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C2 adjective /ˈkɒŋɡruənt/

congruent

kongruent
Meaning
in agreement or harmony; having the same shape and size in geometry
Example
Their values are congruent with the goals of the organization.
Ihre Werte stimmen mit den Zielen der Organisation überein.
C2 noun /niˈɒlədʒi/

neology

Die Verwendung neuer Wörter oder das Studium ihrer Herkunft
Meaning
The use of new words or the study of their origin.
Example
The professor specialized in neology, studying the creation of modern slang.
Der Professor spezialisierte sich auf Neologie und untersuchte die Entstehung modernen Slangs.
C2 verb /ˈdiːfælˌkeɪt/

defalcate

veruntreuen
Meaning
to misuse or embezzle money that one is responsible for
Example
The accountant was accused of defalcating company funds.
Der Buchhalter wurde beschuldigt, Unternehmensgelder zu veruntreuen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkɔːrˈpɔːriəl/

incorporeal

inkorporell
Meaning
lacking a physical body; not composed of matter; intangible
Example
Ghosts are often described as incorporeal beings.
Gespenster werden oft als inkorporeelle Wesen beschrieben.
C2 verb /bɪˈdɔːb/

bedaub

beschmieren
Meaning
to smear or cover with a sticky or dirty substance
Example
The children bedaubed the wall with paint.
Die Kinder beschmierten die Wand mit Farbe.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɪstəns/

desistance

Desistenz
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing from some action or behavior.
Example
The court urged his desistance from further unlawful activities.
Das Gericht forderte ihn auf, von weiteren illegalen Aktivitäten Abstand zu nehmen.
C2 noun /red ˌəʊ.liˈæn.dər/

Red oleander

rote Oleander
Meaning
a poisonous flowering shrub with bright red or pink flowers
Example
The red oleander blooms throughout the summer months.
Der rote Oleander blüht den ganzen Sommer über.
C2 adjective /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

bracing

erfrischend
Meaning
Invigorating, refreshing, or providing strength and energy.
Example
The hikers enjoyed the bracing mountain air.
Die Wanderer genossen die erfrischende Bergluft.
C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

stehlen
Meaning
to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way
Example
He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.
Er versuchte, ein Buch aus der Bibliothek zu stehlen, ohne bemerkt zu werden.
C2 noun /ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ piː/

Butterfly Pea

Schmetterlingserbse
Meaning
a blue flowering plant with butterfly-shaped flowers, used to make herbal tea
Example
Butterfly pea flowers turn tea into a beautiful blue color.
Schmetterlingserbsenblüten färben den Tee in ein wunderschönes Blau.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

Palinode
Meaning
a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work
Example
The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.
Der Dichter schrieb eine Palinode, um sich für seine früheren harten Worte zu entschuldigen.
C2 noun /ˈsætræp/

satrap

Satrap
Meaning
a governor of a province in ancient Persia; also used figuratively for a subordinate ruler
Example
The king appointed a satrap to oversee the distant province.
Der König ernannte einen Satrapen, um die abgelegene Provinz zu überwachen.
C2 noun /ˌmɔːzəˈliːəm/

mausoleum

Mausoleum
Meaning
A large stately building that houses a tomb or several tombs.
Example
The king was buried in a grand mausoleum.
Der König wurde in einem prächtigen Mausoleum beerdigt.
C2 verb /breɪ/

bray

schnauben
Meaning
To make a loud, harsh sound like a donkey.
Example
The donkey began to bray loudly in the field.
Der Esel begann laut zu schnauben auf dem Feld.
C2 noun /mɪf/

miff

kleiner Streit
Meaning
A petty quarrel or annoyance.
Example
They had a slight miff over the seating arrangement.
Sie hatten einen kleinen Streit über die Sitzordnung.
C2 verb /ɛkˈskɔːrieɪt/

excoriate

schärfste Kritik üben
Meaning
To strongly criticize someone; to denounce severely.
Example
The critic excoriated the film for its poor script.
Der Kritiker übte schärfste Kritik an dem Film wegen seines schlechten Drehbuchs.
C2 adjective /dʒərˈmeɪn/

germane

relevant
Meaning
Relevant and appropriate to the subject being considered.
Example
Her comments were not germane to the discussion.
Ihre Kommentare waren nicht relevant für die Diskussion.
C2 noun /ˈhaɪərlɪŋ/

