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C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

Zentiliter
Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
Das Rezept benoetigt 20 Zentiliter Milch.
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪstəntli/

consistently

konstant
Meaning
in a way that does not vary; regularly and dependably
Example
She has been performing consistently well in her studies.
Sie hat konstant gute Leistungen in ihrem Studium erbracht.
C2 noun /ˈkloʊtʃər/

cloture

Schlussverfahren
Meaning
a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
Example
The Senate invoked cloture to end the lengthy debate.
Der Senat rief das Schlussverfahren auf, um die lange Debatte zu beenden.
B1 noun /ˈkɔːrɪdɔːr/

corridor

ein langer Gang, der zu verschiedenen Räumen führt
Meaning
a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms
Example
The students waited quietly in the corridor.
Die Schüler warteten ruhig im Korridor.
B1 verb /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

criticize

kritisieren
Meaning
to express disapproval or find fault with someone or something
Example
The teacher criticized the student's poor handwriting.
Der Lehrer kritisierte die schlechte Handschrift des Schülers.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

französisches Schloss
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Sie übernachteten in einem wunderschönen Schloss in Frankreich.
B2 adjective /keɪˈɒtɪk/

Chaotic

chaotisch; unordentlich
Meaning
in a state of complete confusion and disorder
Example
The situation became chaotic after the announcement.
Die Situation wurde chaotisch nach der Ankündigung.
B1 noun /ˈkætl/

cattle

Glück
Meaning
large domesticated animals such as cows and bulls that are kept on a farm for their milk, meat, or hides
Example
The farmer owns a herd of cattle that graze near the river.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

klug umgehen oder einen Weg finden, um Hindernisse oder Regeln zu umgehen
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Er versuchte, das Sicherheitssystem zu umgehen.
B1 noun /ˈkærɪdʒ/

carriage

Kutsche
Meaning
a vehicle, typically a four-wheeled one, used for transporting goods or people, especially in the past
Example
The royal family traveled in a beautiful carriage during parades.
Die königliche Familie reiste in einer schönen Kutsche während der Paraden.
B2 verb /kəmˈpaɪl/

compile

zusammenstellen
Meaning
to collect information or material and put it together in a list, report, or book
Example
She compiled the research data into a detailed report.
Sie sammelte die Forschungsdaten in einem detaillierten Bericht.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

Katapult
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
Die Erfindung katapultierte ihn zu internationalem Ruhm.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

Kompostierung
Meaning
The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.
Example
Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.
Kompostierung reduziert Abfälle und verbessert die Bodenfruchtbarkeit.
B2 noun /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/

coordination

koordination
Meaning
the process of organizing different elements to work together effectively
Example
The coordination between the teams was flawless.
Die Koordination zwischen den Teams war einwandfrei.
B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

Überzeugung
Meaning
A firmly held belief or opinion.
Example
She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.
Sie sprach mit Überzeugung, sodass jeder ihr glaubte.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

Kritiker
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
Der Filmkritiker lobte den neuesten Film des Regisseurs.
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

Klimaregulation
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
Wälder helfen bei der Klimaregulation, indem sie die lokalen Temperaturen stabilisieren.
B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

Kapazität
Meaning
The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.
Example
The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.
Das Kabel hat die Kapazität, große Datenmengen zu verarbeiten.
A1 noun /ˈkɒf.i/

Coffee

Kaffee
Meaning
a hot drink made from roasted coffee beans
Example
I need a cup of coffee to start my morning.
Ich brauche eine Tasse Kaffee, um meinen Morgen zu beginnen.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlieɪtɪd/

ciliated

mit Wimpern
Meaning
Having minute hairlike projections (cilia) on the surface of cells or organisms.
Example
The ciliated cells in the respiratory tract help move mucus out of the lungs.
Die ziliierten Zellen im Atmungstrakt helfen dabei, Schleim aus der Lunge zu transportieren.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

circumstance

Umstand
Meaning
a fact or condition connected with an event or action
Example
She handled the difficult circumstances bravely.
Sie hat die schwierigen Umstände tapfer gemeistert.
C1 noun /kjʊˈreɪtər/

curator

Kurator
Meaning
a person who is responsible for the care and management of a museum, gallery, or collection
Example
The curator organized a new exhibition of ancient artifacts.
Der Kurator organisierte eine neue Ausstellung antiker Artefakte.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

