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C1 adjective /əˈtjuːnd/

attuned

empfänglich / harmonisch
Meaning
Being receptive or sensitive to something; well adjusted or in harmony.
Example
She is attuned to the needs of her students.
Sie ist empfänglich für die Bedürfnisse ihrer Schüler.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɛs/

finesse

Finesse, Geschicklichkeit, Raffinesse
Meaning
Subtlety and skill; refinement and delicacy in performance or artistry.
Example
The artist painted with great finesse.
Der Künstler malte mit großer Finesse.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

Introversion
Meaning
The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.
Example
Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.
Ihre Introversion machte es ihr schwer, große Partys zu genießen.
C1 verb /səbˈdjuː/

subdue

unterdrücken
Meaning
To bring under control, especially by force; to overcome or quiet.
Example
The army was able to subdue the rebellion quickly.
Die Armee konnte die Rebellion schnell unterdrücken.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

Lebensfreude
Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
Die Lebensfreude des Kindes erhellte den gesamten Raum.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

Vorrang
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
In dieser Fabrik hat die Sicherheit Vorrang vor Geschwindigkeit.
C1 adverb /əˈbrɛst/

abreast

nebeneinander
Meaning
side by side and facing the same direction; informed about something
Example
The soldiers marched two abreast down the street.
Die Soldaten marschierten zu zweit nebeneinander die Straße entlang.
C1 verb /loʊð/

loathe

verabscheuen
Meaning
to feel intense dislike or disgust for
Example
He absolutely loathes being late to meetings.
Er hasst es, zu spät zu Meetings zu kommen.
C1 adjective ʌnˈjiːl.dɪŋ

unyielding

unbeugsam oder fest
Meaning
Not easily broken or giving in to pressure.
Example
Her unyielding determination helped her overcome all challenges.
Ihre unbeugsame Entschlossenheit half ihr, alle Herausforderungen zu überwinden.
C1 adjective ʌnˈwɔːr.rən.tɪd

unwarranted

unbegründet
Meaning
Not justified or necessary; without good reason.
Example
His anger toward the staff was completely unwarranted.
Seine Wut gegenüber dem Personal war völlig unbegründet.
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

durchdringen
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
Der Duft frischer Blumen durchzog den ganzen Raum.
C1 verb /dɪˈraɪd/

deride

verspotten
Meaning
to mock or ridicule someone or something
Example
The critics derided the new movie for its poor script.
Die Kritiker verspoteten den neuen Film für sein schlechtes Skript.
C1 noun ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

centralization

Zentralisierung
Meaning
The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.
Example
Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making.
Exzessive Zentralisierung kann die Entscheidungsfindung verlangsamen.
C1 noun /ˈɒf.sprɪŋ/

offspring

Nachwuchs
Meaning
a person's child or children; an animal's young
Example
The bird carefully fed its offspring.
Der Vogel fütterte vorsichtig seinen Nachwuchs.
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

Düne
Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
Die Kinder spielten auf der Sanddüne am Strand.
C1 noun /slæb/

slab

platte
Meaning
a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or other hard material
Example
The workers laid a concrete slab for the foundation.
Die Arbeiter legten eine Betonplatte für das Fundament.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

Schwäche im Alter
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
Der alte Mann wurde senil und vergaß vertraute Gesichter.
C1 adjective /ˈhæloʊd/

hallowed

geheiligt
Meaning
regarded as holy or greatly respected
Example
They walked across the hallowed halls of the old university.
Sie gingen durch die geheiligten Hallen der alten Universität.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

rückwirkend
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
Das neue Gesetz wurde rückwirkend erlassen, um vergangene Fälle abzudecken.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒuː.vɪ.neɪt/

rejuvenate

verjüngen
Meaning
To make or feel young, healthy, or energetic again.
Example
A vacation can rejuvenate the mind and body.
ein urlaub kann den geist und den körper verjüngen.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

befreien
Meaning
To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.
Example
The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.
Die Feuerwehrleute extrizierten die Passagiere aus dem zerstörten Auto.
C1 noun /ˈhʌbʌb/

hubbub

lärm
Meaning
a loud noise caused by a crowd of people talking or shouting
Example
There was a hubbub in the market as the sale began.
Es gab einen Lärm auf dem Markt, als der Verkauf begann.
C1 noun /nɪˈɡeɪʃən/

negation

Verneinung
Meaning
The act of denying something; the contradiction or absence of something.
Example
The theory is built on the negation of traditional beliefs.
Die Theorie basiert auf der Verneinung traditioneller Überzeugungen.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