hireling

Hilfsarbeiter
Meaning
A person who works for payment only, often with little loyalty or principle.
Example
The mercenary was dismissed as just a hireling with no real loyalty.
Der Söldner wurde als einfacher hireling ohne wahre Loyalität entlassen.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəbl/

remediable

behebbar
Meaning
capable of being corrected or cured
Example
The mistake was serious but still remediable.
Der Fehler war ernst, aber immer noch behebbbar.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɪsəbl/

immiscible

unlöslich
Meaning
Describes liquids that do not mix together.
Example
Oil and water are immiscible liquids.
Öl und Wasser sind unlösliche Flüssigkeiten.
C2 noun /ˈblʌfər/

bluffer

Angeber
Meaning
a person who pretends to be more confident, skilled, or knowledgeable than they really are; someone who deceives others by bluffing
Example
Everyone eventually realized that he was just a bluffer with no real experience.
Am Ende merkten alle, dass er ein Angeber war.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ˌɛr.i/

apiary

Imkerei
Meaning
A place where beehives are kept, especially for commercial purposes.
Example
The farmer built a new apiary to produce organic honey.
Der Bauer baute einen neuen Imkerei, um Bio-Honig zu produzieren.
C2 noun /kənˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

conglomeration

konglomerat
Meaning
A collection or mixture of different things grouped together.
Example
The market is a conglomeration of small shops and food stalls.
Der Markt ist ein Konglomerat aus kleinen Läden und Essensständen.
C2 adjective /mɜːrˈkjʊriəl/

mercurial

unbeständig
Meaning
subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.
Example
She is known for her mercurial temperament.
Sie ist bekannt für ihr unbeständiges Temperament.
C2 noun /ˌmɛtəmˌsaɪˈkoʊsɪs/

metempsychosis

Seelenwanderung
Meaning
The supposed transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death.
Example
Ancient philosophers often debated the idea of metempsychosis.
Antike Philosophen diskutierten oft über die Seelenwanderung.
C2 noun /ˈspɒt.ɪd sneɪk hed/

Spotted snake head

Schlangenkopffisch
Meaning
a type of freshwater fish with spotted markings and an elongated head resembling a snake
Example
The spotted snake head is a popular fish for aquaculture in South Asia.
Der Schlangenkopffisch ist in Südasien ein beliebter Fisch für die Aquakultur.
C2 adverb /əˈθwɔːrt/

athwart

quer, im Gegensatz
Meaning
Across or in opposition to something.
Example
A fallen tree lay athwart the road, blocking traffic.
Ein umgefallener Baum lag quer auf der Straße und blockierte den Verkehr.
C2 verb /ˈrævɪʃ/

ravish

verzaubern
Meaning
To fill with intense delight; to captivate or enchant.
Example
The beauty of the sunset ravished the travelers.
Die Schönheit des Sonnenuntergangs verzauberte die Reisenden.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs/

ingenuous

gutgläubig
Meaning
Innocent, naive, and unsuspecting; showing childlike simplicity and sincerity.
Example
Her ingenuous smile revealed her genuine kindness.
Ihr gutgläubiges Lächeln zeigte ihre wahre Freundlichkeit.
C2 noun /ˈmædrɪɡəl/

madrigal

Madrigal
Meaning
A short, lyrical poem set to music, typically from the Renaissance period.
Example
The choir performed a beautiful madrigal from the 16th century.
Der Chor führte ein schönes Madrigal aus dem sechzehnten Jahrhundert auf.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

phytochemikalien
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Phytochemikalien im grünen Tee helfen, Entzündungen zu reduzieren.
C2 noun /ˈtɛsteɪtər/

testator

testator
Meaning
a person who has made a will
Example
The lawyer read the will of the deceased testator.
Der Anwalt las das Testament des verstorbenen Testators.
C2 noun /slaɪt/

sleight

Geschicklichkeit
Meaning
Skill or dexterity, especially in performing tricks.
Example
The magician amazed the crowd with his sleight of hand.
Der Zauberer erstaunte die Menge mit seiner Geschicklichkeit.
C2 adjective /ˈkoʊməˌtoʊs/

comatose

komatös
Meaning
In a state of deep unconsciousness, resembling or related to coma.
Example
The comatose patient was kept under constant observation.
Der komatöse Patient wurde unter ständiger Beobachtung gehalten.
C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