Musikalische Komposition
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Sie spielte ein Mozart-Konzert mit dem Orchester.
C1 verb /koʊˈhæbɪt/

cohabit

zusammenleben
Meaning
To live together, often as partners without being married.
Example
They decided to cohabit before getting married.
Sie beschlossen, vor der Hochzeit zusammenzuleben.
B2 noun /kənˈdenst mɪlk/

Condensed milk

Kondensmilch
Meaning
milk from which water has been removed and sugar added, creating a thick, sweet product
Example
The recipe calls for a can of condensed milk to make the dessert extra creamy.
Das Rezept verlangt nach einer Dose Kondensmilch, um das Dessert besonders cremig zu machen.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɒnɪk/

chronic

chronisch
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or constantly recurring, often describing illness.
Example
She suffers from chronic back pain.
Sie leidet an chronischen Rückenschmerzen.
C2 noun /ˌkɒl.əˈneɪd/

colonnade

Kolonnade
Meaning
A row of evenly spaced columns supporting a roof, often in classical architecture.
Example
The visitors admired the grand colonnade at the entrance of the temple.
Die Besucher bewunderten die große Kolonnade am Eingang des Tempels.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkeɪnaɪn/

canine

mit Hunden verwandt / Hundezähne
Meaning
Relating to dogs; also refers to the pointed teeth in humans and animals
Example
The police trained a canine unit for search operations.
Die Polizei hat eine Hundestaffel für Suchoperationen ausgebildet.
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

derzeit
Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
Er arbeitet derzeit an einem neuen Projekt.
A2 adjective /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/

confusing

verwirrend
Meaning
causing someone to be unable to think clearly or understand; difficult to comprehend
Example
The instructions were confusing and hard to follow.
Die Anweisungen waren verwirrend und schwer zu befolgen.
C1 noun ˈkəmˌpaʊndɪŋ

compounding

Zinseszinsen
Meaning
The process whereby interest is added to an amount of money and future interest is calculated on the total.
Example
Compounding interest increases the value of investments over time.
Zinseszinsen erhöhen den Wert von Investitionen im Laufe der Zeit.
B1 verb /kənˈvɜːrt/

convert

umwandeln
Meaning
to change from one form to another; to transform
Example
We can convert this room into an office.
Wir können dieses Zimmer in ein Büro umwandeln.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpæʃənət/

Compassionate

mitfühlend; barmherzig
Meaning
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others who are suffering
Example
The compassionate nurse took extra time to comfort the worried patients.
Die mitfühlende Krankenschwester nahm sich zusätzliche Zeit, um die besorgten Patienten zu trösten.
B1 verb /ˈkæri aʊt/

carry out

durchführen
Meaning
to perform or complete a task; to execute a plan
Example
The team carries out the project successfully.
Das Team führt das Projekt erfolgreich durch.
C2 noun ˌsaɪ.bəˈnet.ɪks

cybernetics

Kybernetik
Meaning
The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Example
Cybernetics plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence.
Kybernetik spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der künstlichen Intelligenz.
B2 noun /ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃən/

corporation

Korporation
Meaning
A large company or group of companies that is legally recognized as a single entity.
Example
The corporation invested heavily in renewable energy projects.
Die Korporation investierte stark in erneuerbare Energieprojekte.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

warnend
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
Der Bericht gibt eine warnende Botschaft über unkontrollierte Ausgaben.
A2 noun /ˈsen.tər/

center

zentrum
Meaning
A place or building designated for a particular activity or service.
Example
The first robotic surgery center was established in Rangpur.
Das erste Roboterchirurgie-Zentrum wurde in Rangpur gegründet.
A2 adjective /ˈkloʊ.sɪst/

closest

nächster
Meaning
nearest in distance or relationship
Example
He is my closest friend.
Er ist mein nächster Freund.
A2 verb /tʃiːt/

cheat

schummeln
Meaning
to act dishonestly; to break rules for advantage
Example
He cheats on the exam by copying answers.
Er schummelt in der Prüfung, indem er Antworten abschreibt.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

vertraulich
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
Die Information wurde vertraulich zwischen den beiden Managern geteilt.
B1 noun /kloʊðz ˈaɪərn/

