close-hauled
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C2 adjective /ˌkloʊs ˈhɔːld/

close-hauled

gegen den Wind segeln
Meaning
of a sailing ship, sailing as nearly as possible towards the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Example
The yacht was close-hauled as it cut through the waves.
Die Yacht segelte gegen den Wind und schnitt durch die Wellen.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɒndərəbl̩/

imponderable

unermesslich
Meaning
Something difficult or impossible to estimate, assess, or understand
Example
The outcome of the election depends on many imponderable factors.
Das Ergebnis der Wahl hängt von vielen unermesslichen Faktoren ab.
C2 adjective /ˌʌltrəˈmɒnteɪn/

ultramontane

Papstanhänger
Meaning
beyond the mountains, especially referring to support for the Pope over local church authority
Example
The debate highlighted the ultramontane position in church politics.
Die Debatte hob die ultramontane Position in der Kirchenpolitik hervor.
C2 adjective /səˈræfɪk/

seraphic

seraphisch
Meaning
Of or like a seraph; angelic, pure, and blissful.
Example
She gave him a seraphic smile that calmed his fears.
Sie schenkte ihm ein seraphisches Lächeln, das seine Ängste beruhigte.
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

plenar
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
Der Ausschuss hielt eine plenare Sitzung ab, um alle wichtigen Angelegenheiten zu besprechen.
C2 verb /ˈɔːltərˌkeɪt/

altercate

streiten
Meaning
to argue or dispute angrily or noisily
Example
The neighbors began to altercate over the boundary wall.
Die Nachbarn begannen, sich über die Grenzmauer zu streiten.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

goldhaltig
Meaning
Containing or producing gold.
Example
The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.
Die Bergleute entdeckten einen goldhaltigen Gang in den Bergen.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈtjuːpərəbl̩/

vituperable

tadelnswert
Meaning
Deserving of blame, censure, or harsh criticism.
Example
His reckless actions made him vituperable in the eyes of his colleagues.
Seine rücksichtslosen Handlungen machten ihn in den Augen seiner Kollegen tadelnswert.
C2 noun /fiːˈkʌndɪti/

fecundity

Fruchtbarkeit, Fekundität
Meaning
the ability to produce an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertility
Example
The fecundity of the river delta supports diverse wildlife.
Die Fruchtbarkeit des Flussdeltas unterstützt die vielfältige Tierwelt.
C2 noun /ˈwɒntənnəs/

wantonness

grundlose Grausamkeit
Meaning
The quality of being reckless, cruel, or deliberately malicious.
Example
His wantonness shocked everyone at the gathering.
Seine grundlose Grausamkeit schockierte alle auf der Versammlung.
C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ/

disavow

verleugnen
Meaning
to deny responsibility for or connection with something
Example
He disavowed any involvement in the scandal.
Er leugnete jede Beteiligung an dem Skandal.
C2 noun /ˈbʊlwərk/

bulwark

Bollwerk
Meaning
A strong wall or defensive structure; something that provides protection or support.
Example
The fortress walls served as a bulwark against enemy attacks.
Die Festungsmauern dienten als Bollwerk gegen feindliche Angriffe.
C2 noun /ˌfɔːrɔːrdɪˈneɪʃən/

foreordination

Vorherbestimmung
Meaning
the act of determining something in advance; predestination
Example
The doctrine of foreordination suggests that events are fixed by divine will.
Die Doktrin der Vorherbestimmung schlägt vor, dass Ereignisse durch göttlichen Willen festgelegt sind.
C2 noun /ˈhɛdʒɪrə/ or /hɪˈdʒaɪrə/

hegira

Exodus, Migration
Meaning
a journey, especially when undertaken to escape from a dangerous or undesirable situation
Example
The refugees began their hegira across the desert.
Die Flüchtlinge begannen ihre Exodus durch die Wüste.
C2 noun /ˈtuːb.roʊz/