mehrfarbig
Meaning
having two or more different colors, typically in blotches
Example
The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.
Die piebald Katze hatte schwarze und weiße Flecken auf ihrem Körper.
C2 noun /ˌbɪbliəʊˈmeɪniə/

bibliomania

Bibliomanie
Meaning
An extreme obsession with collecting or possessing books.
Example
His bibliomania led him to fill every room with books.
Seine Bibliomanie führte dazu, dass er jedes Zimmer mit Büchern füllte.
C2 adjective /pərˈspɪkjuəs/

perspicuous

klar
Meaning
Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
Example
The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory.
Der Lehrer gab eine klare Erklärung der Theorie.
C2 noun /pɒmˈpɒsəti/

pomposity

Pompösität, Arroganz
Meaning
self-important behavior or exaggerated dignity
Example
His speech was full of pomposity and arrogance.
Seine Rede war voller Pomposität und Arroganz.
C2 verb /bɪˈfɒɡ/

befog

vernebeln
Meaning
to confuse or make unclear; to cover with fog or mist
Example
His mind was befogged by exhaustion.
Sein Geist war durch Erschöpfung verwirrt.
C2 noun /tɔːˈtɒlədʒi/

tautology

überflüssige Wiederholung
Meaning
the unnecessary repetition of the same idea in different words
Example
The phrase 'it will happen or it won’t' is a tautology.
Der Satz 'es wird passieren oder es wird nicht passieren' ist eine Tautologie.
C2 verb /ˈtʃɔːrtl/

chortle

fröhlich lachen
Meaning
to laugh in a breathy, gleeful way
Example
The audience chortled at the comedian's witty remarks.
Das Publikum lachte über die witzigen Bemerkungen des Komikers.
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

Zorn, Wut
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
Die neue Politik erregte den Zorn der Mitarbeiter.
C2 adjective /ænˈdrɒdʒɪnəs/

androgynous

androgyn
Meaning
Having both male and female characteristics; not clearly masculine or feminine.
Example
The fashion show featured models with an androgynous look.
Die Modenschau zeigte Modelle mit einem androgynen Look.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

dissipation

Verschwendung
Meaning
the process of disappearing or wasting; excessive indulgence in pleasure
Example
The dissipation of his fortune left him in poverty.
Die Verschwendung seines Vermögens brachte ihn in Armut.
C2 adjective /ˌsuː.pər.ɪˈrɑː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/

supererogatory

überflüssig
Meaning
Going beyond what is required or expected; more than necessary.
Example
His donation was supererogatory, far beyond what anyone had asked for.
Seine Spende war überflüssig, weit mehr, als jemand erwartet hatte.
C2 verb ˈlev.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ

levitating

schwebend
Meaning
Rising and hovering in the air, especially as a result of supernatural or magical power.
Example
The levitating structure is an engineering marvel.
Die schwebende Struktur ist ein Ingenieurwunder.
C2 noun /seɪn/

seine

großes Netz
Meaning
A large fishing net that hangs vertically in the water.
Example
The fishermen cast their seine into the river.
Die Fischer warfen ihr großes Netz in den Fluss.
C2 noun /ˈoʊɡər/

ogre

Oger
Meaning
A mythical monster, often depicted as large, hideous, and cruel; metaphorically, a cruel or terrifying person.
Example
The villagers feared the ogre who lived in the dark forest.
Die Dorfbewohner fürchteten den Oger, der im dunklen Wald lebte.
C2 verb /ˈfʌdəl/

fuddle

verwirren
Meaning
To confuse or stupefy, especially with alcohol or overwhelming information.
Example
The complicated instructions fuddled the new employees.
Die komplizierten Anweisungen verwirrten die neuen Mitarbeiter.
C2 adjective /əˈfɪʃəs/

officious

aufdringlich
Meaning
Excessively eager to offer unwanted help or advice; meddlesome.
Example
The officious guard kept interrupting the visitors with unnecessary instructions.
Der aufdringliche Wächter unterbrach die Besucher mit unnötigen Anweisungen.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːdreɪ/

padre

Priester
Meaning
A title for a priest, especially in the Roman Catholic Church; also used informally for 'father'.
Example
The soldiers attended mass led by the padre.
Die Soldaten nahmen an der Messe teil, die vom Priester geleitet wurde.
C2 noun /ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

signification

Bedeutung
Meaning
the meaning or sense conveyed by a word, action, or symbol
Example
The signification of the gesture was misunderstood.
Die Bedeutung der Geste wurde missverstanden.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈsɛsər/

