snobbish
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C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

自命不凡
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
她看起来很自命不凡，因为她避免与服务员交谈。
C1 noun /pɜːrl drɒp/

Pearl drop

珍珠滴
Meaning
a single pearl used as jewelry, often in earrings or pendants
Example
The elegant pearl drop earrings complemented her outfit perfectly.
那对优雅的珍珠滴耳环与她的服装完美搭配。
C1 noun əˈpreɪ.zəl

appraisal

评估
Meaning
An assessment or evaluation of performance or quality.
Example
The annual appraisal determines salary increments.
年度评估决定薪资增幅。
C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

中立
Meaning
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
Example
Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.
中立有助于决策中的信任。
C1 noun /ˈflæt.ər.i/

Flattery

恭维
Meaning
excessive and insincere praise, given especially to further one's own interests
Example
His constant flattery made everyone suspicious of his true motives.
他不断的恭维使大家怀疑他的真实动机。
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

云雀
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
当云雀飞翔在草地上方时，它美丽地歌唱。
C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

父亲身份
Meaning
The state of being someone's father.
Example
He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.
他要求进行亲子鉴定，以确认他与孩子的关系。
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

侮辱 / 轻蔑的评论
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
他对她的品格做出了侮辱性的评论。
C1 adjective /ˈeɪmləs/

Aimless

漫无目的; 无目标
Meaning
without purpose or direction; lacking a goal
Example
He wandered around the city in an aimless manner.
他在城市中漫无目的地游荡。
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

插曲
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
在剧本的两个场景之间有一个简短的音乐插曲。
C1 noun /səˈnɑːtə/

sonata

音乐作品 (奏鸣曲)
Meaning
A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically in several movements.
Example
She performed a beautiful Beethoven sonata on the piano.
她在钢琴上演奏了贝多芬的美丽奏鸣曲。
C1 verb /ɪmˈploʊd/

implode

内爆
Meaning
To collapse or burst inward violently.
Example
The old building imploded during the demolition.
老建筑在拆除时发生了内爆。
C1 noun /ˈmoʊɡəl/

mogul

巨头
Meaning
A powerful or influential person, especially in business or media.
Example
He became a tech mogul by founding a billion-dollar company.
他通过创办一家价值十亿美元的公司成为了一个科技巨头。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

无法忍受
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
夏天的炎热是无法忍受的。
C1 adjective /ˈtæk.taɪl/

tactile

触觉的
Meaning
Connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch or giving a sensation when touched.
Example
The tactile experience of the fabric was soft and smooth.
面料的触觉体验柔软而光滑。
C1 noun /ˈrɛvərəns/

reverence

崇敬
Meaning
deep respect for someone or something
Example
The students showed reverence to their teacher.
学生们向他们的老师表达了崇敬。
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

撕裂
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
她在扔掉之前把旧文件撕成了碎片。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛntʃt/

entrenched

根深蒂固
Meaning
Firmly established and unlikely to change.
Example
Corruption is deeply entrenched in the system.
腐败在这个系统中根深蒂固。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

北极星
Meaning
a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation
Example
Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.
水手们用北极星导航穿越大海。
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
C1 noun /əˈsɪdɪti/

acidity

酸度
Meaning
the quality or degree of being acidic; the amount of acid present in a substance
Example
The acidity of the soil affects how well crops grow.
土壤的酸度会影响作物的生长。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

简洁而有意义
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
她给出了一个简洁的评论，完美地总结了问题。
C1 adjective /ˈwer.i/

Wary

谨慎的; 提防的
Meaning
cautious; careful to avoid danger or problems
Example
She was wary of strangers approaching her at night.
她对晚上接近她的陌生人保持警惕。
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

轻微的笑声
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
他听到那个有趣的笑话时发出轻轻的笑声。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

草药注入
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
她准备了一杯舒缓的洋甘菊茶注入。
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

开幕
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
该组织已正式开幕。
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