Tube-rose

Tuberose
Meaning
a night-blooming flower with an intensely sweet fragrance, native to Mexico
Example
The tuberose flowers filled the evening air with their heavenly scent.
Die Tuberosen füllten die Abendluft mit ihrem himmlischen Duft.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkʌmfɪtɪŋ/

discomfiting

peinlich
Meaning
Causing unease, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
His discomfiting questions made everyone shift uncomfortably in their seats.
Seine peinlichen Fragen brachten alle dazu, sich unbehaglich in ihren Sitzen zu rühren.
C2 noun /ˈænʒənuː/

ingenue

unschuldige junge Frau
Meaning
an innocent, naïve young woman, especially as represented in literature or theater
Example
She played the role of the ingénue in the play with great charm.
Sie spielte die Rolle der unschuldigen jungen Frau im Stück mit viel Charme.
C2 noun /ˈlæɡ.ərd/

Laggard

eine Person, die langsame Fortschritte macht und hinter den anderen zurückbleibt
Meaning
a person who makes slow progress and falls behind others; someone who is slow to act
Example
The laggard student finally submitted his assignment after the deadline.
Der zurückgebliebene Student reichte schließlich seine Aufgabe nach der Frist ein.
C2 noun /ˈkwaɪəˌtuːd/

quietude

Ruhe
Meaning
A state of stillness and tranquility.
Example
She enjoys the quietude of the countryside.
Sie genießt die Ruhe der Landschaft.
C2 noun səˈtaɪ.ə.ti

satiety

Sättigung
Meaning
The feeling of being satisfied or full, especially with regard to food.
Example
High-fiber foods provide longer satiety.
Ballaststoffreiche Lebensmittel bieten eine längere Sättigung.
C2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

equivocal

mehrdeutig
Meaning
Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.
Example
His equivocal answer confused everyone.
Seine mehrdeutige Antwort verwirrte alle.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈstɪntɪŋ/

unstinting

großzügig
Meaning
given generously without holding back
Example
She received unstinting support from her family.
Sie erhielt großzügige Unterstützung von ihrer Familie.
C2 adjective /ˌiːvənˈhændɪd/

evenhanded

unparteiisch
Meaning
Fair and impartial; showing no bias or favoritism.
Example
The judge was praised for her evenhanded approach to the case.
Die Richterin wurde für ihre unparteiische Herangehensweise an den Fall gelobt.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

vermutet
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Sie ist die vermutete Kandidatin für die Partei.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

hawthorn

dorniger Strauch
Meaning
A thorny shrub or small tree with white or pink flowers, often used for hedges.
Example
The garden was lined with blooming hawthorn bushes.
Der Garten war mit blühenden Weißdornbüschen umgeben.
C2 adjective /əˈluːviəl/

alluvial

alluvial
Meaning
Relating to or derived from alluvium (loose soil or sediment deposited by rivers).
Example
The farmers cultivate crops on the fertile alluvial plains.
Die Bauern bauen auf den fruchtbaren alluvialen Ebenen Pflanzen an.
C2 noun /ˌɡrɛnəˈdɪə/

grenadier

Granatwerfer
Meaning
A soldier who specialized in throwing grenades; later used to describe an elite infantryman.
Example
The grenadier stood proudly at the front of the regiment.
Der Grenadier stand stolz an der Spitze des Regiments.
C2 noun /ˈhaɪərlɪŋ/

hireling

Hilfsarbeiter
Meaning
A person who works for payment only, often with little loyalty or principle.
Example
The mercenary was dismissed as just a hireling with no real loyalty.
Der Söldner wurde als einfacher hireling ohne wahre Loyalität entlassen.
C2 adjective /vɛˈstɪdʒiəl/

vestigial

vestigial
Meaning
Relating to a small, undeveloped remnant of something that was once much larger or more functional.
Example
Humans have a vestigial tailbone that no longer serves its original purpose.
Menschen haben ein vestigiales Steißbein, das seine ursprüngliche Funktion nicht mehr erfüllt.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprəʊtʃəbl̩/

