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C1 adjective /ˈstɛr.aɪl/

sterile

无菌
Meaning
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.
Example
The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection.
外科医生在无菌环境下工作以避免感染。
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈθroʊ/

overthrow

幸福
Meaning
To remove a leader or government from power, often by force.
Example
The rebels planned to overthrow the corrupt regime.
她在收到奖项时无法掩饰她的幸福感。
C1 noun /ˈæftərˌθɔːt/

afterthought

Meaning
Something added or considered later than originally planned.
Example
The gift seemed like an afterthought rather than a genuine gesture.
C1 verb /ˈlɛvi/

levy

征收
Meaning
To impose or collect, especially a tax or fine.
Example
The government decided to levy a new tax on luxury goods.
政府决定对奢侈品征收新税。
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

投掷, 挂起
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
他在离开前把包扔在肩膀上。
C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

干旱
Meaning
The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.
Example
The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.
由于气候变化，土地的干旱正在加剧。
C1 noun /ˈheɪˌdeɪ/

heyday

黄金时期
Meaning
The period of greatest success, popularity, or power.
Example
In its heyday, the company dominated the market.
在黄金时期，公司主导了市场。
C1 noun /deɪˈtɒnt/

detente

缓和紧张关系
Meaning
the easing of strained relations, especially between countries
Example
The treaty helped bring about a détente between the two nations.
该条约有助于缓解两个国家之间的紧张关系。
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

冲突
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
两名球员在犯规后在场上发生了冲突。
C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

赦免
Meaning
An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.
Example
The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
政府宣布了对所有政治犯的赦免。
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同胞
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
他在国际会议上遇到一个同胞时感到自豪。
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

尤里卡!
Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
当解决方案最终浮现在他脑海中时，他喊道：'尤里卡!'
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

弥漫
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
新鲜花香弥漫整个房间。
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

推动力
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
新政策为经济增长提供了推动力。
C1 verb /rɪˈtreɪs/

retrace

Meaning
to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier
Example
She retraced her steps to find her lost keys.
C1 noun /ˈælkoʊv/

alcove

壁龛
Meaning
A small recessed section of a room or a nook.
Example
She placed a reading chair in the alcove near the window.
她在靠窗的壁龛里放了一把阅读椅。
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

慢慢燃烧
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
火灾持续了几个小时才熄灭。
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

降级
Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
经理决定将球员降级到替补席。
C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/

precocious

早熟
Meaning
Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.
Example
The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.
那个早熟的孩子五岁时就能阅读小说。
C1 noun /ˌræʃəˈnæl/

rationale

基本原因
Meaning
the underlying reason or explanation for something
Example
The rationale behind his decision was clearly explained.
他决定背后的理由被清楚地解释了。
C1 verb /ˈmɒd.jʊ.leɪt/

modulate

调节
Meaning
To change the strength, tone, or pitch of something; to adjust or regulate.
Example
A good speaker knows how to modulate their voice.
一个好的演讲者知道如何调节自己的声音。
C1 noun /ɡəˈrɪlə/

guerrilla

Meaning
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
Example
The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsteɪtɪd/

understated

低调的
Meaning
Presented in a subtle and restrained way.
Example
She wore an elegant but understated dress.
她穿了一件优雅但低调的裙子。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

侵犯
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
未經許可複製此軟件將侵犯版權法。
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

启动
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
该项目已启动以促进海洋生物多样性。
C1 noun /ˈmɑːrtər/

Martyr

烈士
Meaning
A person who is killed because of their religious or political beliefs
Example
He became a martyr for the cause of freedom and democracy.
他为了自由和民主的事业成为了烈士。
C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

救援列车
Meaning
a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas
Example
The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.
救援列车带着食物和医疗物资抵达洪水灾区。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkæp.sjʊ.leɪt/

encapsulate

概括
Meaning
To express the essential features of something succinctly; to summarize or contain within.
Example
The introduction should encapsulate the main points of the article.
引言应该概括文章的主要观点。
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsteɪt/

understate

低估
Meaning
To describe something as being less important or serious than it really is.
Example
He tends to understate his achievements.
他倾向于低估自己的成就。
C1 adjective /ˈlɪvɪd/

livid

愤怒的
Meaning
Extremely angry; furious.
Example
She was livid when she found out about the betrayal.
当她发现背叛时，她愤怒不已。
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

偏离
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
他倾向于偏离原计划。
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

黎明
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
他们在黎明时分开始了他们的旅程。
C1 adjective /ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd/

multifaceted

多面性的
Meaning
Having many different aspects or features
Example
The multifaceted approach to the problem resulted in innovative solutions.
多面性的处理方式导致了创新的解决方案。
C1 noun /ˈmenəs/