卓越地
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
她在舞蹈比赛中表现得卓越地。
C1 noun /rɪˈpjuːt/

repute

名誉
Meaning
the opinion generally held of someone or something; reputation
Example
He is a scholar of great repute in his field.
他在他的领域享有很高的名誉。
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

荣誉
Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
她因出色的表现获得了荣誉。
C1 noun /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/

hypothesis

Meaning
a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Example
The scientist tested her hypothesis through multiple experiments.
C1 noun /dʒɛˈsteɪʃən/

gestation

妊娠
Meaning
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth; the development of an idea or plan
Example
The gestation period of an elephant is nearly two years.
大象的怀孕期将近两年。
C1 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

antagonism

对立
Meaning
active hostility or opposition
Example
There was clear antagonism between the two political parties.
两党之间有明显的对立。
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

可原谅的
Meaning
able to be forgiven; excusable
Example
His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.
他的错误是可以原谅的，鉴于困难的情况。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

起义者
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
军队在袭击后逮捕了几名起义者。
C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

老年学
Meaning
The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.
Example
She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.
她在完成医学课程后决定专攻老年学。
C1 verb /ɪnˈlaɪvən/

enliven

使生动
Meaning
to make something more lively, interesting, or cheerful
Example
Her jokes helped enliven the dull meeting.
她的笑话帮助让枯燥的会议变得生动。
C1 adverb /ˈæmpli/

amply

丰盛地
Meaning
more than sufficiently; generously
Example
She was amply rewarded for her hard work.
她因努力工作而得到了丰厚的奖励。
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

丰富的
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
他为他们及时的帮助表示了丰富的感谢。
C1 adjective /səˈdʒɛstɪv/

suggestive

暗示的
Meaning
tending to suggest ideas or images; sometimes implies something sexual or provocative
Example
The painting was highly suggestive and sparked much debate.
这幅画非常暗示，并引发了许多争论。
C1 noun /ˈkuːdɒs/

kudos

赞扬
Meaning
Praise and honor received for an achievement.
Example
She received kudos for her excellent performance.
她因出色的表现获得了赞扬。
C1 noun /waɪld bɔːr/

Wild-Boar

野猪
Meaning
a wild pig that lives in forests and has long curved teeth
Example
The wild boar ran through the forest quickly.
野猪快速地穿过森林。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

不太可能的
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
看起来他准时到达的可能性很小。
C1 adjective /ˈtrænzvɜːrs/

transverse

横向的
Meaning
situated or lying across something
Example
The transverse road connects two highways.
横向的道路连接了两条高速公路。
C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

双关语
Meaning
A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.
Example
He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.
他在面包店关于面包发酵的玩笑中巧妙地运用了双关语。
C1 verb /ɪˈspaʊz/

espouse

支持
Meaning
To adopt or support a cause, belief, or way of life.
Example
She espoused the philosophy of nonviolence throughout her career.
她在整个职业生涯中支持了非暴力的哲学。
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

说服力
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
她的说服力使团队接受了她的建议。
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/

monochrome

单色
Meaning
A photograph, painting, or screen image in black and white or varying tones of one color.
Example
The old film was shot entirely in monochrome.
那部老电影完全是用单色拍摄的。
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

原始的, 基本的
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
恐惧是人类体验的最原始的情感之一。
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

派系
Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
党内的不同派系对新政策存在分歧。
C1 verb /ˈdʒɜːrmɪneɪt/

germinate

幸福
Meaning
To begin to grow or develop, especially referring to a seed.
Example
The seeds germinate quickly in moist soil.
她无法掩饰自己收到奖项时的幸福。
C1 verb /əˈtjuːn/

attune

使适应
Meaning
to make someone or something aware of or responsive to something; to adjust or harmonize
Example
She quickly attuned herself to the needs of her new team.
她很快适应了新团队的需求。
C1 noun /ˈpɛntəɡən/

pentagon

Meaning
A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; also refers to the US Department of Defense building.
Example
The Pentagon is one of the most iconic government buildings in the United States.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