Pragmatismus
Meaning
A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.
Example
His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.
Sein Pragmatismus half, die Finanzkrise zu lösen.
C1 noun ˈmæŋɡroʊv ˈfɒrɪst

Mangrove Forest

Mangrovenwald
Meaning
A coastal forest ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.
Example
Sundarbans is the world's largest mangrove forest.
Sundarbans ist der größte Mangrovenwald der Welt.
C1 adjective /ˈhɛlθfəl/

healthful

gesundheitsfördernd
Meaning
Promoting good health; beneficial to health.
Example
A healthful diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables.
Eine gesundheitsfördernde Diät umfasst frisches Obst und Gemüse.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌteɪkər/

undertaker

Bestatter
Meaning
A person whose job is to prepare the dead for burial and arrange funerals.
Example
The undertaker prepared the body for the funeral service.
Der Bestatter bereitete den Körper für die Beerdigung vor.
C1 noun /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

topography

Topographie
Meaning
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area
Example
The topography of the region made construction very challenging.
Die Topographie der Region machte den Bau sehr herausfordernd.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtɛnəbl/

untenable

unhaltbar
Meaning
not able to be maintained or defended against attack or objection
Example
The politician resigned when his position became untenable.
Der Politiker trat zurück, als seine Position unhaltbar wurde.
C1 noun /nɪl/

Nil

null; nichts
Meaning
nothing; zero; no amount
Example
His chances of winning were nil after the scandal.
Seine Gewinnchancen waren nach dem Skandal null.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

Separatist
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
Die separatistische Gruppe forderte die Unabhängigkeit von der Zentralregierung.
C1 noun daɪˈkɒtəmi

dichotomy

Dichotomie
Meaning
A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Example
The dichotomy between tradition and modernity is often debated.
Die Dichotomie zwischen Tradition und Moderne wird oft diskutiert.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

bemitleidenswert
Meaning
deserving sympathy or compassion
Example
The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.
Der streunende Hund sah im Regen bemitleidenswert aus.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

anrufen
Meaning
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
Example
The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.
Der Anwalt rief die Verfassung an, um seinen Mandanten zu verteidigen.
C1 noun /bəˈbuːn/

Baboon

Pavian
Meaning
a large African and Arabian primate with a dog-like snout and colorful buttocks
Example
The baboon troop gathered around the watering hole in the savanna.
Die Pavian-Gruppe versammelte sich um das Wasserloch in der Savanne.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

unbedacht
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
Es war unbedacht von ihm, den Plan in der Öffentlichkeit zu erwähnen.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

curfew

Ausgangssperre
Meaning
a rule requiring people to stay indoors after a certain time, usually at night
Example
The city imposed a curfew during the unrest.
Die Stadt verhängte während der Unruhen eine Ausgangssperre.
C1 noun /mɔːˈtæləti/

mortality

Sterblichkeit
Meaning
the state of being subject to death; the death rate of a population
Example
Advancements in medicine have reduced child mortality significantly.
Fortschritte in der Medizin haben die Kindersterblichkeit erheblich reduziert.
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

hilfstran
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
der hilfstran kam mit lebensmitteln und medizinischen hilfsgütern für die flutopfer an.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

stereotyp
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
Seine stereotypen Witze konnten das Publikum nicht beeindrucken.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

