Subsidiary
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C1 adjective /səbˈsɪd.i.ər.i/

Subsidiary

附属的; 次要的; 与子公司相关
Meaning
less important than the main thing; secondary; of or relating to a subsidiary company
Example
The subsidiary company handles all overseas operations.
子公司负责所有海外业务。
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

主观的
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
美丽通常被视为一个主观的概念。
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

无私
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
无私是社区建设中的关键价值。
C1 noun /ˈsuːtər/

suitor

追求者
Meaning
a man who pursues a relationship with a woman, often with the intent to marry
Example
She had many suitors vying for her attention.
她有许多追求者争夺她的注意力。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

经验丰富的 / 加调料的
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
她是一位拥有超过20年经验的资深教师。
C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

严格
Meaning
strict, precise, and exacting
Example
The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.
政府在危机期间实施了严格的措施。
C1 adjective ˌsɪn.əˈdʒɪs.tɪk

synergistic

协同的
Meaning
Relating to the interaction of elements that when combined produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Example
A synergistic effect occurs when nutrients work together.
协同效应发生在营养素共同作用时。
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要的，突出的或显著的
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
报告突出讨论中的重点。
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

好斗 / 杂乱
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
尽管身材小，他却是一个好斗的战士。
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

感性
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
她的艺术感性使她能够欣赏画作中的细节。
C1 noun /spɛk/

speck

斑点
Meaning
A very small spot, mark, or particle.
Example
There was a tiny speck of dust on the glass table.
玻璃桌上有一小片灰尘。
C1 noun/verb /spuːf/

spoof

幽默模仿
Meaning
A humorous imitation of something, or to trick or parody someone or something.
Example
The comedian spoofed the politician’s speech to entertain the audience.
喜剧演员模仿政治家的演讲来娱乐观众。
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

污点，脏污的印记
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
她不小心把口红弄到餐巾纸上了。
C1 adjective /ˈspel.baʊnd/

Spellbound

着迷的; 迷住的
Meaning
completely fascinated and unable to move or think about anything else; enchanted
Example
The children sat spellbound as the magician performed his tricks.
孩子们看到魔术师表演时都目瞪口呆。
C1 adjective /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/

subconscious

潜意识
Meaning
Of or concerning the part of the mind which one is not fully aware of but which influences actions and feelings.
Example
Fears often come from the subconscious mind.
恐惧常常来自潜意识。
C1 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈæn.ju.əl/

semiannual

半年一次
Meaning
Occurring twice a year; every six months.
Example
The company holds a semiannual meeting with all employees.
公司每六个月举行一次会议。
C1 noun speɪst ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən

spaced repetition

间隔重复
Meaning
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to improve long-term retention.
Example
Spaced repetition helps in long-term memory retention.
间隔重复有助于长期记忆保持。
C1 noun /sɪr/

seer

预言者
Meaning
A person who is supposed to be able to see what will happen in the future; a prophet.
Example
The seer predicted a great change in the kingdom.
预言者预测了王国的重大变化。
C1 verb /siːp/

seep

渗透
Meaning
to flow or leak slowly through small openings or pores
Example
Water began to seep through the cracks in the wall.
水开始通过墙上的裂缝渗透。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrpənˌtiːn/

serpentine

蛇形的
Meaning
Having the shape, movement, or qualities of a serpent; winding or twisting.
Example
The road took a serpentine path through the mountains.
这条路穿过山脉，呈蛇形蜿蜒。
C1 noun /straɪf/

strife

冲突, 争斗
Meaning
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
Example
The region has been torn apart by political strife.
该地区已被政治冲突撕裂。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

自给自足
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
农场在食品生产中实现了完全的自给自足。
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

崇高的, 壮丽的, 庄严的
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
那座山脉的崇高美景让我屏住了呼吸。
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

