artifice
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C2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪfɪs/

artifice

Kunstgriff
Meaning
clever or cunning devices or tricks used to deceive others
Example
The politician's charm was nothing but artifice.
Der Charme des Politikers war nichts als ein Kunstgriff.
C2 noun /ˈskɪz.əm/ or /ˈsɪz.əm/

schism

Glück
Meaning
A division or split between strongly opposed parties, often in religion or organizations.
Example
The schism in the church led to the formation of two separate groups.
Sie konnte ihr Glück nicht verbergen, als sie den Preis erhielt.
C2 verb /ʌpˈbreɪd/

upbraid

schimpfen
Meaning
To scold or criticize someone harshly.
Example
The teacher upbraided the student for being late again.
Der Lehrer schimpfte mit dem Schüler, weil er wieder zu spät war.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

ermahnend
Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
Die ermahnenden Worte des Managers motivierten das Team, härter zu arbeiten.
C2 noun /brɪˈtæniə/

britannia

Britannia
Meaning
the personification of Britain, often shown as a woman with a helmet and shield
Example
Britannia has been a symbol of Britain since Roman times.
Britannia ist seit der römischen Zeit ein Symbol für Großbritannien.
C2 noun /ˈiːɒn/ or /ˈiːən/

aeon

Äon
Meaning
An indefinitely long period of time; an age or eternity.
Example
Dinosaurs roamed the Earth millions of aeons ago.
Die Dinosaurier streiften vor Millionen Äonen über die Erde.
C2 noun /luːn/

lune

Mondsichel
Meaning
A crescent-shaped figure formed by two intersecting arcs; also means 'moon' in French.
Example
The mathematician studied the properties of the lune.
Der Mathematiker untersuchte die Eigenschaften der Mondsichel.
C2 noun /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

sagacity

tiefes Wissen
Meaning
The quality of being sagacious; having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
Example
His sagacity made him a great leader.
Seine Sagazität machte ihn zu einem großartigen Führer.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌraɪt/

underwrite

finanzielle Unterstützung garantieren
Meaning
To guarantee financial support, especially by agreeing to cover losses or risks; in insurance, to assess and accept risks.
Example
The bank agreed to underwrite the company's new bond issue.
Die Bank stimmte zu, die neue Anleiheemission des Unternehmens zu unterzeichnen.
C2 verb /ˌmɪskənˈsiːv/

misconceive

missverstehen
Meaning
To misunderstand or form an incorrect idea about something.
Example
He misconceived the purpose of the project.
Er missverstand den Zweck des Projekts.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

verkaufbar
Meaning
Capable of being sold; marketable.
Example
Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.
Nur verkaufbare Produkte wurden auf der Handelsmesse ausgestellt.
C2 noun /ɪˈfʌldʒəns/

effulgence

Glanz
Meaning
Brilliant radiance or shining brightness.
Example
The effulgence of the sunrise lit up the entire valley.
Der Glanz des Sonnenaufgangs erleuchtete das ganze Tal.
C2 verb /ˈɪntərˌdɪkt/

interdict

verbieten
Meaning
to prohibit or forbid something by authoritative order, often by law or decree
Example
The court moved to interdict the sale of the illegal goods.
Das Gericht beschloss, den Verkauf der illegalen Waren zu verbieten.
C2 verb /kəˈmɪŋɡəl/

commingle

vermischen
Meaning
To mix or blend different things together.
Example
The charity does not commingle donations with operational funds.
Die Wohltätigkeitsorganisation vermischt keine Spenden mit Betriebsmitteln.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪdrəs/

hydrous

wasserhaltig
Meaning
Containing water, especially water of crystallization.
Example
The mineral is hydrous because it contains water molecules in its structure.
Das Mineral ist hydriert, da es Wassermoleküle in seiner Struktur enthält.
C2 verb /flɛdʒ/