irreproachable

tadellos
Meaning
Beyond criticism; faultless.
Example
The judge was known for his irreproachable integrity.
Der Richter war bekannt für seine tadellose Integrität.
C2 adjective /ˈɡloʊboʊs/

globose

globos
Meaning
Spherical or nearly spherical in shape.
Example
The cactus has large globose fruits.
Der Kaktus hat große, globöse Früchte.
C2 noun /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

sagacity

tiefes Wissen
Meaning
The quality of being sagacious; having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
Example
His sagacity made him a great leader.
Seine Sagazität machte ihn zu einem großartigen Führer.
C2 adjective /rɪˈdjuːsəbl̩/

reducible

reduzierbar
Meaning
capable of being simplified, lessened, or made smaller
Example
The problem is complex but reducible to a few basic principles.
Das Problem ist komplex, aber auf einige grundlegende Prinzipien reduzierbar.
C2 noun /ˈɛpənɪm/

eponym

Namensgeber
Meaning
A person after whom a discovery, invention, place, or other thing is named.
Example
Sandwich is an eponym named after the Earl of Sandwich.
Sandwich ist ein Eponym, das nach dem Earl von Sandwich benannt wurde.
C2 noun /ˈdɛftnəs/

deftness

Geschicklichkeit
Meaning
Skillfulness and quickness in action or thought.
Example
Her deftness with words impressed the audience.
Ihre Geschicklichkeit mit Worten beeindruckte das Publikum.
C2 verb /ˈbɜːrnɪʃ/

burnish

aufpolieren
Meaning
To polish something by rubbing; to enhance or improve.
Example
He burnished the old table until it shone.
Er polierte den alten Tisch, bis er glänzte.
C2 adjective /ˈæfərənt/

afferent

afferenz
Meaning
carrying impulses toward a central organ or part, especially toward the brain or spinal cord
Example
Afferent nerves carry signals from the body to the brain.
Afferente Nerven übertragen Signale vom Körper zum Gehirn.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

Palinode
Meaning
a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work
Example
The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.
Der Dichter schrieb eine Palinode, um sich für seine früheren harten Worte zu entschuldigen.
C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪti/

polity

Politik, Regierungssystem
Meaning
an organized society or form of government
Example
The ancient Greek polity had a system of city-states.
Die antike griechische Politik hatte ein System von Stadtstaaten.
C2 noun /koʊˈædʒətər/

coadjutor

Hilfsbischof
Meaning
a person who helps or assists another, especially in a religious or official capacity
Example
The bishop appointed a coadjutor to assist him with his duties.
Der Bischof ernannte einen Hilfsbischof, um ihm bei seinen Aufgaben zu helfen.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

Irreverenz
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Seine Witze über Religion zeigten Irreverenz gegenüber den heiligen Traditionen.
C2 verb /ˈɛkskʌlpeɪt/

exculpate

exkulpieren
Meaning
to show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing
Example
The lawyer worked hard to exculpate his client.
Der Anwalt hat hart gearbeitet, um seinen Mandanten zu exkulpieren.
C2 noun /ˈdræɡˌnɛt/

dragnet

Durchsuchung
Meaning
A systematic search or investigation, often by police to catch criminals.
Example
The police launched a dragnet to capture the fugitives.
Die Polizei startete eine Durchsuchung, um die Flüchtigen zu fangen.
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

vorsehbar
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
Ihre rechtzeitige Rettung wurde als vorsehbar angesehen.
C2 adjective ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.prəˈtek.tɪv

neuroprotective

neuroprotektiv
Meaning
Having the ability to protect nerve cells from damage, degeneration, or impaired function.
Example
Omega-3 fatty acids have neuroprotective benefits.
Omega-3-Fettsäuren haben neuroprotektive Vorteile.
C2 adjective /dʒɪˈdʒuːn/

jejune

naiv / oberflächlich / uninteressant
Meaning
Naive, simplistic, and superficial; also dull or uninteresting.
Example
The professor dismissed the essay as jejune and lacking depth.
Der Professor wies den Aufsatz als naiv und ohne Tiefe zurück.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