intercessor

Vermittler
Meaning
a person who intervenes or pleads on behalf of another
Example
He acted as an intercessor to resolve the conflict between the two families.
Er trat als Vermittler auf, um den Konflikt zwischen den beiden Familien zu lösen.
C2 noun /ˌfjuːzɪˈleɪd/

fusillade

Feuerstoß
Meaning
A series of shots fired or missiles thrown all at the same time or in quick succession.
Example
The soldiers advanced under a fusillade of bullets.
Die Soldaten rückten unter einem Feuerstoß vor.
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

verboten
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
Die verbotenen Gesetze wurden in der Region streng durchgesetzt.
C2 adjective /ɪɡˈnoʊ.bəl/

Ignoble

ehrenlos; niederträchtig; gemein
Meaning
dishonorable; not noble in character; base or mean
Example
His ignoble actions betrayed his friends' trust.
Seine ehrenlosen Taten verrieten das Vertrauen seiner Freunde.
C2 noun /ˌɒnəˈreəriəm/

honorarium

honorar
Meaning
A payment given for professional services that are rendered without a fee.
Example
The guest lecturer received an honorarium for her talk.
Der Gastdozent erhielt ein Honorar für ihren Vortrag.
C2 adjective /ˈlaɪbələs/

libelous

verleumderisch
Meaning
containing or constituting a false published statement that damages a person's reputation
Example
The article was found to be libelous and had to be retracted.
Der Artikel wurde als verleumderisch befunden und musste zurückgezogen werden.
C2 noun ট্রোপোস্ফিয়ার

troposphere

troposphäre
Meaning
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Example
The troposphere is where weather phenomena occur.
Die Troposphäre ist der Ort, an dem Wetterphänomene auftreten.
C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

Futter für das Vieh
Meaning
food or provisions, especially for livestock
Example
The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.
Der Stall war mit Futter für das Vieh gefüllt.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪdəˈluːviən/

antediluvian

uralt
Meaning
extremely old-fashioned; belonging to the time before the biblical flood
Example
His views on women are positively antediluvian.
Seine Ansichten über Frauen sind positiv uralt.
C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

Leichentuch
Meaning
A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.
Example
The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.
Die Dorfbewohner bauten ein Leichentuch, um den Verstorbenen zu ehren.
C2 noun/adjective /rɪˈmɒnstrənt/

remonstrant

Protestierer
Meaning
A person who makes a forceful protest (noun); protesting or objecting (adjective).
Example
He was a remonstrant voice in the assembly.
Er war eine protestierende Stimme in der Versammlung.
C2 adjective /trænsˈfjuːzəbl̩/

transfusible

transfusionsfähig
Meaning
capable of being transfused, especially referring to blood or fluids
Example
Only transfusible blood types are used in the hospital.
Nur transfusionsfähige Blutgruppen werden im Krankenhaus verwendet.
C2 noun /ˈpɑr.bəl/

Parbal

spitzgurke
Meaning
A green vegetable also known as pointed gourd, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
Mother prepared parbal curry with fish.
Mutter bereitete Curry mit spitzgurke und Fisch zu.
C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

reisen
Meaning
To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.
Example
The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.
Der Missionar reiste durch die Region, um die Botschaft zu verbreiten.
C2 noun /ˈbɜːrɡər/

burgher

Bürger
Meaning
A citizen of a town, typically a member of the wealthy middle class.
Example
The burgher was respected as a prosperous merchant in the city.
Der Bürger wurde als wohlhabender Kaufmann in der Stadt respektiert.
C2 noun /dɪˈprævɪti/

depravity

Verdorbenheit
Meaning
moral corruption; wickedness
Example
The film portrays the moral depravity of a corrupt society.
Der Film porträtiert die moralische Verdorbenheit einer korrumpierten Gesellschaft.
C2 noun /ɪnˈhɪərəns/

inherence

Inhärenz
Meaning
The state of being an essential or permanent part of something.
Example
The inherence of risk is part of every business venture.
Das Inherente Risiko ist Teil jedes geschäftlichen Vorhabens.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/

viscount

Vizegraf
Meaning
A British nobleman ranking below an earl and above a baron.
Example
The viscount inherited the estate from his father.
Der Vizegraf erbte das Anwesen von seinem Vater.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpælpəbəl/

impalpable

unfühlbar
Meaning
unable to be felt by touch; difficult to grasp or understand
Example
There was an impalpable sense of fear in the room.
Es gab ein unfühlbares Gefühl der Angst im Raum.
C2 adjective /mɔːrˈdeɪʃəs/

mordacious

scharf oder bissig
Meaning
Sharp or biting in style, tone, or remark; sarcastic.
Example
The critic’s mordacious review offended the author.
Die scharfe und bissige Rezension des Kritikers beleidigte den Autor.
C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

