Sickle
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C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

镰刀
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
农民用传统的镰刀收割小麦。
C1 noun /ˈslændər/

Slander

诽谤
Meaning
the action of making false spoken statements damaging to someone's reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for slander.
政治家因诽谤起诉了报纸。
C1 noun /sloʊθ/

Sloth

懒惰; 不愿意工作或付出努力
Meaning
laziness; reluctance to work or make an effort
Example
His sloth prevented him from achieving his goals.
他的懒惰阻止了他实现目标。
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

鳞片状的
Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
那条鱼有鳞片的皮肤。
C1 adjective /səˈnɔːrəs/

sonorous

深沉的声音
Meaning
Deep, full, and rich in sound.
Example
The actor's sonorous voice filled the entire theater.
演员那深沉的声音充满了整个剧院。
C1 noun, verb /strænd/

strand

线 / 搁浅
Meaning
Noun: A single thin length of thread, wire, or similar. Verb: To leave someone or something without a way of moving or leaving.
Example
The storm stranded many tourists on the island.
暴风雨让许多游客滞留在岛上。
C1 verb /ˈsɪn.θə.saɪz/

synthesize

合成
Meaning
To combine a number of things into a coherent whole.
Example
Scientists synthesize new compounds for medical research.
科学家为医学研究合成新的化合物。
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

挽救
Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
他们成功地从火灾中挽救了一些货物。
C1 verb /ˈsmʌðər/

smother

窒息 / 扑灭
Meaning
to kill someone by covering their nose and mouth to prevent breathing; to cover something completely; to overwhelm with excessive attention or affection
Example
She smothered the fire with a blanket.
她用毯子把火扑灭了。
C1 adverb /ˈsɜːrtʃɪŋli/

searchingly

寻找地
Meaning
In a way that seems to look for hidden meanings or truth.
Example
She looked at him searchingly, hoping for an honest answer.
她带着寻求的目光看着他，希望得到诚实的回答。
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

缝合
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
医生使用了缝合线来闭合伤口。
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

筛子
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
使用筛子把意大利面水倒掉。
C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

滑行
Meaning
to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake
Example
The snake slithered through the grass.
蛇穿过草地滑行。
C1 verb, noun /spraʊt/

sprout

发芽
Meaning
to begin to grow; to produce new leaves or shoots
Example
The seeds began to sprout after a few days of rain.
种子在几天的雨后开始发芽。
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

僵局
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
谈判陷入了僵局。
C1 verb /skʌf/

scuff

擦伤
Meaning
to mark or scratch the surface of something by rubbing
Example
He scuffed his shoes on the pavement.
他在人行道上擦伤了他的鞋子。
C1 /ʃrɛd/

shred

撕裂
Meaning
to tear or cut something into small pieces
Example
She shredded the old documents before throwing them away.
她在扔掉之前把旧文件撕成了碎片。
C1 noun /ˈsɛvərəns/

severance

离职补偿
Meaning
the act of ending something, especially a relationship or employment; compensation paid upon termination
Example
The company offered him severance pay after his job ended.
公司在他工作结束后提供了离职补偿。
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

污名
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
许多社会中，心理健康问题仍然存在污名化现象。
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

坚定, 忠诚
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
她一直是社区的坚定支持者。
C1 verb /ˈswɛltər/

swelter

因高温而痛苦
Meaning
to suffer from intense heat
Example
We began to swelter in the midday sun.
我们开始在中午的阳光下忍受酷热。
C1 verb /sɪˈdjuːs/

seduce

Meaning
to attract someone into doing something, especially something they might not normally do
Example
The advertisement was designed to seduce customers into buying luxury products.
C1 noun /sɪˈdʌk.ʃən/

Seduction

色诱; 诱惑
Meaning
the action of seducing someone; temptation to do something wrong
Example
He fell victim to the seduction of easy money.
他成为了快速赚钱诱惑的受害者。
C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

比声音的速度更快; 与超过声音速度的速度相关
Meaning
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
Example
The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.
超音速飞机打破了音障。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

自我肯定
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
每日自我肯定可以增强你的自信。
C1 noun /ˈsaɪnəs/

sinus

鼻窦
Meaning
A cavity within a bone or tissue, especially those in the bones of the face connected with the nasal cavities.
Example
He suffered from a sinus infection that caused headaches.
他因鼻窦感染而痛苦，导致头痛。
C1 noun ˈsʌs.tɪ.nəns