Menace

威胁
Meaning
A person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat
Example
The reckless driver was a menace to everyone on the road.
那个鲁莽的司机对路上的每个人构成了威胁。
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

前身
Meaning
Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.
Example
The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.
蒸汽机是现代火车的前身。
C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

精致
Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
这只手表的精美工艺使其成为收藏品。
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

污名
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
许多社会中，心理健康问题仍然存在污名化现象。
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌstʌdi/

understudy

替身演员
Meaning
An actor who learns another's role to act as a replacement if needed.
Example
The understudy performed when the lead actor fell ill.
当主角生病时，替身演员上场表演。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

不透水的
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
这件夹克不透水。
C1 noun, verb /ˈliːvər/ or /ˈlɛvər/

lever

杠杆，刚性杆
Meaning
a rigid bar used to move or lift heavy objects; to move something using leverage.
Example
He used a lever to lift the heavy stone.
他使用了一个杠杆来举起重石。
C1 noun /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/

folk-lore

民间传说
Meaning
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
Example
Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends.
中国的民间传说充满了神话和传说。
C1 verb /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

galvanize

Meaning
to shock or excite someone into taking action; to coat iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc
Example
The speech galvanized the crowd into action.
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

脱离
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
几个州威胁要脱离联邦。
C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

理论化
Meaning
To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.
Example
Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.
科学家们经常推测宇宙的起源。
C1 noun /ˌəʊvərɪksˌplɔɪˈteɪʃən/

overexploitation

过度开发
Meaning
The unsustainable use of natural resources at a rate that exceeds their ability to regenerate, leading to depletion and environmental degradation.
Example
Overexploitation of natural resources leads to environmental degradation.
过度开发自然资源会导致环境退化。
C1 noun ˈfɔː.saɪt

foresight

远见
Meaning
The ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future.
Example
His foresight helped the company avoid financial losses.
他的远见帮助公司避免了经济损失。
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

令人不安
Meaning
Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.
Example
The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.
新闻报道对公众来说是深感不安的。
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛnt/

dissent

Meaning
To hold or express opinions that are different from those officially accepted.
Example
Several members dissented from the majority decision.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

重要的，突出的或显著的
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
报告突出讨论中的重点。
C1 noun /taɪˈkuːn/

tycoon

富豪
Meaning
a wealthy, powerful businessperson
Example
The real estate tycoon invested in several skyscrapers.
房地产富豪投资了多座摩天大楼。
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

剧烈的
Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
她在事故后痛苦不堪。
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

寓言
Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
耶稣常常用寓言教导深刻的真理。
C1 verb/adjective /dɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

degenerate

堕落
Meaning
To decline or deteriorate in quality, character, or condition; or someone with low moral standards.
Example
The once thriving empire began to degenerate into chaos.
曾经繁荣的帝国开始衰退成混乱。
C1 noun/adjective /fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ/

foreboding

不祥的预感
Meaning
A feeling that something bad will happen; ominous.
Example
She felt a deep sense of foreboding as she entered the abandoned house.
她走进那座废弃的房子时，感到一种深深的不祥预感。
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

刚性
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
旧系统的刚性阻止了任何创新。
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

传染
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
恐惧像传染一样在群众中传播开来。
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

选美比赛
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
她在选美比赛中赢得了第一名
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪməm/

optimum

最优
Meaning
Most conducive to a favorable outcome; best.
Example
To achieve optimum results, we need to improve efficiency.
为了获得最佳结果，我们需要提高效率。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

凹形
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
镜子有一个凹形表面，放大了她的倒影。
C1 verb /ˈkælɪˌbreɪt/

calibrate

Meaning
To adjust or mark something so it can be used accurately; to standardize.
Example
The technician calibrated the machine before starting the experiment.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.səˌbɔːr.dɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

insubordination

不服从
Meaning
Defiance of authority; refusal to obey orders.
Example
The soldier was punished for insubordination during the mission.
士兵因在任务中不服从命令而受到惩罚。
C1 adverb /ˈfɜː.vənt.li/

Fervently

热情地; 激情地;
Meaning
with passionate intensity; ardently; with great emotion or enthusiasm
Example
She fervently hoped that her dreams would come true.
她热情地希望她的梦想能成真。
C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

触控笔
Meaning
a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens
Example
She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.
她使用触控笔在平板电脑上绘画。
C1 noun /ˈzɪn.i.ə/

Zinnia

泽尼亚
Meaning
A colorful garden flower with daisy-like blooms, popular for its vibrant colors and long-lasting nature
Example
The garden was filled with bright zinnias in various colors.
花园里充满了各种色彩鲜艳的泽尼亚花。
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