Scroll-Sucht
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
Scroll-Sucht ist eine wachsende Besorgnis unter Smartphone-Nutzern.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/

overthrow

Glück
Meaning
To remove a leader or government from power, often by force.
Example
The rebels planned to overthrow the corrupt regime.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

synergetisch
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
Ein synergetischer Effekt tritt auf, wenn Nährstoffe zusammenarbeiten.
C1 noun /ˈpɪn.sərz/

Pincers

Zange
Meaning
a tool made of two curved or hinged pieces of metal used for gripping and pulling things
Example
The chef used pincers to remove the hot pot from the stove.
Der Koch benutzte eine Zange, um den heißen Topf vom Herd zu nehmen.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtɪsəns/

reticence

Zurückhaltung
Meaning
the quality of being reserved or unwilling to speak freely
Example
His reticence made it difficult to know what he was thinking.
Seine Zurückhaltung machte es schwierig zu wissen, was er dachte.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɛkjətər/

executor

Testamentsvollstrecker
Meaning
A person appointed to carry out the terms of someone's will after their death.
Example
The executor managed the estate according to the deceased’s wishes.
Der Testamentsvollstrecker verwaltete das Vermögen gemäß den Wünschen des Verstorbenen.
C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

Farce
Meaning
a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation
Example
The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.
Das Treffen verwandelte sich in eine komplette Farce, als alle stritten.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈfiː.ti/

Graffiti

Schriften oder Zeichnungen, die illegal an einer Wand oder einer anderen Oberfläche an einem öffentlichen Ort gemacht wurden
Meaning
writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place
Example
The subway walls were covered with colorful graffiti created by local street artists.
Die U-Bahn-Wände waren mit buntem Graffiti bedeckt, das von lokalen Straßenkünstlern erstellt wurde.
C1 noun /dɪˈlɪriəm/

delirium

Delirium
Meaning
An acutely disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence.
Example
The patient experienced delirium after the surgery due to the strong medication.
Der Patient erlebte nach der Operation aufgrund starker Medikamente Delirium.
C1 verb /ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪt/

legislate

gesetzlich regeln
Meaning
to make or enact laws
Example
The government plans to legislate new safety standards.
Die Regierung plant, neue Sicherheitsstandards zu gesetzlich festzulegen.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnəbl/

discernible

wahrnehmbar
Meaning
able to be seen, recognized, or understood
Example
There was a discernible change in his behavior.
Es gab eine wahrnehmbare Veränderung in seinem Verhalten.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

Person aus dem Iran oder die persisch spricht
Meaning
a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)
Example
The Persian language has a rich literary history.
Die persische Sprache hat eine reiche literarische Geschichte.
C1 noun ˈæŋkərɪdʒ

anchorage

Ankerplatz
Meaning
A secure holding place; a place where ships can anchor safely.
Example
The boat was anchored near the shore for safety.
Das Boot wurde zur Sicherheit in der Nähe des Ufers verankert.
C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

Wiederruf, Rücknahme
Meaning
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
Example
The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.
Die Zeitung veröffentlichte einen Widerruf des falschen Berichts.
C1 noun /dɪˈsiːt/

Deceit

Betrug; Täuschung; Lüge
Meaning
the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misrepresenting the truth
Example
His deceit was discovered when the truth about his qualifications came to light.
Sein Betrug wurde entdeckt, als die Wahrheit über seine Qualifikationen ans Licht kam.
C1 adjective /həˈred.ɪ.ter.i/

Hereditary

erblich; von den Vorfahren vererbt
Meaning
passed down through family genes; inherited from ancestors
Example
The hereditary disease was passed down through generations.
Die erbliche Krankheit wurde über Generationen hinweg weitergegeben.
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

idyllisch und schön
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
Sie genossen einen idyllischen Urlaub am Meer.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛn.sər.i/

sensory

sensorisch
Meaning
Related to the five human senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell).
Example
Sensory feedback enhances the VR experience.
Sensorisches Feedback verbessert das VR-Erlebnis.
C1 noun /ˌluː.brɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

lubrication

Schmierung
Meaning
The action of applying a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact.
Example
Lubrication of the eyes is essential for well-being.
Die Schmierung der Augen ist für das Wohlbefinden unerlässlich.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