极化的
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
辩论使社区在气候变化问题上分裂。
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

单调的; 无聊的; 重复的
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
雨的单调声音让每个人都感到困倦。
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

多产的
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
作者是多产的，写了超过30本书。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvæljʊəbl/

invaluable

无价
Meaning
Extremely useful or indispensable.
Example
Her advice proved invaluable to my success.
她的建议对我的成功起到了无可估量的作用。
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

海豚
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
海豚优雅地跃出水面。
C1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.zər/

geyser

间歇泉
Meaning
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
Example
The geyser erupted, shooting water high into the sky.
这个喷泉喷发，水柱冲向天空。
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
C1 noun /æmˈniːʒə/

amnesia

健忘症
Meaning
A partial or total loss of memory, usually caused by injury, illness, or psychological trauma.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from amnesia and could not remember her own name.
事故发生后，她患上了健忘症，无法记起自己的名字。
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

镇静
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
护士在手术前给病人注射了镇静剂。
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɪ.prə.kəl/

Reciprocal

互惠的; 相互的; 两方共同分享;
Meaning
given or done in return; mutual; shared equally by both parties;
Example
The two countries have a reciprocal trade agreement.
这两个国家有一个互惠的贸易协议。
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk

endemic

地方性
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
孟加拉虎是印度次大陆的地方性物种。
C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

懒惰; 不愿意工作或付出努力
Meaning
laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort
Example
His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.
他的懒惰阻止了他实现目标。
C1 noun /ˈrɒndɪvuː/

rendezvous

约会
Meaning
a meeting or appointment at an agreed time and place
Example
They arranged a secret rendezvous at the café.
他们在咖啡馆安排了一次秘密的会面。
C1 verb trænˈsɛnd

transcend

超越
Meaning
To go beyond the limits of something; to surpass or exceed
Example
His effort to transcend traditional methods was commendable.
他超越传统方法的努力值得赞扬。
C1 noun /ˈtrɪnɪti/

trinity

三位一体
Meaning
a group of three closely related things; in Christianity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Example
The museum’s exhibit focused on a trinity of themes: memory, identity, and power.
博物馆的展览专注于三种主题的三位一体：记忆、身份和力量。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

无法接近
Meaning
unable to be reached, entered, or understood
Example
The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
这个偏远的村庄在雨季几乎是无法接近的。
C1 noun /ˈwed.lɒk/

Wed lock

婚姻
Meaning
the state of being married; matrimony
Example
They have been happily united in wedlock for twenty years.
他们已经幸福地结婚二十年了。
C1 noun /ˌdʒɛr.iˈætrɪks/

geriatrics

老年病学
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people
Example
He specialized in geriatrics to care for the elderly.
他专门研究老年病学，以照顾老年人。
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

维持生命的食物或支持
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
水是人类生存的必要条件。
C1 adverb /əˈraɪ/

awry

出错
Meaning
away from the expected or proper direction; wrong or amiss
Example
The plan went awry when the weather suddenly changed.
计划在天气突然变化时出了问题。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

赔偿
Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
保险公司为洪水造成的损失提供了完全的赔偿。
C1 noun /ˈkɪŋ.fɪʃ.ər/

King-Fisher

翠鸟
Meaning
a small bird with bright blue and orange feathers that catches fish by diving into water
Example
The colorful kingfisher dove into the pond to catch a fish.
五彩斑斓的翠鸟潜入池塘抓鱼。
C1 noun /ˈɔːrdɪnəns/

ordinance

法令
Meaning
An authoritative rule, law, or decree issued by a city, town, or authority.
Example
The city council passed an ordinance banning smoking in public parks.
市议会通过了一项法令，禁止在公共公园内吸烟。
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagaration

拼写错误（来自 'conflagration'）
Meaning
This is a common misspelling of 'conflagration', which means a large, destructive fire.
Example
The term 'conflagaration' is often incorrectly used instead of 'conflagration'.
'conflagaration' 这个词常常被错误地用来代替 'conflagration'。
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/

despotism

专制主义
Meaning
absolute power exercised in a cruel and oppressive way
Example
The people revolted against the era of despotism.
人民反抗了专制主义的时代。
C1 noun /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən wɔːr/

liberation war

解放战争
Meaning
a war fought to gain freedom from foreign rule, occupation, or oppression; an armed struggle for national independence
Example
The liberation war reshaped the nation’s history and identity.
解放战争改变了国家的历史和认同。
C1 noun /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ˈbreɪk.θruː/

revolutionary breakthrough

革命性的突破
Meaning
A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development that changes everything.
Example
Robotic surgery is a revolutionary breakthrough in healthcare.
机器人手术是医疗领域的革命性突破。
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrfjuː/

curfew

宵禁
Meaning
a rule requiring people to stay indoors after a certain time, usually at night
Example
The city imposed a curfew during the unrest.
城市在骚乱期间实施了宵禁。
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪkəl/

optical

光学的
Meaning
related to or used in seeing or sight
Example
The optical illusion fooled everyone at the exhibition.
光学幻觉在展览会上迷惑了所有人。
C1 noun ˌdep.əˈzɪʃ.ən

deposition

沉积，沉积物的沉降过程
Meaning
The action of depositing something; the laying down of matter by a natural process.
Example
River deposition leads to the formation of new landmasses.
河流沉积导致新陆地的形成。
C1 phrase ˌhjuː.məˈnɪt.ər.i.kəˈtæs.trə.fi

humanitarian catastrophe

人道主义灾难
Meaning
A widespread disaster affecting human life, health, and well-being on a large scale.
Example
The war created a humanitarian catastrophe.
战争造成了人道主义灾难。
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

怒火中烧
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
她在不公平的决定后怒火中烧。
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

土著
Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
博物馆里有大量的土著艺术收藏。
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

裙子内衬
Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
她穿着一条白色的衬裙在她的裙子下面。
C1 adjective /ˈboʊɡəs/

bogus

伪造的
Meaning
false, fake, or not genuine
Example
The police arrested him for using a bogus ID card.
警方因他使用伪造的身份证而逮捕了他。
C1 adjective /ˌnjʊə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

neurological

神经学的
Meaning
Relating to the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system.
Example
Meditation has positive neurological effects on mental health.
冥想对心理健康有积极的神经学影响。
C1 verb /aʊst/

oust

驱逐
Meaning
To remove someone from a position or place of power or authority.
Example
The rebels ousted the dictator from power.
叛乱者将独裁者赶下台。
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

日落
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
我们计划在日落之前到达村庄。
C1 noun /bəˈnæn.zə/

Bonanza

一种突然增加财富、好运或利润的情况或事件
Meaning
a situation or event that creates a sudden increase in wealth, good fortune, or profits
Example
The oil discovery was a bonanza for the small country.
石油的发现对这个小国来说是一个博南萨。
C1 adjective /rɪˈpen.tənt/

Repentant

悔过的; 懊悔的; 后悔的
Meaning
feeling or expressing sincere regret and remorse; sorry for one's actions
Example
The repentant thief returned the stolen money.
悔过的窃贼归还了被盗的钱。
C1 noun, verb /raʊt/

rout

失败
Meaning
A decisive defeat; to defeat completely.
Example
The army routed the enemy forces in the battle.
军队在战斗中彻底击败了敌军。
C1 verb /bɪˈwɪldər/

bewilder

使困惑
Meaning
to cause someone to be confused or puzzled
Example
The complex instructions bewildered the students.
复杂的指令使学生感到困惑。
C1 noun /ˈtɪt.bɪt/

Titbit

一小块美味的食物; 一小段有趣的信息
Meaning
a small piece of tasty food; a small interesting piece of information
Example
She served delicious titbits at the party.
她在派对上提供了美味的小吃。
C1 adjective /rɪˈpliːt/

replete

充满
Meaning
Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly full.
Example
The book is replete with fascinating historical details.
这本书充满了迷人的历史细节。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