Sustenance

维持生命的食物或支持
Meaning
Food or support necessary for sustaining life
Example
Water is essential for human sustenance.
水是人类生存的必要条件。
C1 adjective /səˈtɪrɪk/

satiric

讽刺的
Meaning
Relating to or using satire.
Example
The novel takes a satiric view of urban life.
这部小说从讽刺的角度看待城市生活。
C1 noun ˌsæn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

sanitization

消毒
Meaning
The process of cleaning and disinfecting to eliminate germs and bacteria.
Example
Regular sanitization keeps appliances germ-free.
定期消毒保持设备无菌。
C1 noun /ˌsɪmbɪˈəʊsɪs/

symbiosis

共生关系
Meaning
A mutually beneficial relationship between different people or groups.
Example
The symbiosis between the two companies led to mutual growth.
两家公司之间的共生关系导致了共同的增长。
C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

尖叫
Meaning
to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone
Example
The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.
孩子们看到惊喜时高兴地尖叫。
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切断，断绝关系
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
在争执之后，他不得不与公司断绝关系。
C1 verb /sərˈpæs/

surpass

超越
Meaning
to exceed or go beyond
Example
Her performance surpassed all expectations.
她的表现超出了所有预期。
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

津贴
Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
研究生每月获得生活费用津贴。
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/

secluded

隐蔽的
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
他们在一个隐蔽的海滩小屋度过了假期。
C1 noun səˈfɪʃənsi

sufficiency

充足性
Meaning
The condition of being adequate or enough; adequacy.
Example
The sufficiency of food supply is critical for survival.
食品供应的充足性对于生存至关重要。
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

镰刀
Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
农民在收割小麦之前磨利了他的镰刀。
C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

假设
Meaning
An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.
Example
His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.
他的计划是基于市场将迅速恢复的假设。
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/

subjection

征服
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
人民在一个残暴统治者的征服下受苦。
C1 verb /ˈstɪntɪŋ/

stinting

吝啬地给
Meaning
to supply sparingly or with restrictions
Example
He never stinting his efforts to help the poor.
他从不吝啬自己的努力来帮助穷人。
C1 verb /sɪˈkluːd/

seclude

隔离
Meaning
To keep someone away from other people; to isolate.
Example
The monk chose to seclude himself in the mountains.
僧侣选择在山中独自生活。
C1 noun /ˈskævɪndʒər/

scavenger

食尸者 / 垃圾收集者
Meaning
an animal or person that feeds on dead or discarded material
Example
Vultures are natural scavengers that clean up the environment.
秃鹫是自然的清道夫，清理环境。
C1 noun /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/

stimulant

兴奋剂
Meaning
A substance that raises levels of physiological or nervous activity in the body.
Example
Coffee is a common stimulant that helps people stay awake.
咖啡是一种常见的兴奋剂，帮助人们保持清醒
C1 noun /straɪf/

strife

冲突, 争斗
Meaning
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
Example
The region has been torn apart by political strife.
该地区已被政治冲突撕裂。
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

冲突
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
两名球员在犯规后在场上发生了冲突。
C1 noun /səˈprɑːnoʊ/

soprano

女性或男孩的最高唱功
Meaning
the highest female or boy’s singing voice
Example
She sang beautifully in the soprano range during the concert.
她在音乐会期间以女高音的音域唱得非常美。
C1 noun /ˈspɪnstər/

spinster

未婚女性
Meaning
An unmarried woman, often one who is older and considered unlikely to marry
Example
The novel featured a kind-hearted spinster who cared for the village children.
小说中有一位心地善良的未婚女性，她照顾着村里的孩子们。
C1 adjective /ˈspɛərɪŋ/

sparing

节俭 / 节制
Meaning
Using or giving only a little of something; economical.
Example
She is sparing in her use of words.
她在使用词语时很节省。
C1 noun, verb /spreɪn/

sprain

扭伤
Meaning
an injury to a joint in which the ligaments are stretched or torn
Example
She sprained her ankle while running in the park.
她在公园跑步时扭伤了脚踝。
C1 noun /ˈsəʊdiəm/

sodium

钠
Meaning
a soft, silver-white chemical element that is highly reactive and found in salt.
Example
Sodium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
钠是维持体内液体平衡的必需元素。
C1 adjective /ˈspɑːrtn/

spartan

斯巴达式
Meaning
showing simplicity and lack of luxury; austere
Example
He lived in a spartan room with just a bed and a chair.
他住在一个斯巴达式的房间里，只有一张床和一把椅子。
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