Keuschheit; Jungfräulichkeit; Mäßigung;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
Viele religiöse Traditionen schätzen Keuschheit als eine Tugend der moralischen Reinheit.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

gegenwirken
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
Das Medikament hilft, die Nebenwirkungen der Behandlung auszugleichen.
C1 noun /ˈmɒdɪfaɪər/

modifier

Modifikator
Meaning
a word or element that changes, limits, or describes the meaning of another word; something that alters or adjusts
Example
In the phrase 'very cold', 'very' is a modifier of 'cold'.
Im Ausdruck „very cold“ ist „very“ ein Modifikator von „cold“.
C1 verb /dɪˈpriːʃieɪt/

depreciate

abwerten
Meaning
to reduce in value over time
Example
Cars tend to depreciate quickly in their first few years.
Autos neigen dazu, schnell an Wert zu verlieren in den ersten Jahren.
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

Infusion
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
Sie bereitete eine beruhigende Infusion aus Kamillentee zu.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɜrn/

adjourn

vertagen
Meaning
to suspend a meeting or session to another time or place
Example
The judge decided to adjourn the hearing until next week.
Der Richter entschied, die Anhörung bis nächste Woche zu vertagen.
C1 verb /ˌɪntərˈsɛpt/

intercept

abfangen
Meaning
to stop, catch, or seize something on its way from one place to another
Example
The police intercepted the stolen car before it crossed the border.
Die Polizei fing das gestohlene Auto ab, bevor es die Grenze überschritt.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

elektrisieren; begeistern
Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
Die Rede begeisterte das Publikum.
C1 verb /riːk/

wreak

Schaden anrichten
Meaning
to cause or inflict something, especially damage or harm
Example
The storm wreaked havoc on the coastal villages.
Der Sturm richtete großen Schaden in den Küstendörfern an.
C1 verb /ˈtɒpl/

topple

stürzen
Meaning
to fall or cause to fall over; to overthrow
Example
The earthquake caused the old building to topple.
Das Erdbeben hat das alte Gebäude zum Umstürzen gebracht.
C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

mnemonisches Gerät, Technik zum Erinnern
Meaning
Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.
Example
A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.
Ein mnemotechnisches Gerät hilft den Schülern, komplexe Konzepte zu merken.
C1 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kər/

mediocre

mittelmäßig
Meaning
Of only average quality; not very good.
Example
The movie was entertaining but overall mediocre.
Der Film war unterhaltsam, aber insgesamt mittelmäßig.
C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

Verdunstungskühler
Meaning
a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature
Example
The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.
Der Verdunstungskühler funktioniert am besten in trockenen Klimazonen.
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

sklavisch
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
Seine sklavische Hingabe an die Tradition verhinderte jede Innovation.
C1 noun ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən

fragmentation

Fragmentierung
Meaning
The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments.
Example
Habitat fragmentation threatens many species.
Die Fragmentierung des Lebensraums bedroht viele Arten.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

Zusammenhalt
Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
Das Team zeigte hervorragenden Zusammenhalt während des Projekts.
C1 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪzəm/

liberalism

Liberalismus
Meaning
a political and social philosophy advocating individual freedoms, democracy, and equality
Example
Liberalism emphasizes freedom of speech and human rights.
Liberalismus betont die Meinungsfreiheit und die Menschenrechte.
C1 verb /ɡrʌnt/

grunt

grunzen
Meaning
to make a low, rough sound, often when exerting effort or expressing annoyance
Example
He grunted as he lifted the heavy box.
Er grunzte, als er die schwere Kiste hob.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

Steinsalz
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
Steinsalz wird als gesünder angesehen als Tafelsalz.
C1 adjective /ˈbækˌhændɪd/

backhanded

indirekt oder sarkastisch
Meaning
Indirect or sarcastic, often appearing as praise but actually insulting.
Example
She gave him a backhanded compliment about his work.
Sie machte ihm ein indirektes Kompliment über seine Arbeit.
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