结巴
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
紧张的学生在演讲中开始结巴。
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

调解员
Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
联合国常常在国际争端中充当调解员。
C1 noun /ˈwɔːkɪŋ fɪʃ/

Walking-fish

步行鱼
Meaning
a fish that can move on land using its fins and breathe air for extended periods
Example
The walking-fish can travel across dry land to find new water sources.
步行鱼可以穿越干燥的土地找到新的水源。
C1 adjective /ˈmaɪndləs/

mindless

无意义的
Meaning
without thought or intelligence; done without consideration
Example
He was bored by the mindless tasks at work.
他对工作中无意义的任务感到无聊。
C1 verb /aʊtˈlɪv/

outlive

比…活得长
Meaning
to live longer than someone or something else
Example
She outlived all her siblings.
她活过了所有的兄弟姐妹。
C1 noun /ˈleθ.ər.dʒi/

Lethargy

昏睡; 疲劳和不活跃
Meaning
a lack of energy and enthusiasm; tiredness and inactivity
Example
The hot weather caused a feeling of lethargy.
炎热的天气引发了昏睡的感觉。
C1 adjective /ˈskrɪptʃərəl/

scriptural

圣经的
Meaning
Relating to or contained in the scriptures or holy writings.
Example
The priest gave a scriptural reference during the sermon.
牧师在布道中引用了圣经的参考。
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

亵渎的
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
这幅画被批评为亵渎的。
C1 adjective /ˈfræɡməntɪd/

fragmented

碎片化, 分割, 不完整
Meaning
Having been broken into fragments; disjointed or incomplete.
Example
The information was fragmented and difficult to understand.
信息被碎片化了，难以理解。
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪdiənt/

gradient

斜坡
Meaning
A gradual slope, or the degree of inclination of a surface.
Example
The cyclist struggled up the steep gradient of the hill.
骑行者在爬陡峭的斜坡时遇到了困难。
C1 noun /noʊm/

gnome

地精
Meaning
a small mythical creature, often depicted as a bearded man living underground; also a figurine used in gardens
Example
The garden was decorated with a gnome statue.
花园里摆放着一个地精雕像。
C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

剧作家
Meaning
a person who writes plays
Example
Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.
莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家。
C1 noun /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

needlework

针线活, 刺绣
Meaning
The craft of sewing, embroidery, or knitting done with a needle.
Example
Her grandmother taught her the art of needlework.
她的祖母教她针线活的艺术。
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

生病
Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
她从去年冬天开始一直生病。
C1 noun /ˈɔːnɪŋ/

awning

遮阳篷
Meaning
a sheet of canvas or material stretched on a frame to shelter a place from the sun or rain
Example
We sat under the awning to avoid the heavy rain.
我们坐在遮阳篷下，避免了大雨。
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

不可磨灭的
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
她的演讲给观众留下了不可磨灭的印象。
C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

推销
Meaning
To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.
Example
Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.
街头小贩向游客出售手工珠宝。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

起义者
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
军队在袭击后逮捕了几名起义者。
C1 noun ˌæp.əˈreɪ.təs

apparatus

设备
Meaning
The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.
Example
The apparatus was designed to be eco-friendly.
该设备设计为环保型。
C1 adjective /ˌfɪl.ænˈθrɒp.ɪk/

philanthropic

慈善的
Meaning
showing concern for the welfare of others; generous and charitable
Example
She is known for her philanthropic activities in the city.
她因在城市中的慈善活动而闻名。
C1 verb /hiːd/

heed

注意
Meaning
to pay attention to; to take notice of
Example
You should heed the teacher's advice.
你应该听从老师的建议。
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

复杂性
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
设计的复杂性给每个人留下了深刻印象。
C1 verb /ˌɪn.tɚˈtwaɪn/

intertwine

紧密连接或联系；一起扭曲或紧密结合
Meaning
To connect or link closely; to twist together or combine closely.
Example
Their lives became intertwined through years of friendship.
他们的生活通过多年的友谊紧密交织在一起。
C1 noun /ˈhɪntərlænd/

hinterland

内陆地区
Meaning
The remote or less developed areas away from the coast or a city.
Example
The farmers came from the rural hinterland to sell their produce in the city.
农民们从乡村的内陆地区来到城市销售他们的产品。
C1 adjective /dɪˈlɪriəs/

delirious

得利瑞厄斯
Meaning
in an extremely disturbed or excited state of mind, often due to illness or emotion
Example
He was delirious with fever and kept muttering nonsense.
他因发烧而神志不清，一直在嘟囔胡话。
C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

清除
Meaning
To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.
Example
The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.
新领导承诺清除政府中的腐败。
C1 noun /ˈnɑv.ɪs/