充满种子; 肮脏且不名誉; 破败的
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
他们避免在夜晚走过肮脏且不名誉的城市部分。
C1 noun, verb /slɜːr/

slur

侮辱 / 轻蔑的评论
Meaning
An insulting remark or suggestion; or to speak indistinctly.
Example
He made a slur against her character.
他对她的品格做出了侮辱性的评论。
C1 adjective /sɑːrˈdɒnɪk/

sardonic

幸福
Meaning
Grimly mocking or cynical.
Example
She gave him a sardonic smile after hearing his excuse.
她在收到奖项时，无法隐藏自己的幸福。
C1 noun /ˈsɛdətɪv/

sedative

镇静剂
Meaning
A substance that calms the nerves or induces sleep.
Example
The doctor prescribed a sedative to help the patient sleep.
医生开了镇静剂来帮助病人入睡。
C1 noun /ˈsɜːr.vɪ.tuːd/

Servitude

奴役
Meaning
the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful
Example
Many people fought to escape the servitude imposed by the colonial system.
许多人为了摆脱殖民制度所强加的奴役而斗争。
C1 verb /sɪndʒ/

singe

轻微燃烧
Meaning
To burn something superficially or lightly, especially at the edges.
Example
The fire singed his eyebrows.
火焰烧焦了他的眉毛。
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

嘲笑
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
他嘲笑搬到国外的想法。
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

亵渎的
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
这幅画被批评为亵渎的。
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

自我中心
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
他太过自我中心，没注意到朋友的困扰。
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

涂抹 / 诽谤
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
孩子把油漆涂在墙上。
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

擦洗 / 彻底搜索
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
她打扫厨房直到它闪闪发光。
C1 noun/verb /spuːf/

spoof

幽默模仿
Meaning
A humorous imitation of something, or to trick or parody someone or something.
Example
The comedian spoofed the politician’s speech to entertain the audience.
喜剧演员模仿政治家的演讲来娱乐观众。
C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

巩固
Meaning
To make something firm, strong, or more certain.
Example
The company solidified its position in the market.
公司巩固了其在市场中的地位。
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

镇静
Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
护士在手术前给病人注射了镇静剂。
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

唾液
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
牙医让她把口腔里的唾液漱掉。
C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

生计
Meaning
The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
Example
Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.
许多农民依靠自给农业谋生。
C1 noun /səˈnɑːtə/

sonata

音乐作品 (奏鸣曲)
Meaning
A musical composition for one or more instruments, typically in several movements.
Example
She performed a beautiful Beethoven sonata on the piano.
她在钢琴上演奏了贝多芬的美丽奏鸣曲。
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

总和, 摘要
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
律师对案件进行了有力的总结。
C1 adjective /ˈskrɔːni/

scrawny

瘦弱
Meaning
very thin and bony, often looking unhealthy
Example
The scrawny boy could barely lift the heavy bag.
那个瘦弱的男孩几乎无法提起沉重的包。
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.vər.i/

savory

美味的（咸的或辣的）
Meaning
Having a pleasant salty or spicy taste; morally acceptable.
Example
The restaurant serves a variety of savory dishes.
这家餐厅提供各种美味的菜肴。
C1 verb /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/

simulate

模拟
Meaning
to imitate the appearance, character, or behavior of something; to pretend or reproduce conditions artificially
Example
The pilot had to simulate an emergency landing during training.
飞行员在训练中必须模拟紧急着陆。
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

规定
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
合同规定付款必须在30天内完成。
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

矮胖
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
那只矮胖的小狗兴奋地摇着尾巴。
C1 noun /səˈprɛʃən/

suppression

压制
Meaning
the act of forcibly stopping something or holding back feelings or actions
Example
The suppression of free speech led to protests.
言论自由的压制导致了抗议。
C1 verb /sərˈmaɪz/

surmise

推测
Meaning
to suppose something is true without having evidence
Example
She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting.
她推测他不会来参加会议。
C1 adjective /ˈsæv.i/

savvy

聪明, 精明
Meaning
Having practical knowledge and the ability to make good judgments.
Example
She is a tech-savvy entrepreneur.
她是一位技术精通的企业家。
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

行业特定
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
行业特定的政策吸引了定向投资。
C1 verb ˈsɪn.θə.saɪ.zɪŋ

synthesizing

合成, 结合, 以一致的方式呈现
Meaning
Combine (a number of things) into a coherent whole.
Example
He excels in synthesizing ideas from different sources.
他擅长将不同来源的想法进行合成。
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
C1 noun /sɪlk klɔːθ/

Silk cloth

丝绸布料
Meaning
fabric made from natural fibers produced by silkworms
Example
The bride wore a beautiful dress made of silk cloth.
新娘穿着一件美丽的丝绸布料做的裙子。
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

一丝不苟
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
他因在工作中一丝不苟而闻名。
C1 noun /sɪˈtɑːr/