污名
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
许多社会中，心理健康问题仍然存在污名化现象。
C1 noun /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/

stimulant

兴奋剂
Meaning
A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake.
咖啡是一种常见的兴奋剂，帮助人们保持清醒
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

隐居
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
她在她的小屋里度过了完全的隐居周末。
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

高度复杂性或精致的程度
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
现代人工智能技术的复杂性令人惊叹。
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

叠加
Meaning
to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen
Example
The editor superimposed text over the image.
编辑将文本叠加在图片上。
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

劣质
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
承包商在修理工作中做了劣质的工作。
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

对称
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
建筑的对称性给游客留下了深刻的印象。
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌmpʃəs/

scrumptious

美味的
Meaning
extremely tasty or delicious
Example
She baked a scrumptious chocolate cake for the party.
她为派对烤了一个美味的巧克力蛋糕。
C1 noun /ˈsɑːri/

Saree

纱丽
Meaning
a garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from South Asia
Example
She looked elegant in her red silk saree at the festival.
她在节日上穿着红色丝绸纱丽看起来非常优雅。
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

充满种子; 肮脏且不名誉; 破败的
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
他们避免在夜晚走过肮脏且不名誉的城市部分。
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

烧焦
Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
火焰烧焦了建筑物的墙壁。
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf ɪˈfeɪsɪŋ/

self-effacing

谦虚的
Meaning
not drawing attention to oneself; modest
Example
Despite his success, he remained self-effacing and humble.
尽管他取得了成功，他仍然保持谦虚和谦逊。
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

突然转向
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
汽车在结冰的路面上突然滑动。
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

筛子
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
她用筛子过滤意大利面。
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

感染的
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
医生立即处理了病人的脓毒伤口。
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

亵渎的
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
这幅画被批评为亵渎的。
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

精简
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
精简过程可以显著减少运营成本。
C1 noun /ˈʃɜːrbət/

sherbet

雪葩
Meaning
a sweet flavored drink or a frozen dessert made from sweetened fruit juice
Example
On hot days, she enjoys a glass of lemon sherbet.
在炎热的日子里，她喜欢喝一杯柠檬雪葩。
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪkəl/

satirical

讽刺的
Meaning
containing or using satire to criticize or mock
Example
The satirical cartoon mocked the government's new policy.
讽刺漫画嘲笑了政府的新政策。
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

吮吸
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
婴儿正在吮吸安抚奶嘴。
C1 noun /ˈstɛə.rɪ.əʊˌtaɪ.pɪŋ/

stereotyping

刻板印象
Meaning
A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
Stereotyping people based on their race is harmful.
基于种族的刻板印象是有害的。
C1 noun /ˈsɛmbləns/

Semblance

表象; 外观
Meaning
the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different
Example
There was only a semblance of order in the chaotic office.
在混乱的办公室里只有一种表象的秩序
C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

停滯的; 靜止的; 無發展的
Meaning
not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development
Example
The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.
池塘裡的停滯水被藻類覆蓋。
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

云雀
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
当云雀飞翔在草地上方时，它美丽地歌唱。
C1 verb /snɪp/

snip

剪切
Meaning
to cut something quickly with scissors or a sharp tool
Example
She snipped the loose thread from her dress.
她剪下了裙子上松散的线。
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

乐观的
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
尽管面临挑战，她依然对未来保持乐观。
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

色诱; 诱惑
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
他成为了快速赚钱诱惑的受害者。
C1 noun /ˈsɪndɪkət/

syndicate

辛迪加
Meaning
A group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest or carry out a business venture.
Example
A syndicate of investors bought the struggling company.
一个投资者辛迪加买下了这家困难的公司。
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

怒火中烧
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
她在不公平的决定后怒火中烧。
C1 noun /sərˈveɪər/

surveyor

测量员
Meaning
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
Example
The surveyor measured the land for construction.
测量员为建设测量了土地。
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

小品
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
学生们在活动中表演了一个有趣的小品。
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

