sophisticate
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C1 verb /səˈfɪstɪkeɪt/

sophisticate

使精致
Meaning
to make something more complex or refined; to educate or develop in taste and manners
Example
Traveling abroad helped sophisticate his worldview.
出国旅行帮助他完善了世界观。
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

简化或提高效率
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
公司旨在简化生产以降低成本。
C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

宗派的
Meaning
relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict
Example
The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.
该地区几十年来一直受到宗派暴力的困扰。
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

肿胀的
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
她在徒步旅行时扭伤了脚踝，脚踝肿了。
C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

替换
Meaning
the action of replacing someone or something with another
Example
The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.
将旧系统替换为新系统是困难的。
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

夹板
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
医生为病人的断臂稳定应用了夹板。
C1 adjective /spəˈrædɪk/

sporadic

零星
Meaning
Occurring irregularly or in scattered instances rather than continuously.
Example
The region experienced sporadic rain showers throughout the week.
该地区经历了整整一周的零星降雨。
C1 adjective /ˈskɔːrnfəl/

Scornful

轻蔑的
Meaning
showing contempt or disdain; expressing scorn
Example
She gave him a scornful look when he made the rude comment.
当他做出粗鲁的评论时，她投以蔑视的目光。
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

筛 / 仔细检查
Meaning
to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely
Example
She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.
她在把面粉加到蛋糕混合物中之前筛选了面粉。
C1 adjective /ˈsɒmbər/

somber

阴沉
Meaning
Dark or dull in color or tone; gloomy or serious.
Example
The funeral had a somber atmosphere.
葬礼有一种阴沉的气氛。
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

空间的
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
科学家研究了恒星的空间排列。
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

得意的微笑
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
他在赢得争论时得意地笑了。
C1 adjective /sɔɪld/

soiled

脏的
Meaning
dirty or stained; not clean
Example
His clothes were soiled after playing in the mud.
他在泥巴里玩后，衣服弄脏了。
C1 verb /səbˈmɜːrdʒ/

submerge

淹没
Meaning
to put under water or cover with liquid
Example
The floodwaters threatened to submerge the village.
洪水威胁要淹没整个村庄。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

自给自足
Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
农场在食品生产中实现了完全的自给自足。
C1 verb /ʃʌn/

Shun

回避
Meaning
to deliberately avoid or stay away from someone or something
Example
He shuns public attention and prefers privacy.
他避开公众注意并偏爱隐私。
C1 verb /ʃʌnt/

shunt

转轨
Meaning
to move or turn aside; to push or divert from one track to another
Example
The train was shunted onto a different track.
火车被调到另一条轨道。
C1 adjective /səbˈsɜːviənt/

subservient

Meaning
prepared to obey others unquestioningly; less important than something else
Example
She was too subservient to challenge his decision.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

小屋
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
渔夫住在靠近海滩的小屋里。
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

下属
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
他在他的部门里管理十个下属。
C1 noun ˌsɛlf.rɪˈstreɪnt

self-restraint

自我克制
Meaning
The practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically an impulse or desire.
Example
Practicing self-restraint helps in avoiding impulsive decisions.
实践自我克制有助于避免冲动的决策。
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

浅薄的知识
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
他对西班牙语有浅薄的了解。
C1 verb /səbˈstænʃieɪt/

substantiate

证实
Meaning
To provide evidence to support or prove the truth of something.
Example
The lawyer worked to substantiate the claims with solid evidence.
律师努力通过确凿证据来证实这些主张。
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

合成, 结合, 以一致的方式呈现
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
他擅长将不同来源的想法进行合成。
C1 adjective /smʌɡ/

smug

自负
Meaning
having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements
Example
He wore a smug smile after winning the debate.
他在赢得辩论后，露出了自负的笑容。
C1 adjective /ˈsæk.rəˌsæŋkt/

sacrosanct

神圣不可侵犯的
Meaning
Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with; sacred.
Example
Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in democratic societies.
言论自由在民主社会中被视为神圣不可侵犯的。
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

放松
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
司机在接近村庄时放慢了速度。
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

隐居
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
她在她的小屋里度过了完全的隐居周末。
C1 adjective /ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃəl/

sacrificial

祭献的
Meaning
Relating to or involving sacrifice.
Example
The lamb was used as a sacrificial offering in the ritual.
这只羊在仪式中被用作祭献的礼物。
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

撕裂
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
她在扔掉之前把旧文件撕成了碎片。
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