Stupor
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
Er blieb in einem Stupor, nachdem er die schockierenden Nachrichten gehört hatte.
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

dürr
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
Der dürr Junge konnte die schwere Tasche kaum heben.
C1 noun /eb/

Ebb

Ebbe; abfließende Gezeiten
Meaning
the receding tide; a gradual decline or reduction
Example
The fishermen waited for the ebb before returning to shore.
Die Fischer warteten auf die Ebbe, bevor sie zum Ufer zurückkehrten.
C1 verb /ɡoʊd/

goad

anstacheln
Meaning
to provoke, annoy, or urge someone to take action
Example
He tried to goad his opponent into making a mistake.
Er versuchte, seinen Gegner zu einem Fehler zu verleiten.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

Seelsorger
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
Der Militärseelsorger sprach Gebete vor der Schlacht.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

Kalibrierung
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
Die Genauigkeit einer Waage hängt von regelmäßiger Kalibrierung ab.
C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

senkrecht
Meaning
At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.
Example
The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.
Die Leiter wurde senkrecht zum Boden für die Sicherheit aufgestellt.
C1 noun /ˈmɪm.ɪk/

Mimic

Nachahmer; nachahmen;
Meaning
A person who copies or imitates the actions, speech, or mannerisms of others
Example
The talented mimic could perfectly imitate famous celebrities.
Der talentierte Nachahmer konnte berühmte Prominente perfekt nachahmen.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪpsi/

tipsy

leicht betrunken
Meaning
slightly drunk
Example
She felt tipsy after just one glass of wine.
Sie fühlte sich nach nur einem Glas Wein ein wenig betrunken.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

vorgeplant
Meaning
planned in advance; done deliberately
Example
The crime was clearly premeditated.
Das Verbrechen war eindeutig vorgeplant.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɜːrdʒənt/

resurgent

wiederauflebend
Meaning
Becoming strong, active, or popular again.
Example
The resurgent economy gave hope to many businesses.
Die wiederauflebende Wirtschaft gab vielen Unternehmen Hoffnung.
C1 noun /pəˈrɪm.ɪ.tər/

perimeter

Umfang
Meaning
the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure or area
Example
The soldiers guarded the perimeter of the camp.
Die Soldaten bewachten den Umfang des Lagers.
C1 adjective ɪˈræt.ɪk

erratic

erratisch
Meaning
Unpredictable and inconsistent; not even or regular in pattern or movement.
Example
His erratic behavior confused his colleagues.
Sein erratisches Verhalten verwirrte seine Kollegen.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

Spekulant
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Der Immobilien-Spekulant kaufte Land in der Hoffnung, dass sein Wert steigen würde.
C1 noun /ˌoʊvərprəˈdʌkʃən/

overproduction

Überproduktion
Meaning
The act of producing more of something than is needed or can be consumed.
Example
The economic crisis was caused by the overproduction of goods.
Die Wirtschaftskrise wurde durch die Überproduktion von Gütern verursacht.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

unwiderruflich
Meaning
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
Example
She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.
Sie traf eine unwiderrufliche Entscheidung, das Unternehmen zu verlassen.
C1 noun /kɪˈməʊnoʊ/

kimono

kimono
Meaning
a traditional Japanese robe with wide sleeves, tied with a sash
Example
She wore a beautiful silk kimono at the ceremony.
Sie trug ein wunderschönes Seidenkimono bei der Zeremonie.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

Introspektion
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Durch Introspektion gewann sie tiefere Einblicke in ihre Emotionen.
C1 noun /ˌæn.əˈnɪm.ə.ti/

anonymity

Anonymität
Meaning
The state of being anonymous; having one's identity kept secret or unknown.
Example
Online anonymity protects users from cyber threats.
Online-Anonymität schützt Benutzer vor Cyber-Bedrohungen.
C1 noun /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/

debacle

Debakel
Meaning
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
Example
The company's poor management led to a financial debacle.
Das schlechte Management des Unternehmens führte zu einem finanziellen Debakel.
C1 noun /doʊ/

doe

Reh
Meaning
a female deer, especially an adult one
Example
The doe and her fawn were grazing in the meadow.
Das Reh und ihr Kitz grasten auf der Wiese.
C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