fledge

flügge werden
Meaning
To develop wing feathers large enough for flight; to bring up until able to fly.
Example
The young birds will fledge in a few weeks.
Die jungen Vögel werden in ein paar Wochen flügge werden.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsɒljʊbl/

indissoluble

Unauflöslich
Meaning
Unable to be destroyed, broken, or dissolved.
Example
Marriage was once considered an indissoluble bond.
Die Ehe wurde einst als unauflösliche Bindung betrachtet.
C2 noun /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃən/

ostentation

Prunk
Meaning
excessive display of wealth or knowledge intended to attract admiration or envy
Example
The billionaire’s party was full of ostentation and luxury.
Die Party des Milliardärs war voller Prunk und Luxus.
C2 adjective /ˈkeəwɔːn/

careworn

abgekämpft und besorgt
Meaning
Showing signs of worry, stress, or exhaustion.
Example
His careworn face revealed years of struggle.
Sein abgekämpftes Gesicht verriet jahrelange Kämpfe.
C2 noun /ˌækwəˈpɒnɪks/

aquaponics

Aquaponik
Meaning
A system of aquaculture in which the waste produced by farmed fish or other aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically.
Example
Aquaponics efficiently utilizes water by integrating fish and plant farming.
Aquaponik nutzt Wasser effizient, indem es Fisch- und Pflanzenzucht integriert.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌl.i/

gully

Schlucht, Bach
Meaning
A narrow channel or ravine worn away by water.
Example
After the storm, the road was cut by a deep gully.
Nach dem Sturm wurde die Straße von einem tiefen Tal durchzogen.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɛktəbl/

perfectible

verbesserbar
Meaning
capable of being made perfect or improved
Example
Human nature is imperfect but perfectible.
Die menschliche Natur ist unvollkommen, aber verbesserbar.
C2 noun /eɪˈklɑː/

eclat

großer Erfolg
Meaning
Brilliant success, acclaim, or great public approval.
Example
The artist's debut performance was met with great éclat.
Die erste Aufführung des Künstlers wurde mit großem Erfolg aufgenommen.
C2 noun /tækˈsɒnəmɪst/

taxonomist

Taxonom
Meaning
A scientist who classifies organisms into groups based on their characteristics.
Example
The taxonomist discovered a new species of insect.
Der Taxonom entdeckte eine neue Insektenart.
C2 noun /niˈɒlədʒi/

neology

Die Verwendung neuer Wörter oder das Studium ihrer Herkunft
Meaning
The use of new words or the study of their origin.
Example
The professor specialized in neology, studying the creation of modern slang.
Der Professor spezialisierte sich auf Neologie und untersuchte die Entstehung modernen Slangs.
C2 adjective /sʌbˈlɪŋɡwəl/

sublingual

sublingual
Meaning
situated or applied under the tongue
Example
The doctor prescribed a sublingual tablet for faster absorption.
Der Arzt verschrieb eine sublinguale Tablette für eine schnellere Aufnahme.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊ.ɪt/ or /ɪnˈkoʊ.eɪt/

inchoate

unvollständig
Meaning
Just begun and not fully formed; rudimentary.
Example
His inchoate ideas needed more research to be developed.
Seine unvollständigen Ideen benötigten mehr Forschung, um weiterentwickelt zu werden.
C2 noun /ˈɡæliən/

galleon

Galeone
Meaning
A large sailing ship used mainly by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries.
Example
The Spanish galleon carried treasures across the Atlantic.
Das spanische Galeone trug Schätze über den Atlantik.
C2 noun /reɪθ/

wraith

Gespenst
Meaning
A ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially seen shortly before or after their death.
Example
A wraith appeared in the fog near the old castle.
Ein Gespenst erschien im Nebel in der Nähe des alten Schlosses.
C2 noun /ˈjuːnɪvəˌlɛns/

univalence

Univalenz
Meaning
The state of having a single valence or combining power, especially in chemistry.
Example
Hydrogen is characterized by its univalence in chemical reactions.
Wasserstoff ist durch seine Univalenz in chemischen Reaktionen gekennzeichnet.
C2 adjective /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