Priorat
Meaning
a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress
Example
The old priory was converted into a museum.
Das alte Priorat wurde in ein Museum umgewandelt.
C2 noun /draɪd roʊz ˈpɛtəlz/

Dried Rose Petals

getrocknete Rosenblätter
Meaning
dehydrated petals from roses used for culinary and aromatic purposes
Example
The dessert was garnished with dried rose petals.
Das Dessert wurde mit getrockneten Rosenblättern garniert.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪdrəs/

hydrous

wasserhaltig
Meaning
Containing water, especially water of crystallization.
Example
The mineral is hydrous because it contains water molecules in its structure.
Das Mineral ist hydriert, da es Wassermoleküle in seiner Struktur enthält.
C2 verb /əbˈvɜːrt/

obvert

umkehren
Meaning
To turn something so as to face in a different direction; in logic, to convert a proposition by negating both subject and predicate.
Example
The teacher asked the students to obvert the statement for practice.
Der Lehrer bat die Schüler, die Aussage zum Üben zu obvertieren.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪˌɪzəm/

archaism

Archaismus
Meaning
a word, expression, or style of language that is no longer in everyday use
Example
The poem is full of archaisms that give it an old-fashioned flavor.
Das Gedicht ist voller Archaismen, die ihm einen altmodischen Geschmack verleihen.
C2 verb /bɪlk/

bilk

betrügen
Meaning
To cheat or defraud someone of money or rights.
Example
The scammer tried to bilk elderly people out of their savings.
Der Betrüger versuchte, älteren Menschen ihr Erspartes zu stehlen.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

germinal
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development.
Example
The idea was still in its germinal stage.
Die Idee war noch in ihrer germinalen Phase.
C2 adjective /prəˈvaɪzəri/

provisory

vorläufig
Meaning
conditional; depending on certain terms being met
Example
The arrangement was only provisory until the final contract was signed.
Die Vereinbarung war nur vorläufig, bis der endgültige Vertrag unterschrieben wurde.
C2 noun /ˈmæl.əˌfæk.tər/

malefactor

Übeltäter
Meaning
A person who commits a crime or does evil.
Example
The malefactor was arrested for the robbery.
Der Übeltäter wurde wegen des Raubs verhaftet.
C2 verb /ˈkælvɪnaɪz/

calvinize

Mit den Prinzipien des Calvinismus erfüllen
Meaning
to imbue with the principles or doctrines of Calvinism
Example
The preacher sought to calvinize the community with strict teachings.
Der Prediger versuchte, die Gemeinde mit strengen Lehren zu kalvinisieren.
C2 noun /ˌkɔːrnjuˈkoʊpiə/

cornucopia

ein Überfluss oder eine überlaufende Versorgung mit etwas
Meaning
an abundance or overflowing supply of something
Example
The festival offered a cornucopia of fruits and sweets.
Das Festival bot eine Cornucopia an Früchten und Süßigkeiten.
C2 verb /ˈsʌpjʊˌreɪt/

suppurate

Eiter absondern
Meaning
to form or discharge pus, usually as a result of infection
Example
The wound began to suppurate after a few days.
Die Wunde begann nach ein paar Tagen zu suppurieren.
C2 adjective /ˈdɛprɪkətɔːri/

deprecatory

abwertend
Meaning
expressing disapproval or belittling
Example
He gave a deprecatory remark about their performance.
Er machte eine abwertende Bemerkung über ihre Leistung.
C2 verb /ˌdɪspəˈzɛs/

dispossess

enteignen
Meaning
to deprive someone of land, property, or other possessions
Example
The new law threatened to dispossess many farmers of their land.
Das neue Gesetz drohte, vielen Bauern ihr Land zu entziehen.
C2 verb /ˈdæli/

dally

trödeln
Meaning
To act or move slowly; to waste time; also to engage in a casual romantic relationship.
Example
He dallied in the garden instead of starting his work.
Er zögerte im Garten, anstatt mit seiner Arbeit zu beginnen.
C2 adjective /spɪk/