非法占领者
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
警方将非法占领者从废弃的房屋中驱逐了出去。
C1 noun /ˈstætʃuːt/

statute

法律
Meaning
A written law passed by a legislative body.
Example
The new statute protects workers' rights.
新法律保护工人的权利。
C1 noun /ˈskeɪp.ɡəʊt/

Scapegoat

替罪羊
Meaning
a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others
Example
He became the scapegoat for the team's poor performance.
他成了团队表现不佳的替罪羊。
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

多刺的
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
多刺的仙人掌在沙漠中挺立。
C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

焊接
Meaning
To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint
Example
He soldered the broken wires back together.
他将断裂的电线重新焊接在一起。
C1 noun /ˈspiːʃiː/

specie

硬币
Meaning
money in the form of coins rather than notes or credit
Example
The transaction was made in specie.
交易是以硬币完成的。
C1 noun /ˈstɪm.jʊ.laɪ/

stimuli

刺激物
Meaning
Things that create reactions or provide motivation.
Example
Bright light and loud sounds are common stimuli for alertness.
明亮的光和大声的声音是常见的刺激物，可以保持警觉。
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

镰刀
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
农民用传统的镰刀收割小麦。
C1 verb/noun /skaʊl/

scowl

皱眉
Meaning
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
Example
She scowled when she heard the unfair remark.
她听到不公正的评论时，皱起了眉头。
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

污名
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
许多社会中，心理健康问题仍然存在污名化现象。
C1 verb /sɪˈsiːd/

secede

脱离
Meaning
To formally withdraw from a political or organizational union.
Example
Several states threatened to secede from the union.
几个州威胁要脱离联邦。
C1 adjective /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/

simplistic

过于简化的
Meaning
treating complex issues as if they were much simpler than they really are
Example
His explanation was too simplistic and ignored key details.
他的解释过于简化，忽略了关键的细节。
C1 noun /ˈswiːt.miːt/

Sweetmeat

甜点
Meaning
a small piece of confectionery or candy; a sweet delicacy
Example
The children enjoyed the traditional sweetmeats during the festival.
孩子们在节日期间享受了传统的甜点。
C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

共生关系
Meaning
A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
Example
The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.
两家公司之间的共生关系导致了共同的增长。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

可用
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
那辆旧自行车尽管年久失修，仍然可用。
C1 verb /ˈsaɪdˌstɛp/

sidestep

回避
Meaning
To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.
Example
The politician tried to sidestep the difficult question.
那位政治家试图回避那个棘手的问题。
C1 noun /sɪˈsɛʃən/

secession

分裂
Meaning
The action of formally withdrawing from membership of a federation or body.
Example
The secession of the southern states led to the Civil War.
南方各州的分裂导致了内战。
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

饱和
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
市场上的类似产品饱和度降低了销售额。
C1 noun /sərˈveɪər/

surveyor

测量员
Meaning
A person who measures and maps land, buildings, or other features.
Example
The surveyor measured the land for construction.
测量员为建设测量了土地。
C1 noun /ˈsɪməli/

simile

明喻
Meaning
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another using 'like' or 'as'.
Example
She used a simile to describe her eyes as bright as stars.
她用明喻来描述她的眼睛像星星一样明亮。
C1 verb/noun /ˈswæɡ.ər/

swagger

傲慢
Meaning
To walk or behave in a very confident and arrogant way.
Example
He swaggered into the room as if he owned the place.
他走进房间，好像他是这个地方的主人。
C1 adjective /ˈsɔːsi/

saucy

大胆的
Meaning
Boldly rude, cheeky, or playfully disrespectful.
Example
The child gave a saucy reply to his teacher.
那个孩子给老师一个大胆的回答。
C1 adjective /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪtəs/

serendipitous

幸运的偶然
Meaning
Occurring or discovered by chance in a happy or beneficial way.
Example
Their meeting at the café was purely serendipitous.
他们在咖啡馆的相遇完全是幸运的偶然。
C1 noun /səˈlɪn.ə.t̬i/

salinity

盐度, 盐浓度
Meaning
The salt content of soil or water, typically measured as a concentration.
Example
The salinity of the ocean varies depending on depth and location.
海洋的盐度会根据深度和位置变化。
C1 adjective ˈsɛd(ə)ntəri

sedentary

久坐的
Meaning
Characterized by much sitting and little physical activity.
Example
A sedentary lifestyle can lead to numerous health problems.
久坐的生活方式可能导致多种健康问题。
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfl/

stifle

抑制
Meaning
to prevent or restrain an action, idea, or emotion; to suffocate
Example
She tried to stifle a laugh during the serious meeting.
她试图在严肃的会议中抑制笑声。
C1 verb /ˈstriːmlaɪnɪŋ/

streamlining

精简
Meaning
The process of making an organization or system more efficient by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Example
Streamlining processes can significantly reduce operational costs.
精简过程可以显著减少运营成本。
C1 adjective /sər'pæs.ɪŋ/