abortive

gescheitert
Meaning
Failing to produce the intended result; unsuccessful.
Example
Their abortive attempt to climb the mountain ended in retreat.
Ihr abortiver Versuch, den Berg zu besteigen, endete in einem Rückzug.
C2 verb /dɪˈbɔːtʃ/

debauch

verderben
Meaning
to corrupt morally; to lead into excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures
Example
The novel shows how wealth can debauch a person's character.
Der Roman zeigt, wie Reichtum den Charakter einer Person verderben kann.
C2 noun /kwɑːˈfjʊr/

coiffure

Frisur
Meaning
A person's hairstyle, typically an elaborate one.
Example
Her elegant coiffure impressed everyone at the party.
Ihre elegante Frisur beeindruckte alle auf der Party.
C2 adjective /rɪˈkæl.sɪ.trənt/

recalcitrant

widerspenstig, störrisch, ungehorsam
Meaning
Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline.
Example
The recalcitrant student refused to follow rules.
Der widerspenstige Schüler weigerte sich, den Regeln zu folgen.
C2 noun /floʊ/

floe

Eisfloß
Meaning
a large sheet of floating ice
Example
The polar bears rested on the ice floe.
Die Eisbären ruhten auf dem Eisfloß.
C2 verb /ˈɡlaʊ.ər/

glower

mit Zorn ansehen
Meaning
To look at someone with an angry or sullen expression.
Example
He glowered at his rival across the room.
Er starrte seinen Rivalen auf der anderen Seite des Raumes mit Zorn an.
C2 noun /ˈfjʊr.ʌŋ.kəl/

Furuncle

furunkel; beule;
Meaning
a painful pus-filled bump under the skin caused by infected, inflamed hair follicles
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the painful furuncle on his neck.
Der Arzt verschrieb Antibiotika, um das schmerzhafte Furunkel an seinem Hals zu behandeln.
C2 verb /dʒaʊst/

joust

Ritterturnier
Meaning
to engage in a medieval contest on horseback with lances; to compete or argue
Example
The knights prepared to joust in front of the cheering crowd.
Die Ritter bereiteten sich vor, vor der jubelnden Menge zu kämpfen.
C2 noun /ˈhɑːdɪhʊd/

hardihood

Mut, Kühnheit
Meaning
Courage, boldness, or daring behavior; also physical robustness.
Example
The mountaineer's hardihood impressed the entire team.
Der Mut des Bergsteigers beeindruckte das ganze Team.
C2 noun /dɪˈtrækʃən/

detraction

Abwertung
Meaning
The act of belittling or taking away from the value of something.
Example
Her constant detraction of others made her unpopular.
Ihre ständige Abwertung anderer machte sie unpopulär.
C2 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɑː.lə.sɪs/

electrolysis

Elektrolyse
Meaning
A chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution.
Example
Electrolysis is used to separate hydrogen from water.
Elektrolyse wird verwendet, um Wasserstoff aus Wasser zu trennen.
C2 noun /ˌdaɪələˈtɪʃən/

dialectician

Dialektiker
Meaning
A person skilled in dialectic or logical argument.
Example
Socrates is often considered the greatest dialectician in history.
Sokrates wird oft als der größte Dialektiker in der Geschichte angesehen.
C2 verb /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/

debilitate

schwächen
Meaning
to weaken or make someone or something infirm
Example
The long illness debilitated his strength.
Die lange Krankheit schwächte seine Kraft.
C2 noun ট্রোপোস্ফিয়ার

troposphere

troposphäre
Meaning
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Example
The troposphere is where weather phenomena occur.
Die Troposphäre ist der Ort, an dem Wetterphänomene auftreten.
C2 verb /slʌf/ or /sluː/