Parfümindustrie
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
Sie arbeitet in einer Parfümerie, die luxuriöse Düfte kreiert.
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

Meißel
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
Der Zimmermann benutzte einen Meißel, um das Holz zu schnitzen.
C1 noun /ˈweɪs(t).koʊt/

waistcoat

Weste
Meaning
a sleeveless garment worn over a shirt and under a jacket
Example
He wore a black waistcoat with his suit.
Er trug eine schwarze Weste zu seinem Anzug.
C1 noun /ˈɔr.i.ənt/

Orient

Orient, insbesondere die Länder Ostasiens
Meaning
the East, especially countries of eastern Asia; to determine one's position or direction
Example
Many spices come from the Orient.
Viele Gewürze kommen aus dem Orient.
C1 adjective /ˈɡleɪʃəl/

glacial

mit Eis oder Gletschern verbunden
Meaning
relating to ice or glaciers; extremely cold or unfriendly
Example
The mountains were covered in glacial ice.
Die Berge waren mit Gletschereis bedeckt.
C1 noun /təˈbuː/

taboo

Tabu
Meaning
a social or cultural prohibition against certain practices or discussions
Example
Talking about money is considered a taboo in some cultures.
In einigen Kulturen gilt es als Tabu, über Geld zu sprechen.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

mutig
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
Das mutige Kind rettete das Kätzchen vom Baum.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

Konzeption; Idee; Befruchtung
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
Die Konzeption dieses innovativen Projekts dauerte mehrere Monate intensiven Brainstormings.
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

Desinfektion
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
Regelmäßige Desinfektion hält Geräte keimfrei.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

hoher Grad an Komplexität oder Raffinesse
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
Die Raffinesse moderner KI-Technologie ist bemerkenswert.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sadistisch
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
Der Bösewicht hatte ein sadistisches Lächeln, als er seinen Feinden Schaden zufügte.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

kessel
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
Die Hexe rührte ihren Trank in einem großen Kessel um.
C1 noun ˌfɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

fortification

Befestigung
Meaning
A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack.
Example
The fortifications protected the city.
Die Befestigungen schützten die Stadt.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrəl/

choral

mit dem Chor verbunden
Meaning
Relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or chorus.
Example
The church hosted a choral performance on Sunday.
Die Kirche veranstaltete am Sonntag eine Choralaufführung.
C1 noun məˌtɪərɪəˈlɪstɪk ˈlaɪfstaɪl

materialistic lifestyle

materialistische Lebensweise
Meaning
A way of living focused on acquiring material possessions and wealth.
Example
A materialistic lifestyle often leads to moral decline.
Ein materialistischer Lebensstil führt oft zu moralischem Verfall.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtrəsˌpɛkt/

retrospect

Rückblick
Meaning
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
Example
In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise.
Im Rückblick schien die Entscheidung unklug.
C1 verb /ˈɔːstrəˌsaɪz/

ostracize

ostracisieren
Meaning
to exclude someone from a group or society; to banish or shun
Example
After the scandal, he was ostracized by his former colleagues.
Nach dem Skandal wurde er von seinen ehemaligen Kollegen ostracized.
C1 verb /əˈlʊər/

allure

verführen
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone with something desirable; to entice
Example
The beautiful garden allured visitors from far away.
Der schöne Garten verlockte Besucher von weit her.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

trostlos; düster; traurig; ohne Freude
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
Das alte Haus sah trostlos und verlassen im Winterregen aus.
C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

angeblich
Meaning
alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof
Example
The purported evidence was later proven false.
Die angeblichen Beweise wurden später als falsch entlarvt.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.əns/

pittance

Almosen
Meaning
a very small or inadequate amount of money
Example
She worked long hours for a mere pittance.
Sie arbeitete lange Stunden für ein Almosen.