Konkordat
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
Das Konkordat legte die Rechte der Kirche im Land fest.
C2 verb /skʌlk/

skulk

schleichen
Meaning
to move or hide secretly, often because you are planning something bad or are feeling guilty
Example
He tried to skulk in the shadows to avoid being seen.
Er versuchte, sich im Schatten zu schlichen, um nicht gesehen zu werden.
C2 noun /ɪmp/

imp

kleiner schelmischer Teufel
Meaning
a small mischievous devil or sprite; a playful troublemaker
Example
The child was acting like a little imp, hiding his toys everywhere.
Das Kind benahm sich wie ein kleiner Teufel, der seine Spielzeuge überall versteckte.
C2 noun /ɡəˈruːlɪti/

garrulity

übermäßiges Geplauder
Meaning
Excessive talkativeness, especially about trivial matters.
Example
His garrulity made it hard to focus during the meeting.
Sein übermäßiges Geplauder machte es schwierig, sich während des Treffens zu konzentrieren.
C2 adjective /ˈfrɪski/

Frisky

lebendig; energisch; verspielt; schelmisch
Meaning
lively; energetic; playful; mischievous
Example
The frisky puppy ran around the garden playfully.
Der fröhliche Welpe rannte verspielt durch den Garten.
C2 noun /meɪndʒ/

mange

Raubmilbenkrankheit
Meaning
a skin disease in animals caused by parasitic mites, leading to hair loss and sores
Example
The stray dog was suffering from mange.
Der streunende Hund litt an Raubmilbenkrankheit.
C2 noun /ˈæmɪti/

amity

Freundschaft
Meaning
A friendly relationship between people or countries.
Example
The treaty helped maintain amity between the neighboring nations.
Der Vertrag half, die Freundschaft zwischen den benachbarten Nationen zu erhalten.
C2 noun /ˈfɛndər/

fender

Kotflügel
Meaning
a part of a vehicle that frames a wheel well to protect against mud or debris
Example
The car's fender was dented in the accident.
Der Fender des Autos wurde im Unfall eingedrückt.
C2 noun /aɪər/

ire

Zorn, Wut
Meaning
intense anger or rage
Example
The new policy provoked the ire of the employees.
Die neue Politik erregte den Zorn der Mitarbeiter.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

ermahnend
Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
Die ermahnenden Worte des Managers motivierten das Team, härter zu arbeiten.
C2 noun /ɪmˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Improbability

Unwahrscheinlichkeit
Meaning
the quality or state of being improbable; unlikely to be true or to happen
Example
The improbability of winning the lottery twice didn't stop her from buying tickets.
Die Unwahrscheinlichkeit, zweimal die Lotterie zu gewinnen, hielt sie nicht davon ab, Tickets zu kaufen.
C2 adjective /ˈmæk.jʊˌleɪ.tɪd/

maculated

befleckt
Meaning
Spotted or stained; marked with blemishes.
Example
The maculated surface of the old mirror gave it a unique charm.
Die befleckte Oberfläche des alten Spiegels verlieh ihm einen einzigartigen Charme.
C2 noun, verb /əˈfrʌnt/

affront

Affront
Meaning
An action or remark that causes outrage or offense.
Example
He took her criticism as a personal affront.
Er nahm ihre Kritik als persönlichen Affront.
C2 adjective /ˌɪm.pəˈfɛk.tə.bəl/

imperfectible

unperfektibel
Meaning
Incapable of being made perfect or complete.
Example
Some human qualities are considered imperfectible.
Einige menschliche Eigenschaften gelten als unperfektibel.
C2 verb /swɪl/

swill

gierig trinken
Meaning
to drink something greedily or in large amounts
Example
He swilled down the beer in seconds.
Er trank das Bier in Sekunden.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

leichtgläubig
Meaning
Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.
Example
The credulous child believed every story she heard.
Das leichtgläubige Kind glaubte jede Geschichte, die es hörte.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

aufdringlich
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Der aufdringliche Verkäufer rief immer wieder an, trotz wiederholter Ablehnungen.
C2 adjective /ˈbɑː.bər.əs/