slough

Haut abwerfen / Sumpfgebiet
Meaning
To shed or cast off (like dead skin); also a swampy or muddy area.
Example
The snake sloughed off its old skin.
Die Schlange warf ihre alte Haut ab.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒrɪdʒəbəl/

incorrigible

unverbesserlich
Meaning
incapable of being corrected, improved, or reformed
Example
He is an incorrigible optimist who never loses hope.
Er ist ein unverbesserlicher Optimist, der niemals die Hoffnung verliert.
C2 noun dʒɛsˌtɪk.jʊˈleɪ.ʃənz

gesticulations

Gestikulationen
Meaning
Expressive hand or body movements while speaking to convey thoughts or emotions
Example
His energetic gesticulations made the speech more engaging.
Seine energetischen Gestikulationen machten die Rede fesselnder.
C2 noun /məˈʃiː.nɪst/

machinist

Maschinenbediener
Meaning
a person who operates machine tools or makes and repairs machines
Example
The machinist carefully adjusted the gears on the lathe.
Der Maschinenführer hat die Zahnräder auf der Drehmaschine sorgfältig eingestellt.
C2 adjective /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/

churlish

unhöflich
Meaning
Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.
Example
It would be churlish to refuse her kind invitation.
Es wäre unhöflich, ihre freundliche Einladung abzulehnen.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdɛkərəs/

indecorous

indekorös
Meaning
Not in keeping with good taste and propriety; improper.
Example
His indecorous behavior shocked the audience.
Sein indekoröses Verhalten schockierte das Publikum.
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

Zooplankton
Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
Zooplankton spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der aquatischen Nahrungskette.
C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

aufmerksames Lesen
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
Der Vertrag wurde dem Anwalt zur sorgfältigen Durchsicht übergeben.
C2 noun /ˈdoʊtɪdʒ/

dotage

Alter
Meaning
The period of old age, especially when one is weak or senile.
Example
He spent his dotage reminiscing about his youth.
Er verbrachte sein Alter damit, an seine Jugend zu erinnern.
C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/

imperturbability

Unerschütterlichkeit
Meaning
The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.
Example
Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.
Ihre Unerschütterlichkeit während der Krise beeindruckte alle.
C2 noun/verb /ˈsʌkər/

succor

Hilfe
Meaning
Assistance and support in times of hardship or distress.
Example
The charity provided succor to the flood victims.
Die Wohltätigkeit leistete den Flutopfern Hilfe.
C2 verb /rɪˈkwaɪt/

requite

erwidern
Meaning
to return or repay a favor, service, or feeling
Example
She requited his kindness with a thoughtful gift.
Sie erwiderte seine Freundlichkeit mit einem durchdachten Geschenk.
C2 noun /ˌkæt ə ˈnaɪn ˌteɪlz/

cat-o-nine-tails

Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen
Meaning
A whip with nine knotted cords, historically used for punishment.
Example
The sailor feared the cat-o-nine-tails more than the storm at sea.
Der Matrose fürchtete die Peitsche mit neun Schwänzen mehr als den Sturm auf See.
C2 noun /ˈhoʊʒəri/

hosiery

Strümpfe und Beinbekleidung
Meaning
Stockings, socks, and other knitted clothing for the legs and feet.
Example
She bought new hosiery for the winter season.
Sie kaufte neue Strümpfe für die Wintersaison.
C2 noun /draɪd ˈfɛnjʊˌɡriːk livz/

Dried Fenugreek Leaves

getrocknete Bockshornkleeblätter
Meaning
dehydrated leaves of the fenugreek plant used as a herb in cooking
Example
Add dried fenugreek leaves to the curry for extra flavor.
Fügen Sie dem Curry getrocknete Bockshornkleeblätter für zusätzlichen Geschmack hinzu.
C2 verb /ɪnˈveɪ/

inveigh

heftig kritisieren
Meaning
To speak or write about something with great hostility and criticism.
Example
He inveighed against the corruption in government.
Er kritisierte heftig die Korruption in der Regierung.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈlæpɪˌdɛri/

lapidary

Lapidarist
Meaning
As noun: a person who cuts, polishes, or engraves precious stones; As adjective: relating to such work.
Example
The museum displayed lapidary tools used in ancient times.
Das Museum zeigte lapidarische Werkzeuge, die in alten Zeiten verwendet wurden.
C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