Sitar

锡塔尔
Meaning
a traditional Indian stringed musical instrument with a long neck and resonating body
Example
The sitar creates beautiful ragas in Indian classical music.
锡塔尔在印度古典音乐中创造美丽的拉嘎。
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnjuəs/

sinuous

蜿蜒
Meaning
Having many curves, bends, or turns; winding.
Example
The hikers followed a sinuous path through the forest.
徒步旅行者沿着蜿蜒的路径穿过森林。
C1 noun /skɪt/

skit

小品
Meaning
a short, humorous performance or piece of writing
Example
The students performed a funny skit at the event.
学生们在活动中表演了一个有趣的小品。
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

隐居
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
她在她的小屋里度过了完全的隐居周末。
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

至点
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
人们通过节日和仪式庆祝夏至。
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

冷落
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
他感到受伤，当他的邀请被冷落。
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

怀疑者
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
这位科学家对没有确凿证据的理论持怀疑态度。
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/

scalpel

手术刀
Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
外科医生小心地使用手术刀进行第一次切割。
C1 noun /ˈsɪlk.wɜːrm/

Silk-worm

蚕
Meaning
the caterpillar of a moth that produces silk fibers used to make silk fabric
Example
Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves to produce silk.
蚕虫以桑叶为食，产生丝绸。
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

尖锐的批评
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
评论家写了一篇尖锐的电影评论。
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

战略洞察力
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
战略洞察力引导政策制定。
C1 verb /spɔːn/

spawn

产生
Meaning
to produce or generate, often in large numbers
Example
The video game has spawned many sequels.
这款视频游戏已经产生了许多续集。
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

奴颜婢膝
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
他的奴颜婢膝的态度让同事们感到烦恼。
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

昏迷
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
他在听到令人震惊的消息后陷入昏迷。
C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

替换
Meaning
the action of replacing someone or something with another
Example
The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.
将旧系统替换为新系统是困难的。
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

许可/制裁
Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
政府对该国实施了经济制裁。
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

锯木工
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
熟练的锯木工将原木锯成木板。
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

突然转向
Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
汽车为了避免撞到狗而突然转向。
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

季节性的
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
季节性的雨水帮助农民收获他们的作物。
C1 noun /ˈskaɪ.lɑːrk/

Sky-Lark

云雀
Meaning
a small brown bird known for singing while flying high in the sky
Example
The skylark sang beautifully as it soared above the meadow.
当云雀飞翔在草地上方时，它美丽地歌唱。
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

分泌
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
胰腺分泌胰岛素以调节血糖水平。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

经验丰富的 / 加调料的
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
她是一位拥有超过20年经验的资深教师。
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

地震的
Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
该地区以其地震活动而闻名。
C1 noun ˌsʌb.sɪ.dɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

subsidization

补贴
Meaning
Financial assistance provided by government to make certain goods or services more affordable.
Example
Subsidization of agriculture helps farmers maintain crop production.
农业补贴帮助农民维持作物生产。
C1 adjective /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

subterranean

地下
Meaning
Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.
Example
Subterranean water sources help sustain agriculture.
地下水源有助于维持农业。
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

盲目; 无视力
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
盲人带着他的导盲犬穿过街道。
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːr.flu.əs/

superfluous

多余的
Meaning
Unnecessary, especially through being more than enough.
Example
His speech contained too many superfluous details.
他的演讲包含了太多多余的细节。
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

下属
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
他在他的部门里管理十个下属。
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

低级的, 肮脏的, 或质量差的
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
他避免了市中心的低级夜店。
C1 verb /ˈsɔːntər/

saunter

Meaning
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner without hurry or effort
Example
We sauntered along the riverside, stopping now and then to watch the boats.
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

投掷, 挂起
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
他在离开前把包扔在肩膀上。
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

高度复杂性或精致的程度
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
现代人工智能技术的复杂性令人惊叹。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌmp.tʃu.əs/

sumptuous

奢华的
Meaning
Splendid and expensive-looking; luxurious.
Example
The guests were treated to a sumptuous banquet.
客人们被招待了一场奢华的宴会。
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

中暑
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
工人在外面工作了一整天后中暑了。
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

共生的
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
蜜蜂和花朵之间的关系是共生的。
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

光滑且闪亮
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
她开着一辆闪亮的黑色跑车。
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

盐水入侵
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
盐水入侵影响沿海地区。
C1 noun, verb /səˈpiːnə/

subpoena

传票
Meaning
a legal document ordering someone to attend court; to summon someone with such a document
Example
The witness received a subpoena to appear in court next week.
证人收到了传票，要求下周出庭。