Clothes iron

Bügeleisen
Meaning
An electric appliance used to remove wrinkles from clothes by applying heat and pressure
Example
I need to use the clothes iron to make my shirt look neat for the meeting.
Ich muss das Bügeleisen benutzen, um mein Hemd für das Meeting ordentlich aussehen zu lassen.
C2 adjective /sərˈkjuːɪtəs/

circuitous

umständlicher Weg
Meaning
Longer than the most direct way; roundabout.
Example
He took a circuitous route to avoid traffic.
Er nahm einen umständlichen Weg, um den Verkehr zu vermeiden.
C2 noun /koʊˈæɡjələnt/

coagulant

Koagulationsmittel
Meaning
a substance that causes blood or another liquid to clot
Example
The doctor applied a coagulant to stop the bleeding quickly.
Der Arzt trug ein Koagulationsmittel auf, um die Blutung schnell zu stoppen.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

in der Erholung, sich von einer Krankheit oder medizinischen Behandlung erholend
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
Das Krankenhaus hat einen speziellen Bereich für erholende Patienten.
C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

entsprechend
Meaning
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
Example
Salary will be commensurate with experience.
Das Gehalt wird entsprechend der Erfahrung sein.
B2 adjective /kəˈmɛndəbl̩/

commendable

lobenswert
Meaning
deserving praise or approval
Example
Her dedication to the project was truly commendable.
Ihr Engagement für das Projekt war wirklich lobenswert.
A1 noun /kæt/

Cat

Katze
Meaning
a small domesticated carnivorous mammal with soft fur, a short snout, and retractile claws
Example
The cat sat on the windowsill watching birds.
Die Katze saß auf dem Fensterbrett und beobachtete die Vögel.
C2 adjective /ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/

circumspect

vorsichtig, bedacht, umsichtig
Meaning
Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.
Example
Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.
Investoren müssen vorsichtig sein, bevor sie Entscheidungen treffen.
B2 noun /kənˈdʒes.tʃən/

congestion

Stau
Meaning
A situation in which a place is too blocked or crowded, causing difficulties.
Example
Urban congestion leads to longer travel times.
Städtische Staus führen zu längeren Reisezeiten.
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

Vergleich
Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
Der Lehrer machte einen Vergleich zwischen den beiden Gedichten, um ihre unterschiedlichen Stile zu zeigen.
C2 noun /ˌkælɪsˈθɛnɪks/

calisthenics

körpergewichtstraining
Meaning
exercises that use body weight for strength and flexibility
Example
She practices calisthenics every morning in the park.
Sie macht jeden Morgen Kalisthenie im Park.
C2 verb /kənˈtjuːz/

contuse

prellen
Meaning
to bruise by striking or hitting
Example
He contused his arm when he fell off the bike.
Er kontuzierte seinen Arm, als er vom Fahrrad fiel.
B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/

cholesterol

Cholesterin
Meaning
a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems
Example
High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.
Ein hoher Cholesterinspiegel kann das Risiko von Herzkrankheiten erhöhen.
C2 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/

ceremonious

zeremoniell und höflich
Meaning
marked by formality, politeness, or strict observance of customs
Example
He gave her a ceremonious bow before entering the hall.
Er machte eine zeremonielle Verbeugung, bevor er den Raum betrat.
A2 noun /ˈkæptɪn/

Captain

kapitän
Meaning
a military officer of middle rank; the person in command of a ship or aircraft
Example
The captain ordered his troops to advance forward.
Der Kapitän befahl seinen Truppen, voranzukommen.
C2 noun /kroʊn/

crone

alte Frau
Meaning
An old woman, often one who is thin and ugly, sometimes associated with witch-like qualities.
Example
The children were scared by the story of the wicked crone in the forest.
Die Kinder hatten Angst vor der Geschichte der bösen alten Frau im Wald.
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

Porzellan-Geschirr
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
Das teure Porzellan-Geschirr wurde im Schrank ausgestellt.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