Philologe
Meaning
a person who studies languages and their history
Example
The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.
Der Philologe analysierte alte Texte, um die Sprachentwicklung zu verstehen.
C2 adjective /ˈdjuːtiəs/

duteous

pflichtbewusst
Meaning
dutiful; obedient and respectful
Example
The duteous child always followed her parents’ instructions.
Das pflichtbewusste Kind folgte immer den Anweisungen seiner Eltern.
C2 noun /ˈdræɡˌnɛt/

dragnet

Durchsuchung
Meaning
A systematic search or investigation, often by police to catch criminals.
Example
The police launched a dragnet to capture the fugitives.
Die Polizei startete eine Durchsuchung, um die Flüchtigen zu fangen.
C2 noun /ˈbeɪlɔːr/

bailor

Hinterleger
Meaning
a person who temporarily transfers possession of goods or property to another under a bailment agreement
Example
The bailor entrusted the valuable artwork to the museum for safekeeping.
Der Hinterleger übergab das Kunstwerk dem Museum.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptɑːrki/

heptarchy

Heptarchie
Meaning
A group of seven rulers or governments, especially the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England.
Example
The history book described the heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England.
Das Geschichtsbuch beschrieb die Heptarchie von Anglo-Saxon England.
C2 adjective /prəˈtuːbərənt/

protuberant

vorsprung oder aufgebläht
Meaning
Sticking out or bulging.
Example
His protuberant belly showed after the meal.
Sein aufgeblähter Bauch war nach dem Essen zu sehen.
C2 noun /juː/

Ewe

Mutterschaf
Meaning
a female sheep
Example
The ewe gave birth to twin lambs.
Das Mutterschaf brachte Zwillingslämmer zur Welt.
C2 adjective /ˌɛlɪˈfæntaɪn/

elephantine

elefantengleich
Meaning
Huge, clumsy, or resembling an elephant in size or movement.
Example
The man moved with an elephantine grace.
Der Mann bewegte sich mit einer elefantinen Grazie.
C2 noun/verb /ˈkɜːrtsi/

curtsy

Knicks
Meaning
a respectful bow made by women by bending the knees with one foot in front of the other
Example
She gave a quick curtsy before leaving the stage.
Sie machte einen schnellen Knicks, bevor sie die Bühne verließ.
C2 noun /ˈmʌrɪn/

murrain

Infektionskrankheit des Viehs
Meaning
An infectious disease that affects cattle and other animals, often fatal.
Example
The farmer lost many cows during the outbreak of murrain.
Der Bauer verlor viele Kühe während des Ausbruchs von Murrain.
C2 adjective /ˈfʌŋɡəs/

fungous

pilzartig
Meaning
relating to or resembling a fungus
Example
The damp basement had a fungous smell.
Der feuchte Keller hatte einen pilzartigen Geruch.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/

expository

erklärend
Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
Der Lehrer hielt einen erklärenden Vortrag zu diesem Thema.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtɛnʃəs/

sententious

moralisch; lehrend
Meaning
Given to moralizing in a pompous or affected manner.
Example
His sententious remarks annoyed the audience.
Seine moralisierenden Bemerkungen verärgerten das Publikum.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːpərəbl/

insuperable

unüberwindbar
Meaning
Impossible to overcome or surpass.
Example
The team faced insuperable challenges during the expedition.
Das Team stand während der Expedition vor unüberwindbaren Herausforderungen.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪ.tɪf/

caitiff

Feigling
Meaning
A contemptible or cowardly person.
Example
The knight despised the caitiff who betrayed his comrades.
Der Ritter verachtete den Feigling, der seine Kameraden verraten hatte.
C2 adverb /əˈmʌk/