Surpassing

卓越; 超过; 非凡
Meaning
exceeding; going beyond; outstanding
Example
Her surpassing beauty made everyone stop and stare.
她超凡的美丽让每个人都停下来盯着她看。
C1 noun /ˌsæl.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

salinization

盐分增加
Meaning
The process of increasing salt content in soil.
Example
Excessive irrigation can cause salinization of farmland.
过度灌溉可能导致农田盐分增加。
C1 verb /sərˈmaɪz/

surmise

推测
Meaning
to suppose something is true without having evidence
Example
She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting.
她推测他不会来参加会议。
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/

saturate

Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

刻板的
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
他的刻板笑话未能给观众留下深刻印象。
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

妨碍
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
新规章可能会阻碍小型企业的发展。
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

乐观的
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
尽管面临挑战，她依然对未来保持乐观。
C1 adjective /ˈsɒljʊbəl/

soluble

可溶的
Meaning
able to be dissolved, especially in water
Example
Sugar is soluble in water.
糖在水中可溶。
C1 adjective ˈsɪŋ.krə.nəs

synchronous

同步
Meaning
Existing or occurring at the same time.
Example
Synchronous learning involves live online classes.
同步学习包括实时在线课堂。
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

冷落
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
他感到受伤，当他的邀请被冷落。
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

感染的
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
医生立即处理了病人的脓毒伤口。
C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

泥沙
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
河流在其河岸上沉积了层层的泥沙。
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

模拟
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
飞行员在训练中必须模拟紧急着陆。
C1 verb /səˈlɪsɪt/

solicit

请求
Meaning
to ask for or try to obtain something from someone
Example
The charity is soliciting donations for flood victims.
慈善机构正在为洪水灾民募捐。
C1 noun /sɛkt/

sect

教派
Meaning
a subgroup of a larger religious or political group, often with differing beliefs
Example
The group split into different sects due to doctrinal differences.
由于教义上的差异，该小组分裂成了不同的教派。
C1 noun /sɪv/

sieve

筛子
Meaning
a utensil with a mesh or perforated bottom, used for straining or sifting
Example
She used a sieve to strain the pasta.
她用筛子过滤意大利面。
C1 noun /ˈsəʊdiəm/

sodium

钠
Meaning
a soft, silver-white chemical element that is highly reactive and found in salt.
Example
Sodium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
钠是维持体内液体平衡的必需元素。
C1 verb /ˈspɪərˌhɛd/

spearhead

领导
Meaning
to lead or initiate an action, project, or movement
Example
She spearheaded the campaign for environmental awareness.
她领导了环保意识的运动。
C1 verb /ˈʃækəl/

shackle

束缚
Meaning
to chain or restrain; to restrict someone’s actions or freedom
Example
Outdated regulations shackle small businesses and slow innovation.
过时的规定束缚了小企业并减缓了创新。
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

平流层
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
平流层提供了一个独特的环境。
C1 adjective ˌsəʊsɪəʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl

sociopolitical

社会政治
Meaning
Combining social and political factors.
Example
Sociopolitical factors often influence public policy decisions.
社会政治因素经常影响公共政策决策。
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

为琐事争吵
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
孩子们争论最后一块蛋糕。
C1 noun ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm

symbolism

象征主义
Meaning
The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example
The use of symbolism in the novel is masterful.
小说中的象征主义运用巧妙。
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

规定
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
合同规定付款必须在30天内完成。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌpl/

supple

柔韧的
Meaning
Easily bending or moving without breaking; flexible and adaptable.
Example
The gymnast’s body was remarkably supple.
体操运动员的身体异常柔韧。
C1 noun /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/

skepticism

怀疑主义, 疑虑
Meaning
A skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something.
Example
His skepticism about new technology often makes him resistant to change.
他对新技术的怀疑主义使他常常抗拒改变。
C1 adjective /snaɪd/

snide

讽刺的
Meaning
mocking or insulting in an indirect way
Example
He couldn’t resist making a snide comment about her dress.
他忍不住对她的裙子做出讽刺的评论。
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

高度复杂性或精致的程度
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
现代人工智能技术的复杂性令人惊叹。
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