幽灵的
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
那座古老的宅邸晚上有一种幽灵般的氛围。
C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

未婚女性
Meaning
An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry
Example
The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.
小说中有一位心地善良的未婚女性，她照顾着村里的孩子们。
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

闪耀的
Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
她那闪耀的谈话让每个人都感到娱乐。
C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

社会经济进步
Meaning
Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.
Example
Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.
社会经济进步提升了边缘化社区。
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

甜点
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
孩子们在节日期间享受了传统的甜点。
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

蚕
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
蚕虫以桑叶为食，产生丝绸。
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

镰刀
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
农民用传统的镰刀收割小麦。
C1 adjective /ˈsɛnʃuəs/

sensuous

感官的
Meaning
Relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect; pleasing to the senses.
Example
The garden was filled with sensuous colors and fragrances.
花园里充满了感官的色彩和香气。
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

光滑且闪亮
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
她开着一辆闪亮的黑色跑车。
C1 adjective /ˈspraɪtli/

sprightly

活泼
Meaning
full of energy and life; lively
Example
The sprightly old man danced with joy at the wedding.
那位活泼的老人高兴地在婚礼上跳舞。
C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

使精致
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
出国旅行帮助他完善了世界观。
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

盐度, 盐浓度
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
海洋的盐度会根据深度和位置变化。
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切断，断绝关系
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
在争执之后，他不得不与公司断绝关系。
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

隐蔽的
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
他们在一个隐蔽的海滩小屋度过了假期。
C1 adjective /seɪdʒ/

Sage

智慧的; 明智的; 经历过的人有判断力
Meaning
wise; showing wisdom from experience; prudent; having good judgment
Example
The sage advice from the elder helped solve the problem.
长者的智慧建议帮助解决了问题。
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

剑鱼
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
剑鱼的游泳速度可达每小时60英里。
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

闪烁
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
湖泊在月光下闪烁。
C1 verb /ˈstrætɪfaɪ/

stratify

分层
Meaning
to arrange or divide into layers, classes, or categories
Example
The researchers plan to stratify the data based on age groups.
研究人员计划根据年龄组对数据进行分层。
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

主权的, 最高的
Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
主权政府控制着自己的货币。
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

瘦弱
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
那个瘦弱的男孩几乎无法提起沉重的包。
C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

顾忌
Meaning
A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.
Example
He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.
他在为了进步而撒谎时没有任何顾忌。
C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

塞拉俱乐部
Meaning
An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.
Example
John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.
约翰·缪尔在1892年创立了塞拉俱乐部，以保护野生地区。
C1 verb /ˈskʌr.i/

scurry

快速跑
Meaning
To move quickly with short, hurried steps.
Example
The mice scurried across the kitchen floor when the lights turned on.
老鼠在灯光打开时快速穿过厨房的地板。
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

唾液
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
牙医让她把口腔里的唾液漱掉。
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

停滞
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
高失业率导致了经济停滞。
C1 noun ˈsɪnədʒi

synergy

协同作用, 合作
Meaning
The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
Example
The synergy between the two companies led to a successful partnership.
这两家公司之间的协同作用促成了成功的合作关系。
C1 adjective /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

scriptural

圣经的
Meaning
Relating to or contained in the scriptures or holy writings.
Example
The priest gave a scriptural reference during the sermon.
牧师在布道中引用了圣经的参考。
C1 adjective /steɪd/

staid

严肃，受尊敬的
Meaning
Serious, respectable, and unadventurous.
Example
He came from a staid family background.
他来自一个严肃的家庭。
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

破坏者
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
破坏者在放置炸弹之前被逮捕了。
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

逃避
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
他总是尽力避免工作中的责任。
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

硬币
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
交易是以硬币完成的。
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

地下
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
地下水源有助于维持农业。
C1 verb /ˈskwɒndər/

squander

浪费
Meaning
to waste money, time, or opportunities in a careless way
Example
He squandered his inheritance on gambling.
他把遗产浪费在赌博上。
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