Novice

新手
Meaning
a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation; a beginner
Example
As a novice driver, she was very careful on the road.
作为一个新手司机，她在路上非常小心。
C1 adjective /ˈflaʊəri/

flowery

花哨的 / 装饰的
Meaning
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
Example
She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases.
她写了一封充满诗意的花哨信。
C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

一口
Meaning
the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase
Example
He took a big mouthful of water after the run.
他在跑步后喝了一大口水。
C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.fəl/

Lawful

合法; 合理; 有效; 公正;
Meaning
legal; legitimate; valid; just
Example
The judge confirmed that their actions were lawful and proper.
法官确认他们的行为是合法和恰当的。
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

技巧
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
体育中的技巧增强了团队的力量。
C1 noun /ˌtrænsˈpɪəreɪʃən/

transpiration

蒸腾作用
Meaning
The process by which plants lose water through their leaves, which plays a crucial role in plant cooling, nutrient transport, and the water cycle.
Example
Transpiration plays a key role in the water cycle and plant growth.
蒸腾作用在水循环和植物生长中发挥着关键作用。
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

瓷器
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
昂贵的瓷器被展示在橱柜里。
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

刺激物
Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
灰尘是过敏者常见的刺激物。
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

旋律的
Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
她那旋律般的嗓音迷住了全场观众。
C1 noun /əˈduː/

ado

喧闹 / 不必要的活动
Meaning
a fuss or unnecessary activity; trouble or difficulty
Example
Without further ado, let’s begin the ceremony.
不再多言，我们开始仪式。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

禁令
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
法院发布了一项禁令，阻止公司污染河流。
C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

庆典
Meaning
a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph
Example
There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.
胜利后街上充满了庆典气氛。
C1 adjective /dɪˈvɔɪd/

devoid

空虚
Meaning
Completely lacking or without something.
Example
His speech was devoid of any real emotion.
他的演讲完全缺乏任何真实的情感。
C1 noun /ɡæf/

gaffe

失误
Meaning
An unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment; a blunder.
Example
The politician's gaffe quickly spread on social media.
政治家的失误迅速在社交媒体上传播。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

伪证
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
她因在法庭上提供虚假证据而被判犯有伪证罪。
C1 verb /riːˈpeɪ.tri.eɪt/

repatriate

遣返
Meaning
To return someone to their own country, often after war or imprisonment.
Example
The government worked to repatriate the refugees safely.
政府努力确保安全地将难民遣返回国。
C1 verb /əˈbriːvieɪt/

abbreviate

缩写
Meaning
To shorten a word, phrase, or text by leaving out letters or parts.
Example
We often abbreviate 'Doctor' to 'Dr'.
我们常常把 'Doctor' 缩写成 'Dr.'。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

不加区分的
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
滥用杀虫剂对环境造成了伤害。
C1 adjective /ˈtækt.ləs/

tactless

失礼
Meaning
showing a lack of sensitivity in dealing with others
Example
His tactless remark embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
他的失礼评论让会议中的每个人都感到尴尬。
C1 noun /ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪtər/

legislator

立法者
Meaning
a person who makes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The legislator introduced a bill to improve healthcare.
立法者提出了一项改善医疗保健的法案。
C1 verb /dɪˈfeɪm/

defame

诽谤
Meaning
to harm someone's reputation by spreading false information
Example
He was defamed by malicious rumors.
他被恶意谣言诽谤。
C1 adjective /ɡɔːnt/

gaunt

憔悴
Meaning
extremely thin, bony, and haggard in appearance, often due to hunger or illness
Example
After weeks of illness, he looked pale and gaunt.
经过几周的生病，他看起来又苍白又憔悴。
C1 verb /ˈhaɪtən/

heighten

提高
Meaning
to make or become greater in intensity or degree
Example
The announcement served to heighten the excitement in the room.
公告有助于提高房间里的兴奋。
C1 verb /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/

humanize

人性化
Meaning
To make something more humane, kind, or relatable.
Example
The teacher tried to humanize the lesson with personal stories.
老师试图通过个人故事让课程更加人性化。
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

挑衅的
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
她穿了一件挑衅的衣服去参加派对。
C1 noun/verb /ˈoʊvərˌhæŋ/

overhang

悬垂
Meaning
To extend outward and hang over something; a projecting part.
Example
The roof overhang provides shade in the summer.
屋顶的悬垂部分在夏天提供阴凉。
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

概述
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
出版商要求作者提交小说的单页概述。
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

掠食者/剥削者
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
掠食性鸟类扑向它的猎物。
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

求助，援助
Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
学生们除了向校长上诉外别无选择。