幸福
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
当她收到奖项时，她无法隐藏自己的幸福。
C1 noun /sɔːd fɪʃ/

Sword fish

剑鱼
Meaning
A large marine fish with an elongated bill resembling a sword
Example
The swordfish can swim at speeds up to 60 mph.
剑鱼的游泳速度可达每小时60英里。
C1 noun/verb /sleɪt/

slate

板岩 / 安排
Meaning
a fine-grained rock used for roofing or writing; to schedule or designate for a task
Example
The meeting is slated for next Monday.
会议定于下周一举行。
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

一丝不苟
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
他因在工作中一丝不苟而闻名。
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

拥有超过负债的资产; 偿还债务的能力
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
公司在重组后偿付能力得到了改善。
C1 noun /ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/

statistician

统计学家
Meaning
A person who specializes in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data.
Example
The statistician presented the survey results with great clarity.
统计学家以极大的清晰度展示了调查结果。
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

云雀
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
当云雀飞翔在草地上方时，它美丽地歌唱。
C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

十四行诗
Meaning
A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.
莎士比亚写了许多关于爱情与美丽的著名十四行诗。
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

筛子
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
使用筛子把意大利面水倒掉。
C1 noun /ˈsɛmbləns/

Semblance

表象; 外观
Meaning
the outward appearance or apparent form of something, especially when the reality is different
Example
There was only a semblance of order in the chaotic office.
在混乱的办公室里只有一种表象的秩序
C1 verb /sluː/

slew

突然转向
Meaning
To turn or slide violently in a particular direction.
Example
The car slewed across the icy road.
汽车在结冰的路面上突然滑动。
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

锯末
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
地板上覆盖着来自木工工作的锯末。
C1 adjective /ˈsleɪ.vɪʃ/

slavish

奴隶般的
Meaning
showing no originality; completely imitative or overly submissive
Example
His slavish devotion to tradition prevented any innovation.
他对传统的奴隶般忠诚阻碍了任何创新。
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

锡塔尔
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
锡塔尔在印度古典音乐中创造美丽的拉嘎。
C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

裂缝
Meaning
a long narrow opening or cut
Example
There was a small slit in the fabric.
布料上有一个小裂缝。
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

镇静
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
护士在手术前给病人注射了镇静剂。
C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

社会经济进步
Meaning
Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.
Example
Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.
社会经济进步提升了边缘化社区。
C1 noun /ʃruː/

shrew

暴躁的女人 / 小鼠类动物
Meaning
a small mouse-like animal; also a woman with a bad temper
Example
The play describes a strong-willed woman as a shrew.
这部戏描述了一位坚强的女性，像一个暴躁的女人一样。
C1 verb /ˈstæmər/

stammer

结巴
Meaning
To speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words.
Example
The nervous student began to stammer during his speech.
紧张的学生在演讲中开始结巴。
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

滑行
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
蛇穿过草地滑行。
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

安慰
Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
在失去后，她在音乐中找到了安慰。
C1 noun/verb /ˈslʌmbər/

slumber

睡眠
Meaning
A state of sleep; to sleep lightly or rest.
Example
The child slumbered peacefully through the night.
孩子整夜安静地睡觉。
C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

传票
Meaning
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
Example
The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.
证人收到了传票，要求下周出庭。
C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

暗示的
Meaning
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
Example
The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.
这幅画非常暗示，并引发了许多争论。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

杂项
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
这家店卖水果、衣服和各种商品。
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切断，断绝关系
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
在争执之后，他不得不与公司断绝关系。
C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

幽灵
Meaning
A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.
Example
The specter of war still haunts the region.
战争的幽灵仍然在该地区徘徊。
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

蓝宝石
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
皇家王冠上镶嵌着一颗大蓝宝石。
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

产生
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
这款视频游戏已经产生了许多续集。
C1 adjective sɪˈmæn.tɪk

semantic

与语言中的意义相关
Meaning
Related to meaning in language; concerning the interpretation of words and sentences.
Example
AI models use semantic analysis to understand context.
人工智能模型使用语义分析来理解上下文。
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

欺骗
Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
骗子试图骗取老人的储蓄。
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

诽谤
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
政治家因诽谤起诉了报纸。
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

树液 / 削弱
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
长途旅行开始削弱他的能量。
C1 adjective /ˈspʌndʒi/

Spongy

海绵状
Meaning
soft and full of holes like a sponge; porous
Example
The cake had a light and spongy texture.
蛋糕有轻盈而海绵状的质地。
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.