Spick

extrem sauber und ordentlich; makellos
Meaning
extremely clean and neat; immaculate
Example
The house was spick and span after the cleaning.
Das Haus war nach der Reinigung blitzsauber und ordentlich.
C2 verb /prəˈpɪʃieɪt/

propitiate

beschwichtigen
Meaning
to win or regain the favor of someone by doing something that pleases them
Example
He offered gifts to propitiate the angry gods.
Er bot Geschenke an, um die wütenden Götter zu beschwichtigen.
C2 noun /ɛmˈpɪrɪˌsɪzəm/

empiricism

Empirismus
Meaning
the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience
Example
Empiricism argues that knowledge comes from experience and observation.
Der Empirismus argumentiert, dass Wissen aus Erfahrung und Beobachtung kommt.
C2 noun /əˌbɑː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/

abomination

Abscheulichkeit
Meaning
a thing that causes disgust or hatred
Example
Slavery was considered an abomination.
Sklaverei wurde als Abscheulichkeit angesehen.
C2 noun /ˈkwɔːrtoʊ/

quarto

Buchformat Quarto
Meaning
A book size resulting from folding each printed sheet into four leaves (eight pages).
Example
The library has rare Shakespeare quartos.
Die Bibliothek besitzt seltene Shakespeare-Quartos.
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

Zooplankton
Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
Zooplankton spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der aquatischen Nahrungskette.
C2 noun /kɒzˈmɒɡ.rə.fi/

cosmography

Kosmographie
Meaning
the science or art of mapping the universe or cosmos
Example
Medieval scholars practiced cosmography to chart the stars and planets.
Mittelalterliche Gelehrte praktizierten Kosmographie, um die Sterne und Planeten zu kartieren.
C2 adjective /haɪˈbɜːrnəl/

hibernal

winterlich
Meaning
Relating to or occurring in winter.
Example
The hibernal season is often harsh in the mountains.
Die winterliche Jahreszeit ist in den Bergen oft hart.
C2 adjective /ˈfrəʊərd/

froward

stubborn
Meaning
Difficult to deal with; contrary and disobedient.
Example
The teacher found the froward child hard to manage.
Der Lehrer fand das störrische Kind schwer zu handhaben.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌl.i/

gully

Schlucht, Bach
Meaning
A narrow channel or ravine worn away by water.
Example
After the storm, the road was cut by a deep gully.
Nach dem Sturm wurde die Straße von einem tiefen Tal durchzogen.
C2 verb /kəˈmɪz.ə.reɪt/

commiserate

Mitgefühl oder Mitleid für das Unglück eines anderen ausdrücken
Meaning
To express sympathy or compassion for someone's misfortune.
Example
She called her friend to commiserate after his loss.
Sie rief ihren Freund an, um nach seinem Verlust Mitgefühl zu zeigen.
C2 noun /θiˈɒkrəsi/

theocracy

Theokratie
Meaning
A system of government in which priests or religious leaders rule in the name of God or a deity.
Example
The country was governed as a theocracy where religious leaders had supreme authority.
Das Land wurde als Theokratie regiert, in der religiöse Führer die höchste Autorität hatten.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

Antiphon
Meaning
a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle
Example
The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.
Der Chor sang die Antiphon, bevor er das Hauptlied begann.
C2 /laɪð/

lithe

geschmeidig und anmutig
Meaning
thin, supple, and graceful in movement
Example
The lithe dancer captivated the audience with her graceful spins.
Die geschmeidige Tänzerin fesselte das Publikum mit ihren anmutigen Drehungen.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒɡnəθəs/

prognathous

vorgewölbte Kiefer
Meaning
Having jaws that project forward beyond the rest of the face.
Example
The fossil displayed a distinctly prognathous skull structure.
Das Fossil zeigte eine deutlich vorgewölbte Kieferskelettstruktur.
C2 adverb /ˈɡeɪmli/

gamely

tapfer
Meaning
in a brave, spirited, or determined manner
Example
She gamely accepted the challenge despite the difficulties.
Sie nahm die Herausforderung tapfer an, trotz der Schwierigkeiten.
C2 adjective /ˈbɛlɪˌkoʊs/