amuck

in einem wilden, unkontrollierten Zustand
Meaning
in a frenzied, uncontrolled, or chaotic manner
Example
The bull ran amuck through the village.
Der Stier rannte in einem wilden, unkontrollierten Zustand durch das Dorf.
C2 adjective /ˈθʌroʊˌɡoʊɪŋ/

thoroughgoing

vollständig, vollständig
Meaning
carried out to the full extent; absolute and complete
Example
She is a thoroughgoing professional in every sense.
Sie ist in jeder Hinsicht eine vollständige professionelle Fachkraft.
C2 adjective /læŋk/

lank

groß und dünn
Meaning
Tall, thin, and often awkward in appearance.
Example
The lank teenager towered over his classmates.
Der große, dünne Teenager ragte über seine Klassenkameraden hinaus.
C2 noun /ˈlaɪər/

lier

Lügner
Meaning
a person who tells lies; an alternative spelling of liar
Example
No one trusted him because he was known as a habitual lier.
Niemand vertraute ihm, weil er ein bekannter Lügner war.
C2 verb /lʌɡˈʒʊrieɪt/

luxuriate

in Luxus schwelgen
Meaning
to enjoy something in a self-indulgent way; to take pleasure in great comfort
Example
She luxuriated in the warm bubble bath after a long day.
Sie hat sich in dem warmen Blubberbad nach einem langen Tag luxuriert.
C2 noun /ˈmælɪt fɪʃ/

Mallet fish

Schalenfisch
Meaning
A marine fish with a hard shell-like covering, found in coastal waters
Example
The mallet fish is known for its unique protective shell covering.
Der Schalenfisch ist für seine einzigartige schützende Hülle bekannt.
C2 noun /ˈsɒlɪˌsɪzəm/

solecism

Solezismus
Meaning
a grammatical mistake in speech or writing; a breach of good manners or etiquette
Example
His speech was full of solecisms and awkward phrases.
Seine Rede war voller Solezismen und unbeholfener Sätze.
C2 adverb /hərˈmɛtɪkli/

hermetically

hermetisch
Meaning
In a way that is completely airtight or sealed off.
Example
The jars were hermetically sealed to preserve freshness.
Die Gläser wurden hermetisch versiegelt, um die Frische zu bewahren.
C2 noun /ˈlɪtɪɡənt/

litigant

Kläger
Meaning
a person involved in a lawsuit
Example
The court summoned both litigants for the hearing.
Das Gericht hat beide Kläger zur Anhörung vorgeladen.
C2 verb /ˈɡrʌvəl/

grovel

kriechen
Meaning
To act in an excessively humble or submissive way to gain favor.
Example
He groveled before his boss to avoid punishment.
er kroch vor seinem Chef, um Strafe zu vermeiden.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌmæn/

underman

mit zu wenig Personal versorgen
Meaning
to supply with fewer workers or personnel than needed
Example
The hospital was undermanned during the flu outbreak.
Das Krankenhaus war unterbesetzt während des Grippeausbruchs.
C2 verb /ɪˈfeɪs/

efface

auslöschen
Meaning
To erase or wipe out something; to make oneself inconspicuous.
Example
Time had effaced the letters on the old gravestone.
Die Zeit hatte die Buchstaben auf dem alten Grabstein gelöscht.
C2 adjective /ˈflaɪti/

flighty

instabil
Meaning
unstable, impulsive, or easily distracted; lacking seriousness or stability
Example
She’s too flighty to stick with one job for long.
Sie ist zu instabil, um lange bei einem Job zu bleiben.
C2 noun /kəˌrɒbəˈreɪʃən/

corroboration

Bestätigung
Meaning
evidence that confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding
Example
The documents provided strong corroboration of her claims.
Die Dokumente lieferten starke Bestätigung ihrer Ansprüche.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