Kartograf
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
Der Kartograf zeichnete sorgfältig die Karte des neuen Gebiets.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

kreisförmig
Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
Die Kinder saßen in einer kreisförmigen Anordnung um das Lagerfeuer.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

kohorte
Meaning
A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.
Example
The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.
Die Studie verfolgte eine Kohorte von Studenten über zehn Jahre.
A2 noun/verb /ˈkɒntækt/

contact

Kontakt
Meaning
Communication or connection with someone.
Example
You should contact your doctor if symptoms persist.
Du solltest deinen Arzt kontaktieren, wenn die Symptome weiterhin bestehen.
B1 noun /ˈkæt.ər.pɪl.ər/

Caterpillar

Raupe
Meaning
the larva of a butterfly or moth that feeds on plants
Example
The caterpillar ate all the leaves on the plant.
Die Raupe fraß alle Blätter der Pflanze.
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

kontrolliert
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
Das Experiment wurde in einer kontrollierten Umgebung durchgeführt.
C2 noun /ˌkæt ə ˈnaɪn ˌteɪlz/

cat-o-nine-tails

Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen
Meaning
A whip with nine knotted cords, historically used for punishment.
Example
The sailor feared the cat-o-nine-tails more than the storm at sea.
Der Matrose fürchtete die Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen mehr als den Sturm auf See.
B1 verb /kæst/

cast

werfen
Meaning
to throw; to choose actors for a play; to shape metal
Example
The fisherman casts his line into the water.
Der Fischer wirft seine Angel ins Wasser.
B2 noun ˌsaɪ.bə.sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti

cybersecurity

Cybersicherheit
Meaning
The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks
Example
Cybersecurity ensures safe digital operations.
Cybersicherheit sorgt für sichere digitale Abläufe.
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

kondensieren
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
Wasserdampf kondensiert zu Regentropfen.
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

allmähliche Lautstärkezunahme
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
Das Orchester baute zu einem mächtigen Crescendo auf, bevor es zum Finale kam.
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

Zivilisationen
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
Alte Zivilisationen entwickelten komplexe Regierungssysteme.
C2 adjective /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/

contumacious

rebellisch, ungehorsam
Meaning
stubbornly disobedient or rebellious
Example
The contumacious student refused to follow the school rules.
Der rebellische Schüler weigerte sich, die Schulregeln zu befolgen.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

Zitation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
Das Forschungspapier enthielt ein Zitat von Shakespeare.
B1 noun /kruː/

crew

Besatzung
Meaning
A group of people working together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or project.
Example
The ship's crew worked tirelessly during the storm.
Die Besatzung des Schiffes arbeitete unermüdlich während des Sturms.
B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

übermitteln, kommunizieren, transportieren
Meaning
To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.
Example
The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.
Der Lehrer übermittelt die Lektion klar an die Schüler.
C2 noun ˌkɒdʒɪˈteɪʃən

cogitation

Überlegung, Nachdenken
Meaning
The action of thinking deeply about something; contemplation
Example
After much cogitation, he made the final decision.
Nach viel Überlegung traf er die endgültige Entscheidung.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Kapitalist
Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
Der Kapitalist glaubt an die Freiheit des Marktes.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɑːr.mɪŋ/

charming

charmant
Meaning
Very pleasing or delightful in a way that attracts people.
Example
The village is full of charming little houses.
Das Dorf ist voller charmanter kleiner Häuser.
B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

beitragen
Meaning
to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something
Example
Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.
Jeder trug mit Geld bei, um ein Abschiedsgeschenk für den Lehrer zu kaufen.
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

Glaube, Prinzip
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
Die Redefreiheit ist Teil seines persönlichen Glaubens.
B1 adjective /ˈklæsɪk/

classic

klassisch, herausragend
Meaning
Judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.
Example
That movie is a classic example of 90s comedy.
Dieser Film ist ein klassisches Beispiel für 90er-Jahre-Comedy.
C2 noun /ˈkæn.toʊ/

canto

Gesang
Meaning
A main division of a long poem, especially in epic poetry.
Example
The Divine Comedy is divided into several cantos.
Die Göttliche Komödie ist in mehrere Gesänge unterteilt.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