容易受某种特定事物影响或损害的
Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
孩子们更容易感染。
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

冲突
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
两名球员在犯规后在场上发生了冲突。
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

缝合
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
医生使用了缝合线来闭合伤口。
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

减少
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
风暴过后，洪水开始退去。
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

锯末
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
地板上覆盖着来自木工工作的锯末。
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦伤
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
他在人行道上擦伤了他的鞋子。
C1 verb sɪˈkwɛstər

sequester

隔离, 隐藏
Meaning
To isolate or hide away.
Example
The carbon captured by trees can be sequestered for years.
树木捕获的碳可以被隔离多年。
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

自杀的
Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
鲁莽的驾驶是一种自杀行为。
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

诗节
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
这首诗以一节描述自然的诗句开始。
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

浪潮
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
在城市中发生了一系列盗窃事件。
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

吝啬
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
他太吝啬了，连给朋友买礼物都不愿意。
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

浅薄的知识
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
他对西班牙语有浅薄的了解。
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

产生
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
这款视频游戏已经产生了许多续集。
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

回避
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
他避开公众注意并偏爱隐私。
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

迷人且优雅
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
他是一个优雅的绅士，在派对上给大家留下了深刻的印象。
C1 verb /səˈplænt/

supplant

取代
Meaning
To take the place of something or someone, often by force or strategy.
Example
Digital platforms have supplanted traditional newspapers.
数字平台已经取代了传统报纸。
C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

细长而脆弱
Meaning
Long, thin, and weak-looking
Example
The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.
细长的树在雪的重量下弯曲。
C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

可持续技术
Meaning
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Example
Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.
可持续技术确保更清洁的未来。
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

沉没
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
由于海平面上升，沿海地区的沉没成为一个重大问题。
C1 noun /spæt/

spat

小争吵
Meaning
a short, petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a brief spat about who should do the dishes.
他们就谁应该洗碗发生了一个小争吵。
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

分泌
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
胰腺分泌胰岛素以调节血糖水平。
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

结巴
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
紧张的学生在演讲中开始结巴。
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

尺寸或数量小；不足；勉强足够
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
难民营的食物供应非常少。
C1 verb /ˈsætəˌraɪz/

satirize

讽刺
Meaning
to mock or criticize something using satire
Example
The play satirizes the greed of modern corporations.
这部剧讽刺了现代公司的贪婪。
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːrdɪd/

sordid

可耻的
Meaning
involving immoral or dishonorable actions; dirty or unpleasant
Example
The newspaper exposed the politician's sordid past.
报纸曝光了那位政治家的可耻过去。
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

诽谤
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
政治家因诽谤起诉了报纸。
C1 noun /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/

serendipity

意外的好运
Meaning
The occurrence of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Finding that old photo album was pure serendipity.
找到那本旧照片集是纯粹的意外的好运。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

杂项
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
这家店卖水果、衣服和各种商品。
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

总和, 摘要
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
律师对案件进行了有力的总结。
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

补贴
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
农业补贴帮助农民维持作物生产。
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

拥有超过负债的资产; 偿还债务的能力
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
公司在重组后偿付能力得到了改善。
C1 verb /struː/

strew

散播
Meaning
to scatter or spread things untidily over a surface or area
Example
Clothes were strewn across the floor.
衣服散落在地板上。
C1 noun /səˈnɑːtə/

sonata

音乐作品 (奏鸣曲)
Meaning
A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically in several movements.
Example
She performed a beautiful Beethoven sonata on the piano.
她在钢琴上演奏了贝多芬的美丽奏鸣曲。
C1 adjective /ˈstɛlər/

stellar

卓越
Meaning
Relating to stars; outstanding or excellent.
Example
She gave a stellar performance in the play.
她在话剧中的表现非常卓越。