bellicose

streitlustig
Meaning
Showing a tendency to argue or fight; aggressive.
Example
His bellicose attitude often got him into unnecessary conflicts.
Seine streitlustige Haltung brachte ihn oft in unnötige Konflikte.
C2 noun /hʊˈzɑːr/

hussar

hussar
Meaning
a member of a light cavalry regiment in European armies, especially the Hungarian cavalry
Example
The hussar rode swiftly across the battlefield.
Der Hussar ritt schnell über das Schlachtfeld.
C2 noun /ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən/

valediction

Abschiedsrede
Meaning
The act of saying farewell; a formal goodbye.
Example
The professor gave a touching valediction at his retirement ceremony.
Der Professor hielt eine berührende Abschiedsrede bei seiner Ruhestand Zeremonie.
C2 noun /rɛtʃ/

wretch

unglücklicher Mensch
Meaning
an unfortunate or miserable person; a despicable or contemptible person
Example
The poor wretch was left out in the cold with no shelter.
Der arme unglückliche Mensch wurde ohne Obdach in der Kälte zurückgelassen.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɛnʃən/

dissension

Dissens
Meaning
Strong disagreement or difference of opinion, especially leading to discord within a group.
Example
The meeting ended in dissension among the committee members.
Das Treffen endete in Dissens unter den Mitgliedern des Komitees.
C2 verb /ˈnɪɡəl/

niggle

leicht aber anhaltend stören
Meaning
to cause slight but persistent annoyance, discomfort, or worry
Example
A small doubt niggled at her mind.
Ein kleiner Zweifel nagte an ihrem Geist.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

Gradation
Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
Die Künstlerin verwendete eine subtile Gradation der Farben in ihrem Gemälde.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptɑːrki/

heptarchy

Heptarchie
Meaning
A group of seven rulers or governments, especially the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England.
Example
The history book described the heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England.
Das Geschichtsbuch beschrieb die Heptarchie von Anglo-Saxon England.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

unzweifelbar
Meaning
Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.
Example
It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.
Es ist unzweifelbar, dass harte Arbeit zum Erfolg führt.
C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

Schönheit
Meaning
physical beauty
Example
The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.
Die Schauspielerin wurde für ihre Schönheit und ihr Talent bewundert.
C2 noun /meɪndʒ/

mange

Raubmilbenkrankheit
Meaning
a skin disease in animals caused by parasitic mites, leading to hair loss and sores
Example
The stray dog was suffering from mange.
Der streunende Hund litt an Raubmilbenkrankheit.
C2 noun /ˈprɑːflɪɡəsi/

profligacy

Verschwendung
Meaning
reckless wastefulness or extravagance
Example
His profligacy with money led him to bankruptcy.
Seine Verschwendung von Geld führte ihn in den Bankrott.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈprɛsəbl/

incompressible

uncompressibel
Meaning
Not able to be pressed or squeezed into a smaller space.
Example
Liquids are generally considered incompressible.
Flüssigkeiten gelten im Allgemeinen als uncompressibel.
C2 adjective /trænzˈæl.paɪn/

transalpine

jenseits der Alpen
Meaning
situated beyond or across the Alps, especially from the viewpoint of Italy
Example
The Romans referred to France as Transalpine Gaul.
Die Römer bezeichneten Frankreich als Transalpine Gallien.
C2 adjective /nɪˈfɛəriəs/

nefarious

verwerflich, kriminell oder moralisch schlecht
Meaning
Wicked, criminal, or morally bad.
Example
The police uncovered a nefarious plot to cheat investors.
Die Polizei deckte eine verwerfliche Verschwörung auf, um Investoren zu betrügen.
C2 verb /ˈæntɪdeɪtɪd/

antedated

rückdatiert
Meaning
assigned to an earlier date than the actual one; happened earlier
Example
The letter was antedated to appear more official.
Der Brief wurde zurückdatiert, um offizieller zu erscheinen.
C2 adjective /ɪˈlɪmɪtəbl/

illimitable

unermesslich
Meaning
Without limits or bounds.
Example
The universe is often described as illimitable.
Das Universum wird oft als unermesslich beschrieben.
C2 noun /ˈɑb.lə.kwi/

Obloquy

harte Kritik oder verbaler Missbrauch; öffentliche Verurteilung
Meaning
harsh criticism or verbal abuse; strong public condemnation
Example
The politician faced obloquy after the scandal.
Der Politiker sah sich nach dem Skandal scharfer Kritik ausgesetzt.