Barbarous

barbarisch; grausam; wild
Meaning
extremely cruel; uncivilized; savage
Example
The barbarous treatment of prisoners was condemned by human rights organizations.
Die barbarische Behandlung von Gefangenen wurde von Menschenrechtsorganisationen verurteilt.
C2 noun /hoʊ/

Hoe

Hacke
Meaning
a gardening tool with a thin metal blade used for breaking up soil and removing weeds
Example
The farmer used a hoe to remove weeds from his vegetable garden.
Der Bauer benutzte eine Hacke, um Unkraut aus seinem Gemüsegarten zu entfernen.
C2 adjective /ˈliːwərd/

leeward

windabgewandte Seite
Meaning
On or toward the sheltered side away from the wind.
Example
They built their camp on the leeward side of the hill.
Sie haben ihr Lager an der windabgewandten Seite des Hügels aufgebaut.
C2 adjective /ˌseɪpiˈɛnʃəl/

sapiential

weisenhaft
Meaning
Relating to wisdom or knowledge, often in a religious or philosophical sense.
Example
The monk shared sapiential teachings with his students.
Der Mönch teilte weisenhafte Lehren mit seinen Studenten.
C2 noun /ˈɡrændɪləkwəns/

grandiloquence

pompöses Sprachverhalten
Meaning
Pompous or extravagant language, style, or manner, often intended to impress
Example
The politician’s speech was full of empty grandiloquence.
Die Rede des Politikers war voll von leerem pompösem Gerede.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsprɛsəbl/

inexpressible

unaussprechlich
Meaning
Too strong or extreme to be expressed in words.
Example
She felt inexpressible joy at the news of her success.
Sie fühlte unaussprechliche Freude, als sie von ihrem Erfolg erfuhr.
C2 noun /ˈiːɡlət/

eaglet

Adlerjunge
Meaning
A young eagle.
Example
The eaglet waited in the nest for its mother to return.
Der Adlerjunge wartete im Nest, dass seine Mutter zurückkam.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.sɔːr/

Eyesore

Ärgernis; schrecklicher Anblick
Meaning
something that is very ugly and unpleasant to look at
Example
The abandoned building has become an eyesore in the neighborhood.
Das verlassene Gebäude ist zu einem Ärgernis in der Nachbarschaft geworden.
C2 noun /ˈsweɪʒən/

suasion

Überredung
Meaning
the act of persuading or influencing someone
Example
The leader used gentle suasion to win support for the plan.
Der Führer verwendete sanfte Überredung, um Unterstützung für den Plan zu gewinnen.
C2 adjective /ˈflʌməksd/

flummoxed

verwirrt
Meaning
Completely confused or bewildered.
Example
He looked flummoxed after hearing the strange question.
Er sah verwirrt aus, nachdem er die seltsame Frage gehört hatte.
C2 adjective /ˈwɜːkmənˌlaɪk/

workmanlike

handwerklich
Meaning
Showing efficient, competent, and practical skill, but without flair or creativity.
Example
The carpenter delivered a workmanlike performance on the project.
Der Zimmermann lieferte eine handwerklich gute Leistung im Projekt.
C2 adjective /ˌɛvəˈnɛsənt/

evanescent

vergänglich
Meaning
Quickly fading or disappearing; lasting for only a very short time.
Example
The beauty of the sunset was evanescent, fading within minutes.
Die Schönheit des Sonnenuntergangs war vergänglich, sie verschwand in wenigen Minuten.
C2 noun /əkˈsɛʃən/

accession

Zugang zum Thron / Annahme eines Vertrags
Meaning
the attainment of a position of rank or power, especially a monarch or president; the formal acceptance of an agreement or treaty
Example
The king's accession to the throne was celebrated with great ceremony.
Der Zugang des Königs zum Thron wurde mit großer Zeremonie gefeiert.
C2 noun /ˈɒbsɪkwiːz/