Christentum
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
Die Nachricht verbreitete sich schnell über das Christentum.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

eine große Sammlung linguistischer Daten, die für die Sprachforschung und Analyse verwendet wird
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Linguisten verwenden ein Korpus, um Sprachmuster zu analysieren.
B2 adjective /kɔːrs/

coarse

rau, grob
Meaning
Rough in texture or manner; not smooth or refined.
Example
The fabric felt coarse to the touch.
Der Stoff fühlte sich rau an.
C2 noun /ˌkæl.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

calcification

kalkifizierung
Meaning
The process of calcium accumulation in soil, making it hard.
Example
Calcification reduces soil permeability and affects crop growth.
Kalkifizierung verringert die Durchlässigkeit des Bodens und beeinträchtigt das Wachstum der Pflanzen.
B2 noun /kənˈdʌktər/

conductor

Dirigent / Stromleiter
Meaning
a person who directs a performance or someone who collects fares on public transport; or a material that conducts electricity
Example
The conductor waved his baton to start the orchestra.
Der Dirigent schwenkte seinen Taktstock, um das Orchester zu beginnen.
C2 noun /ˈkʌlvərt/

culvert

durchlass
Meaning
a tunnel or drain that carries water under a road or railway
Example
The heavy rainwater flowed through the culvert under the bridge.
Das schwere Regenwasser floss durch den Durchlass unter der Brücke.
A2 noun ˈtʃælɪndʒ

challenge

Herausforderung
Meaning
A call to take part in a contest or competition, especially a demanding or stimulating one; a task or situation that tests someone's abilities.
Example
Plastic pollution poses a significant challenge to global health.
Plastikverschmutzung stellt eine bedeutende Herausforderung für die globale Gesundheit dar.
A2 noun /klaʊd/

Cloud

wolke
Meaning
a visible mass of condensed water vapour floating in the atmosphere above the ground
Example
Dark clouds gathered before the storm.
Dunkle Wolken sammelten sich vor dem Sturm.
C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Chronologie
Meaning
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.
Example
The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.
Die Chronologie der Dynastie wurde sorgfältig von Historikern studiert.
B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

gemeinschaftlich
Meaning
Shared by all members of a community; for common use.
Example
The villagers worked together in the communal garden.
Die Dorfbewohner arbeiteten gemeinsam im gemeinschaftlichen Garten.
B2 noun /kənˈtɛmpt/

contempt

Verachtung
Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something
Example
He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.
Er sprach mit Verachtung über die korrupten Beamten.
B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

bestandteile
Meaning
Components or elements used to create something.
Example
Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.
Proteine und Vitamine sind wesentliche Bestandteile einer gesunden Ernährung.
B2 verb /kəˈmɛns/

commence

beginnen
Meaning
to begin or start something
Example
The ceremony will commence at noon.
Die Zeremonie wird um Mittag beginnen.
C2 verb /ˈkɒndʒʊɡeɪt/

conjugate

konjugieren
Meaning
to list the different forms of a verb according to tense, person, and number
Example
Students are asked to conjugate the verb 'to be'.
Schüler werden gebeten, das Verb 'sein' zu konjugieren.
C2 noun /ˈkrɛməˌtɔːri/

crematory

krematorium
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are cremated
Example
The crematory was located near the cemetery.
Das Krematorium war in der Nähe des Friedhofs.
C2 noun /ˈtʃɜː.nɪŋ stɪk/

Churning stick

Rührstab
Meaning
a wooden stick used for stirring and churning butter, milk, or other liquids
Example
Grandmother used a churning stick to make fresh butter.
Die Großmutter benutzte einen Rührstab, um frische Butter zu machen.
B1 verb /kənˈfɜːrm/

confirm

bestätigen
Meaning
to establish the truth, accuracy, or validity of something
Example
The hotel will confirm your reservation by email.
Das Hotel wird Ihre Reservierung per E-Mail bestätigen.
B1 adjective /ˈsɪvəl/

civil

zivil
Meaning
Relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns, or being polite and courteous.
Example
They settled the matter through civil discussion.
Sie haben die Angelegenheit durch eine zivile Diskussion geklärt.
C2 noun /ˈkɒksweɪn/

coxswain

Steuermann
Meaning
the person in charge of navigating and steering a boat, especially a racing or small boat
Example
The coxswain shouted instructions to the rowing team.
Der Steuermann gab Anweisungen an das Ruderteam.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