禁令
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
法院发布了一项禁令，阻止公司污染河流。
C1 noun /ˈtrævɪsti/

travesty

Meaning
A false, absurd, or distorted representation of something.
Example
The trial was a travesty of justice.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪd/

exhilarated

兴奋的
Meaning
feeling very happy, animated, or elated
Example
She felt exhilarated after finishing the marathon.
她在完成马拉松后感到非常兴奋。
C1 verb /hɔːrd/

hoard

囤积
Meaning
to accumulate and hide away a large supply of something, often secretly
Example
During the crisis, many people began to hoard food and water.
在危机期间，许多人开始囤积食物和水。
C1 adjective /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/

Bonafide

真正的; 真实的; 合法的
Meaning
genuine; authentic; legitimate
Example
She is a bonafide expert in her field.
她是她领域中的真正专家。
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl/

atypical

非典型
Meaning
not representative of a type, group, or class; unusual or abnormal
Example
The doctor said it was an atypical case of the disease.
医生说这是一个非典型的病例。
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

hydroelectric

水力发电
Meaning
Relating to or denoting the generation of electricity using flowing water.
Example
The country invested heavily in hydroelectric power plants.
该国在水力发电厂上进行了大量投资。
C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

装饰边缘 / 边界
Meaning
A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.
Example
The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.
节日有一条小型独立表演的边缘。
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

屋梁
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
老谷仓的屋梁暴露在外。
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

吝啬
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
他太吝啬了，连给朋友买礼物都不愿意。
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

窒息 / 扑灭
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
她用毯子把火扑灭了。
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

先天的
Meaning
existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition
Example
The child was born with a congenital heart defect.
这个孩子出生时就有先天性心脏缺陷。
C1 verb /rɪˈbʌf/

rebuff

拒绝
Meaning
to reject or refuse in a sharp or abrupt way
Example
She rebuffed his invitation to dinner.
她拒绝了他的晚餐邀请。
C1 noun /mɔːˈtæləti/

mortality

死亡率
Meaning
the state of being subject to death; the death rate of a population
Example
Advancements in medicine have reduced child mortality significantly.
医学的进步显著降低了婴儿死亡率。
C1 verb /dɪsˈoʊn/

disown

放弃关系
Meaning
to refuse to acknowledge or accept responsibility for someone or something
Example
He decided to disown his reckless brother.
他决定与他的鲁莽兄弟断绝关系。
C1 noun ˈhaɪ.drə.dʒən ˈpaʊ.əd bʌsɪz

hydrogen-powered buses

氢能公交车
Meaning
Buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells that produce only water vapor as emission.
Example
Hydrogen-powered buses reduce air pollution.
氢能公交车减少空气污染。
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

洞穴
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
探险者进入了山下的一个黑暗洞穴。
C1 adjective /pərˈpetʃuəl/

perpetual

永久
Meaning
never-ending or continuous
Example
She lived in perpetual fear of being discovered.
她生活在永久的被发现的恐惧中。
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

入侵
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
军队在边境击退了敌人的入侵。
C1 verb /məˈnuː.vər/

manoeuver

Meaning
To move skillfully or carefully; to guide or manipulate into a desired position.
Example
The driver skillfully manoeuvered the car through the narrow street.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

不公平
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
社会不公平仍然是一个全球性问题。
C1 noun /ˈfænsiər/

fancier

爱好者
Meaning
a person who has a special interest in a particular thing or activity, especially animals or hobbies
Example
He is a fancier of rare birds.
他是稀有鸟类的爱好者。
C1 noun ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

capitalization

资本化
Meaning
The total market value of a company's shares or the provision of capital for a company or activity.
Example
The company's capitalization reached $1 billion in market value.
该公司的资本化达到了10亿美元的市场价值。
C1 noun /bəˈrɒmɪtər/

barometer

气压计
Meaning
an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure
Example
The barometer indicated a storm was approaching.
气压计显示暴风雨即将来临。