obsequies

Begräbnisriten
Meaning
Funeral rites or ceremonies.
Example
The obsequies for the late leader drew thousands of mourners.
Die Begräbnisriten für den verstorbenen Führer zogen Tausende von Trauergästen an.
C2 adjective /ˈfɛtɪd/

fetid

verfault, übelriechend
Meaning
having a strong, unpleasant smell
Example
The fetid smell from the garbage was unbearable.
Der übelriechende Geruch aus dem Müll war unerträglich.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.viˌɛr.i/

aviary

Voliere
Meaning
a large enclosure for keeping birds
Example
The zoo built a new aviary for exotic parrots.
Der Zoo baute eine neue Voliere für exotische Papageien.
C2 noun /ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃən/

disquisition

Abhandlung
Meaning
A long or elaborate discussion or written essay on a particular subject.
Example
The professor gave a lengthy disquisition on ancient philosophy.
Der Professor hielt eine lange Abhandlung über antike Philosophie.
C2 adjective /ˈlaʊtɪʃ/

loutish

grob
Meaning
Clumsy, rude, or aggressive in behavior.
Example
His loutish remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Seine groben Bemerkungen haben alle im Meeting beleidigt.
C2 adjective /ˌsɒfəˈmɒrɪk/

sophomoric

unreif
Meaning
showing immaturity and overconfidence, like a sophomore
Example
His sophomoric behavior embarrassed his friends.
Sein unreifes Verhalten brachte seine Freunde in Verlegenheit.
C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.pən ˈhɑrt.ɪd/

Open-hearted

offenherzig; großzügig und aufrichtig; herzlich empfangend;
Meaning
Kind and generous; sincere and honest; warmly receptive;
Example
She welcomed the strangers with an open-hearted smile and invited them for dinner.
Sie begrüßte die Fremden mit einem offenen Lächeln und lud sie zum Abendessen ein.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ/

ingratiating

schmeichelhaft
Meaning
Charming or flattering in a way intended to gain favor.
Example
His ingratiating smile made everyone trust him quickly.
Sein schmeichelhaftes Lächeln brachte alle dazu, ihm schnell zu vertrauen.
C2 noun /ˈædʒ.ə.tənt/

Adjutant

Adjutant Storch
Meaning
a large water bird with long legs and neck, also known as adjutant stork
Example
The adjutant stork stood motionless in the shallow water.
Der Adjutant Storch stand regungslos im flachen Wasser.
C2 verb /ˈblækˌbɔːl/

blackball

ausgrenzen
Meaning
to exclude someone socially or vote against their membership in a group or club
Example
He was blackballed from the club after the controversy.
Er wurde nach der Kontroverse aus dem Club ausgeschlossen.
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪt/

ingratiate

Meaning
To gain favor or approval by deliberate effort, often in a flattering way.
Example
She tried to ingratiate herself with her boss by complimenting him often.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

unversöhnlich
Meaning
unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified
Example
The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.
Die Soldaten standen einem unversöhnlichen Feind gegenüber, der sich weigerte, sich zu ergeben.
C2 verb /fɪˈlɪsɪˌteɪt/

felicitate

beglückwünschen
Meaning
to congratulate; to express good wishes
Example
We felicitated the graduating students at the ceremony.
Wir haben die Absolventen bei der Zeremonie beglückwünscht.
C2 noun /ɪkˌsprəʊ.priˈeɪ.ʃən/

expropriation

Enteignung
Meaning
The act of government taking private property, also known as confiscation, nationalization, or seizure.
Example
The land expropriation led to disputes among landowners.
Die Landenteignung führte zu Streitigkeiten unter den Landbesitzern.
C2 noun /ˈkaʊntɪŋˌhaʊs/

counting-house

Buchhaltungsbüro
Meaning
a business office where accounts are kept and financial transactions are managed
Example
The merchant spent most of his day in the counting-house reviewing ledgers.
Der Kaufmann verbrachte den größten Teil seines Tages im Buchhaltungsbüro und überprüfte die Bücher.
C2 verb /ˈtɪtər/