Beratung
Meaning
the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems
Example
She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.
Sie suchte Beratung, um Stress zu bewältigen.
C1 noun /ˈkʌn.stə.bəl/

constable

Polizist
Meaning
a police officer of the lowest rank
Example
The constable directed traffic at the busy intersection.
Der Polizist leitete den Verkehr an der belebten Kreuzung.
C2 noun /kəmˈpɒz.ɪ.tər/

Compositor

Komponist
Meaning
a person who arranges type for printing or creates musical compositions
Example
The compositor carefully arranged the text for the newspaper.
Der Komponist arrangierte sorgfältig den Text für die Zeitung.
C2 noun /ˌkæstɪˈɡeɪʃən/

castigation

harte Kritik oder Bestrafung
Meaning
Severe criticism or punishment for wrongdoing.
Example
The manager’s harsh castigation shocked the entire team.
Die harte Zurechtweisung des Managers schockierte das gesamte Team.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

dunkelrot
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Der dunkelrote Sonnenuntergang malte den Himmel mit schönen Farben.
B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

Vorsitzende
Meaning
a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council
Example
She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.
Sie wurde nach jahrelanger Erfahrung zur Vorsitzenden des Unternehmens gewählt.
C2 noun ˈkɑː.dərz

cadres

Kadres
Meaning
A small group of people specially trained for a particular purpose or profession; a group of activists in a communist or other political organization.
Example
There are 26 cadres under BPSC.
Es gibt 26 Kadres unter BPSC.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

Schlüsselbein
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Er hat sich das Schlüsselbein im Unfall gebrochen.
C2 adjective /kəˈkɒfənəs/

cacophonous

kakophonisch
Meaning
Producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Example
The cacophonous sounds of the city kept her awake all night.
Die kakophonen Geräusche der Stadt hielten sie die ganze Nacht wach.
C1 adjective ˈkʌm.bə.səm

cumbersome

schwer, sperrig, schwierig zu handhaben
Meaning
Heavy, unwieldy, difficult to handle or carry.
Example
The cumbersome luggage slowed him down.
Das schwere Gepäck hat ihn langsamer gemacht.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

Kolumnist
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
Der Kolumnist schrieb einen Artikel über den Klimawandel.
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

überzeugt
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
Sie war überzeugt, dass er die Wahrheit sagte.
A2 adverb /kəˈrɛktli/

correctly

korrekt
Meaning
in a way that is true, accurate, or without mistakes
Example
She answered all the questions correctly.
Sie hat alle Fragen korrekt beantwortet.
B2 noun /kɜːrd/

Curd

Joghurt
Meaning
a white dairy product made by coagulating milk; yogurt
Example
She added fresh curd to the salad for a tangy flavor.
Sie gab frischen Joghurt zum Salat hinzu, um ihm einen säuerlichen Geschmack zu verleihen.
C2 noun /ˈkoʊdə/

coda

Coda
Meaning
the concluding passage of a piece of music or a literary work
Example
The novel ends with a reflective coda that ties up the themes.
Der Roman endet mit einer nachdenklichen Coda, die die Themen verbindet.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪstəl/

crystal

Kristall
Meaning
a clear, transparent mineral or glass that forms a solid structure with regular patterns
Example
She wore a necklace made of sparkling crystal.
Sie trug eine Halskette aus funkelndem Kristall.
A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

color

Farbe
Meaning
The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
Example
Blue is her favorite color.
Blau ist ihre Lieblingsfarbe.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæptər/

chapter

Kapitel
Meaning
A main division of a book or a period in someone's life.
Example
I just finished the first chapter of the novel.
Ich habe gerade das erste Kapitel des Romans beendet.
A2 noun /kɔːrs/

course

Kurs, Weg oder eine Reihe von Bildungslektionen
Meaning
a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons
Example
She enrolled in a computer science course.
Sie hat sich für einen Informatikkurs eingeschrieben.
C2 noun /ˈkoʊ.tə.ri/

coterie

eine kleine, exklusive Gruppe
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people with shared interests
Example
He belonged to a coterie of artists who met every Friday.
Er gehörte einer Gruppe von Künstlern an, die sich jeden Freitag trafen.
B2 noun /ˌkrɛd.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

credibility

Glaubwürdigkeit
Meaning
The quality of being trusted and believed in; trustworthiness.
Example
His credibility as a leader remains unquestioned.
Seine Glaubwürdigkeit als Führer bleibt unbestreitbar.