bester Schüler
Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
Sie wurde als bester Schüler ihrer Klasse geehrt.
C2 noun /ˈpɒm.əl/

pommel

der abgerundete Knopf am Griff eines Schwertes oder Sattels
Meaning
the rounded knob on the handle of a sword or saddle
Example
He gripped the sword firmly by the pommel.
Er griff das Schwert fest am Pommel.
C2 noun ˌfjuːmɪˈɡeɪʃən

fumigation

Fumigation
Meaning
The practice of disinfecting or purifying an area using gas or smoke.
Example
Fumigation is an effective method to control pest infestations.
Fumigation ist eine effektive Methode, um Schädlingsbefall zu kontrollieren.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəbl/

exceptionable

anstößig
Meaning
Open to objection; causing disapproval.
Example
His rude remarks were considered exceptionable by everyone present.
Seine unhöflichen Bemerkungen wurden von allen Anwesenden als anstößig empfunden.
C2 adjective /ˈstraɪ.eɪ.tɪd/

striated

gestreift
Meaning
marked with thin lines, grooves, or stripes
Example
The muscle fibers appeared striated under the microscope.
Die Muskelfasern erschienen unter dem Mikroskop gestreift.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
C2 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ ækt/

Alkali Act

Alkali Gesetz
Meaning
A British law passed in 1863 to regulate the emission of hydrochloric acid gas from alkali works, representing one of the first pieces of environmental legislation.
Example
The Alkali Act of 1863 was one of the first environmental laws.
Das Alkali-Gesetz von 1863 war eines der ersten Umweltgesetze.
C2 noun kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən

compunction

Reue
Meaning
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.
Example
He felt compunction after lying to his friend.
Er fühlte Reue, nachdem er seinem Freund gelogen hatte.
C2 noun /ˈwɒrən/

warren

ein Kaninchenbau-Netzwerk
Meaning
A network of interconnected rabbit burrows; also used metaphorically for a densely populated building or district.
Example
The old part of the city is a warren of narrow streets.
Der alte Teil der Stadt ist ein Labyrinth aus engen Straßen.
C2 verb /kəˈnoʊt/

connote

konnotieren
Meaning
To suggest or imply an additional meaning beyond the literal one.
Example
The word 'youthful' connotes energy and vitality.
Das Wort 'jugendlich' konnotiert Energie und Vitalität.
C2 verb /fɪˈlændər/

philander

flirten
Meaning
to engage in casual or frivolous romantic or sexual relationships
Example
He was known to philander with many women in town.
Er war dafür bekannt, mit vielen Frauen in der Stadt zu flirten.
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

Vatermord
Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
Das Gericht verurteilte ihn wegen Vatermordes nach dem tragischen Vorfall.
C2 verb /dʌn/

dun

eine Schuld einfordern
Meaning
to demand payment of a debt persistently
Example
The landlord dunned the tenant for unpaid rent.
Der Vermieter forderte mehrfach die unbezahlte Miete vom Mieter an.
C2 noun /ˈkɒɡneɪt/

cognate

Kognat
Meaning
a word related to another word in origin; having the same linguistic root
Example
The Spanish word 'madre' and the English word 'mother' are cognates.
Das spanische Wort 'madre' und das englische Wort 'mother' sind Kognaten.
C2 noun /ˈdæl.i.əns/

Dalliance

Affäre; Flirt; flüchtige Beziehung
Meaning
a casual romantic or sexual relationship; a brief involvement or experiment
Example
His dalliance with photography lasted only a few months before he lost interest.
Seine Affäre mit der Fotografie dauerte nur wenige Monate, bevor er das Interesse verlor.
C2 verb /ˈlɔɪtər/

loiter

herumstehen, ziellos bleiben
Meaning
To stand or wait around idly without apparent purpose.
Example
The teenagers were told not to loiter outside the shop.
Den Jugendlichen wurde gesagt, sie sollten nicht vor dem Laden herumlaufen.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

