

Geschmack; persönliche Vorliebe
Meaning
the sensation produced when food touches the tongue; personal preference or liking
Example
This cake has a sweet taste that I really enjoy.
Dieser Kuchen hat einen süßen Geschmack, den ich wirklich genieße.
B2 adjective /ˈpær.ə.lel/

Parallel

parallel
Meaning
side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; similar or corresponding
Example
The two roads run parallel to each other for several miles.
Die beiden Straßen verlaufen parallel zueinander über mehrere Meilen.
B1 noun /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/

banking

Bankwesen oder Bankdienstleistungen
Meaning
the business or services provided by a bank
Example
Online banking has made financial transactions easier.
Online-Banking hat finanzielle Transaktionen erleichtert.
C1 noun /joʊk/

Yoke

Joch
Meaning
a wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to a plow or cart; a burden or oppressive situation
Example
The oxen were joined by a wooden yoke.
Die Ochsen waren mit einem Holzjoch verbunden.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɜrvɪd/

perfervid

sehr enthusiastisch
Meaning
intensely passionate or fervent
Example
She gave a perfervid speech in defense of human rights.
Sie hielt eine sehr enthusiastische Rede zur Verteidigung der Menschenrechte.
C2 noun /ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ/

braggadocio

angeberisches Verhalten
Meaning
boastful or arrogant behavior; empty boasting
Example
His endless braggadocio annoyed everyone at the party.
Sein endloses angeberisches Verhalten nervte alle auf der Party.
A2 adverb /ˈnoʊwɛr/

Nowhere

nirgends
Meaning
not anywhere; in no place
Example
I searched everywhere but the keys were nowhere to be found.
Ich habe überall gesucht, aber die Schlüssel waren nirgends zu finden.
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

Redseligkeit
Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
Seine Redseligkeit machte ihn zu einem erfolgreichen Radio-Moderator.
B1 noun /ˈænəlɪst/

analyst

Analyst
Meaning
a person who studies or examines something carefully to understand it or make decisions
Example
The financial analyst predicted a rise in the stock market.
Der Finanzanalyst sagte einen Anstieg des Aktienmarktes voraus.
C1 noun ɔːrˈdiːl

ordeal

harte Prüfung
Meaning
A physical or mental painful experience that must be endured
Example
Surviving the wilderness was a tough ordeal for them.
Das Überleben in der Wildnis war eine harte Prüfung für sie.
B1 adverb /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

initially

zunächst
Meaning
At the beginning; at first.
Example
Initially, he refused the offer but later accepted it.
Zu Beginn lehnte er das Angebot ab, nahm es später jedoch an.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

durchdringen
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
Der Duft frischer Blumen durchzog den ganzen Raum.
B2 adjective ɪnˈev.ɪ.tə.bəl

inevitable

unvermeidlich
Meaning
Certain to happen; unavoidable.
Example
Death is an inevitable part of life.
Der Tod ist ein unvermeidlicher Teil des Lebens.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

Grimasse
Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
Er verzog das Gesicht, als er die saure Frucht probierte.
C2 verb /beɪt/

bate

verringern, dämpfen
Meaning
to lessen or restrain; to diminish the force or intensity of something
Example
He spoke with bated breath as he waited for the result.
Er sprach mit angehaltener Atmung, während er auf das Ergebnis wartete.
B2 adverb /əˈdɪʃənəli/

additionally

zusätzlich
Meaning
in addition to what has been said or done
Example
Additionally, we offer discounts for early bookings.
Zusätzlich bieten wir Rabatte für frühe Buchungen an.
C1 verb (past) /ˈmɛrɪtɪd/

merited

verdient
Meaning
Deserved or earned something.
Example
Her dedication merited recognition from the community.
Ihr Engagement hat die Anerkennung der Gemeinschaft verdient.
B1 adverb /ˈfɪzɪkəli/

physically

körperlich
Meaning
in a physical manner; relating to the body
Example
She is physically strong and healthy.
Sie ist physisch stark und gesund.
B2 noun /hʌb/

hub

zentrale
Meaning
the central part of a place or activity where things converge
Example
The city is the hub of the country's trade network.
Die Stadt ist das Zentrum des Handelsnetzwerks des Landes.
C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

stückchenweise
Meaning
Gradually, little by little.
Example
The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.
Das alte Schloss fiel stückchenweise in Ruinen.
C2 noun /fiːf/

fief

ein Landbesitz, der unter dem Feudalsystem gehalten wird; ein Bereich oder Gebiet der Kontrolle
Meaning
an estate of land held under the feudal system; a domain or area of control
Example
The knight was granted a fief by the lord for his service.
Der Ritter erhielt ein Lehen vom Herrn für seinen Dienst.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

ermutigen
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
Die Worte des Trainers ermutigten das Team, aggressiv zu spielen.
B1 noun /rɪˈkʌvəri/

recovery

Genesung
Meaning
the process of recovering or returning to a normal state
Example
The patient is in recovery after the surgery.
Der Patient ist nach der Operation in der Genesung.
C1 noun /rɪt/

writ

gerichtlicher Befehl
Meaning
A formal written order issued by a court.
Example
The judge issued a writ of habeas corpus.
Der Richter erließ einen Habeas-Corpus-Befehl.
B2 noun /məˈtʃʊrəti/

Maturity

Reife
Meaning
The state of being mature; full development physically or emotionally
Example
With age comes wisdom and emotional maturity.
Mit dem Alter kommen Weisheit und emotionale Maturität.
B2 noun /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

establishment

Einrichtung
Meaning
An organization, business, or system; the act of setting something up.
Example
The restaurant is a new establishment in town.
Das Restaurant ist eine neue Einrichtung in der Stadt.
C1 verb /dɪˈpriːʃieɪt/

depreciate

abwerten
Meaning
to reduce in value over time
Example
Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years.
Autos neigen dazu, schnell an Wert zu verlieren in den ersten Jahren.
C1 noun /ʌnkənˈsɜːrn/

Unconcern

Desinteresse
Meaning
lack of worry or interest; indifference
Example
She showed complete unconcern about the criticism.
Sie zeigte völlige Gleichgültigkeit gegenüber der Kritik.
C1 noun ˌfɜːr.tɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

fertilization

düngung
Meaning
The process of adding nutrients to soil to increase crop productivity.
Example
Organic fertilization enhances soil health.
Organische Düngung verbessert die Bodenqualität.
B2 adjective /æbˈnɔːr.məl/

abnormal

abnormal
Meaning
deviating from what is normal or usual, typically in a way that is undesirable
Example
The doctor noticed an abnormal growth in the patient’s lung.
Der Arzt bemerkte ein abnormales Wachstum in der Lunge des Patienten.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

Abgrund
Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
Die Kletterer schauten in den dunklen Abgrund darunter.