titter

kichern
Meaning
to laugh in a quiet, nervous, or restrained way
Example
The students began to titter when the projector froze.
Die Studenten begannen leise zu kichern, als der Projektor einfrohr.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

unalienierbar
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
Die Meinungsfreiheit ist ein unalienierbares Recht.
C2 noun /ˌhaɪdrəˈstætɪks/

hydrostatics

Hydrostatik
Meaning
The branch of science concerned with the mechanical properties of fluids at rest.
Example
Hydrostatics is essential in understanding how dams and reservoirs function.
Hydrostatik ist entscheidend für das Verständnis, wie Dämme und Stauseen funktionieren.
C2 adjective /ˌdɛl.ɪˈtɪə.ri.əs/

deleterious

schädlich
Meaning
Causing physical or mental harm or damage.
Example
Smoking has deleterious effects on health.
Rauchen hat schädliche Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

Perpetuität, Ewigkeit, Kontinuität
Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
Der Vertrag garantiert Zahlungen in Perpetuität.
C2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Irruption

ein plötzlicher gewaltsamer Eintritt; eine Invasion oder ein Überfall; ein plötzlicher Ausbruch oder Vulkanausbruch
Meaning
a sudden violent entry; an invasion or raid; a sudden outburst or eruption
Example
The army's irruption into enemy territory caught the opposing forces completely off guard.
Der Einbruch des Militärs in das feindliche Gebiet überraschte die gegnerischen Kräfte völlig.
C2 adjective /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

circuitous

umständlicher Weg
Meaning
Longer than the most direct way; roundabout.
Example
He took a circuitous route to avoid traffic.
Er nahm einen umständlichen Weg, um den Verkehr zu vermeiden.
C2 adjective /ˈsɑːdn/

sodden

durchnässt
Meaning
thoroughly soaked or saturated with liquid
Example
His clothes were sodden after the heavy rain.
Seine Kleidung war nach dem starken Regen durchnässt.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

inglorious

ehrenlos
Meaning
Causing shame or disgrace; not bringing honor or glory.
Example
The army suffered an inglorious defeat.
Die Armee erlitt eine ehrenlose Niederlage.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/

promissory

versprechend
Meaning
Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.
Example
He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.
Er unterschrieb einen Schuldschein, um das Darlehen zurückzuzahlen.
C2 adjective /ˈmeɪndʒi/

mangy

schmutzig und abgenutzt
Meaning
in poor condition, shabby, dirty, or affected by mange
Example
The stray dog looked mangy and weak.
Der streunende Hund sah schmutzig und schwach aus.
C2 noun /ˌnjʊə.rəʊˈdʒɛn.ɪ.sɪs/

neurogenesis

Bildung neuer Nervenzellen
Meaning
The process of forming new nerve cells in the brain.
Example
Scientists are studying neurogenesis to understand brain health.
Wissenschaftler untersuchen die Neurogenese, um das Gehirngesundheit zu verstehen.
C2 verb /dɪˈkænt/

decant

dekantieren
Meaning
To pour liquid gently from one container into another, especially without disturbing the sediment.
Example
She carefully decanted the wine into a clean glass.
Sie goss den Wein vorsichtig in ein sauberes Glas.
C2 verb /ɡɜːrd/

gird

gürten
Meaning
to encircle with a belt or band; to prepare for action
Example
The knight girded his sword before battle.
Der Ritter umgürtete sein Schwert vor der Schlacht.
C2 verb /ˈɑːbdʒərˌɡeɪt/

objurgate

heftig schimpfen
Meaning
to scold or rebuke severely
Example
The teacher objurgated the student for being dishonest.
Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler, weil er unehrlich war.
C2 verb /ˈɡɑːɡəl/

goggle

mit weit geöffneten Augen starren
Meaning
to stare with wide open eyes, often in surprise or wonder
Example
The tourists goggled at the tall skyscrapers.
Die Touristen starrten mit weit aufgerissenen Augen auf die hohen Wolkenkratzer.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːrn.bɪl/