volitiv
Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
Der Vertrag wurde unter volitivem Einverständnis zwischen beiden Nationen unterzeichnet.
C2 noun /ˈæp.ɪˌkʌl.tʃər/

apiculture

Bienenzucht
Meaning
The practice of keeping and raising bees for honey and other products.
Example
Apiculture plays a vital role in agriculture by supporting pollination.
Die Bienenzucht spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Landwirtschaft, da sie die Bestäubung unterstützt.
C2 adjective /ˈtʃɛəri/

chary

vorsichtig
Meaning
cautious or wary about doing something
Example
She was chary of investing in the new business venture.
Sie war vorsichtig, in das neue Geschäft zu investieren.
C2 verb /breɪz/

braze

lötverbindung
Meaning
To join two pieces of metal by heating and melting a filler metal into the joint.
Example
The mechanic brazed the broken pipe to fix the leak.
Der Mechaniker lötete das kaputte Rohr, um das Leck zu beheben.
C2 verb /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnd/

misapprehend

missverstehen
Meaning
to misunderstand or misinterpret something
Example
He misapprehended the teacher’s instructions and did the task incorrectly.
Er hat die Anweisungen des Lehrers missverstanden und die Aufgabe falsch gemacht.
C2 noun /ˌdɪləˈtænt/

dilettante

Dilettant
Meaning
A person who takes up an art, activity, or subject merely for amusement, especially in a superficial way.
Example
He was dismissed as a dilettante in the art world because he lacked formal training.
Er wurde als Dilettant in der Kunstwelt abgetan, weil ihm formale Ausbildung fehlte.
C2 verb /ˈfɛtər/

fetter

fesseln, einschränken
Meaning
to restrain or restrict someone’s freedom
Example
The strict rules fettered the creativity of the students.
Die strengen Regeln fesselten die Kreativität der Studenten.
C2 noun /dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

dejection

Deprimiert
Meaning
a state of sadness, depression, or low spirits
Example
She sat in a state of dejection after hearing the bad news.
Sie saß in einem Zustand der Deprimiertheit, nachdem sie die schlechten Nachrichten gehört hatte.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪt/

extenuate

entschärfen
Meaning
to make an offense, fault, or situation seem less serious by providing an excuse or explanation
Example
The lawyer tried to extenuate his client's actions by highlighting his difficult childhood.
Der Anwalt versuchte, die Taten seines Klienten zu entschärfen, indem er seine schwierige Kindheit hervorhob.
C2 noun /ˈbæn.jən/

Banian

Unterhemd
Meaning
a sleeveless undergarment worn next to the skin; vest
Example
He put on a cotton banian under his shirt.
Er zog ein Baumwollbanian unter sein Hemd.
C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

kryptografisch
Meaning
Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.
Example
Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.
Banken verwenden kryptographische Technologie, um Transaktionen zu schützen.
C2 adjective /ˌtɛmɪˈrɛəriəs/

temerarious

waghalsig
Meaning
Reckless or rash; showing a lack of caution.
Example
It was a temerarious decision to cross the river during the storm.
Es war eine waghalsige Entscheidung, den Fluss während des Sturms zu überqueren.
C2 noun /mjuːˈlætoʊ/

mulatto

Person gemischter Rasse (veralteter und anstößiger Begriff)
Meaning
an outdated and now offensive term historically used to describe a person of mixed white and Black ancestry
Example
The word 'mulatto' is now considered outdated and offensive.
Das Wort 'Mulatte' wird jetzt als veraltet und anstößig angesehen.
C2 verb /ˈɔːreɪt/

orate

reden
Meaning
To speak in a formal, often pompous manner
Example
He began to orate at the ceremony.
Er begann, bei der Zeremonie zu reden.
C2 verb ˈlev.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ

levitating

schwebend
Meaning
Rising and hovering in the air, especially as a result of supernatural or magical power.
Example
The levitating structure is an engineering marvel.
Die schwebende Struktur ist ein Ingenieurwunder.