Hornbill

Hornbill Vogel
Meaning
a large tropical bird with a large curved beak and often a horn-like projection
Example
The colorful hornbill perched on the highest branch.
Der bunte Hornbill saß auf dem höchsten Ast.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

Briefmarkensammler
Meaning
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
Example
The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.
Der Philatelist verbrachte Jahre damit, eine seltene Briefmarkensammlung aufzubauen.
C2 adjective /koʊˈtɜːr.mɪ.nəs/

coterminous

grenzüberschreitend
Meaning
having the same boundaries or extent in space, time, or meaning
Example
The two jurisdictions are coterminous, sharing the same borders.
Die beiden Rechtsgebiete sind grenzüberschreitend und teilen dieselben Grenzen.
C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

Enzyklika
Meaning
a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues
Example
The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.
Der Papst veröffentlichte eine Enzyklika zum Thema Klimawandel und moralische Verantwortung.
C2 verb /ˈblʌdʒən/

bludgeon

mit einem Knüppel schlagen
Meaning
to hit someone with a heavy object; to force someone into doing something
Example
The guard was bludgeoned by the attacker in the alley.
Der Wachmann wurde von dem Angreifer in der Gasse mit einem Knüppel geschlagen.
C2 noun/verb /ˈʌpˌkæst/

upcast

nach oben werfen
Meaning
Verb: To cast or throw upward. Noun: Something thrown or directed upward.
Example
The fisherman upcast his net into the air.
Der Fischer warf sein Netz in die Luft.
C2 noun /ˈkɒksweɪn/

coxswain

Steuermann
Meaning
the person in charge of navigating and steering a boat, especially a racing or small boat
Example
The coxswain shouted instructions to the rowing team.
Der Steuermann gab Anweisungen an das Ruderteam.
C2 noun /əˈpɒθəˌkɛri/

apothecary

Apotheker
Meaning
A historical term for a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs.
Example
The village apothecary provided remedies for many common illnesses.
Der Apotheker im Dorf stellte viele gängige Heilmittel zur Verfügung.
C2 verb /ˌɛvəˈnɛs/

evanesce

verblasst
Meaning
To disappear gradually; to fade away.
Example
The mist began to evanesce as the sun rose higher.
Der Nebel begann zu verschwinden, als die Sonne höher stieg.
C2 noun /ˈseɪ.li.əns/

salience

Hervorhebung
Meaning
The quality of being particularly noticeable or important; prominence.
Example
The salience of the issue was highlighted in the debate.
Die Hervorhebung des Themas wurde in der Debatte betont.
C2 adjective /ˌhæɡ.i.əˈɡræf.ɪk/

hagiographic

übertrieben schmeichelhaft
Meaning
Excessively flattering or idealized, often in a biography or portrayal of someone.
Example
The documentary was criticized for its hagiographic portrayal of the leader.
Die Dokumentation wurde für ihre übertrieben schmeichelhafte Darstellung des Führers kritisiert.
C2 verb /ˌɛfəˈvɛs/

effervesce

sprudeln
Meaning
To give off bubbles of gas; to show excitement, liveliness, or enthusiasm.
Example
The soda began to effervesce as soon as it was opened.
Die Limonade begann zu sprudeln, sobald sie geöffnet wurde.
C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

verdauungsbezogen
Meaning
relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion
Example
The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.
Der Arzt erklärte die Rolle des Verdauungstrakts bei der Verdauung.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/

palimpsest

Palimpsest
Meaning
a manuscript or document that has been written over but still bears traces of earlier writing; something reused or altered but still retaining traces of its earlier form
Example
The ancient manuscript was a palimpsest, showing faint traces of previous texts beneath the new writing.
Das alte Manuskript war ein Palimpsest, das schwache Spuren von früheren Texten unter der neuen Schrift zeigte.