C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

枯萎

Meaning

To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.

Example

The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.

花朵在烈日下枯萎。

C1 noun /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/

Hypocrisy

伪善

Meaning

the practice of claiming to have moral standards that one does not actually possess; insincerity

Example

His hypocrisy was exposed when he criticized others for the same mistakes he had made.

当他因为自己犯过的同样错误而指责别人时，他的伪善暴露无遗。

C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

批准

Meaning

the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement

Example

The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.

该条约要求两国议会的批准。

C1 noun ˌɒb.səˈlɛs.əns

obsolescence

淘汰

Meaning

The process of becoming obsolete or outdated and no longer used.

Example

The rapid advancement of technology leads to the obsolescence of old devices.

科技的快速发展导致旧设备的淘汰。

C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

稀少的

Meaning

barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount

Example

There was scant evidence to support his claim.

支持他主张的证据非常少。

C1 verb /skrɔːl/

scrawl

匆忙地写

Meaning

to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read

Example

He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.

他在页面底部匆忙签上了自己的名字。

C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

无效

Meaning

Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.

Example

The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.

经理无效的领导导致团队失去了动力。

C1 noun /pəˈvɪliən/

pavilion

展馆

Meaning

A large tent or temporary building, often used for events or exhibitions.

Example

The wedding reception was held in a decorated pavilion.

婚礼接待在一个装饰精美的展馆中举行。

C1 noun ˈfæl.ə.si

fallacy

谬误, 错误的信念, 错误推理

Meaning

False belief, misconception, false reasoning.

Example

The idea that success comes easy is a fallacy.

成功容易到来的这个想法是一个谬误。

C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

支离破碎

Meaning

Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.

Example

The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.

这部电影感觉支离破碎，很难跟上。

C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

理论化

Meaning

To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.

Example

Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.

科学家们经常推测宇宙的起源。

C1 noun ˌsɛn.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

centralization

集中化

Meaning

The concentration of control and decision-making power in a central authority.

Example

Excessive centralization can slow down decision-making.

过度的集中化可能会减慢决策的速度。

C1 adjective /ˈkɒz.mɪk/

cosmic

宇宙的, 广阔的

Meaning

relating to the universe or cosmos; vast

Example

Astronomers study cosmic phenomena to understand the universe.

天文学家研究宇宙现象，以理解宇宙。

C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

精英主义者

Meaning

A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.

Example

His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.

他的精英主义态度使他在同事中不受欢迎。

C1 noun /mɔːrˈfɑːlədʒi/

morphology

形态学

Meaning

the study of the form and structure of things, especially in language and biology

Example

Morphology studies the structure of words and how they are formed.

形态学研究词汇的结构以及它们是如何形成的。

C1 adjective /ˈbɛndi/

bendy

柔韧的

Meaning

Easily curved or flexible.

Example

The bendy straw made it easier to drink from the cup.

弯曲的吸管使得从杯子里喝水更加容易。

C1 verb /ˈɒp.tɪ.maɪz/

optimize

优化

Meaning

To make the best or most effective use of a situation, opportunity, or resource.

Example

The company is working to optimize its supply chain.

公司正在努力优化其供应链。

C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

切断，断绝关系

Meaning

to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship

Example

He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.

在争执之后，他不得不与公司断绝关系。

C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

深割伤

Meaning

A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.

Example

He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.

他在事故后腿部有一个深深的割伤。

C1 noun /bɑːm/

balm

香膏

Meaning

A soothing ointment or something that provides comfort or relief.

Example

The balm helped relieve the pain from her sunburn.

香膏帮助缓解她的晒伤疼痛。

C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

眯眼看

Meaning

to look with partly closed eyes

Example

She squinted at the bright sunlight.

她因强烈的阳光而眯着眼睛。

C1 verb /ˈlæmɪˌneɪt/

laminate

覆膜

Meaning

to cover or enclose something with a protective layer, usually plastic

Example

She laminated her important documents to protect them from damage.

她把重要的文件进行了塑料封面处理，以保护它们免受损坏。

C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

碳封存

Meaning

The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.

Example

Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.

森林在碳封存中发挥关键作用。

C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

居高临下

Meaning

having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority

Example

Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.

她居高临下的语气让她的同事感到不满。

C1 adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

precipitous

陡峭或突然而至

Meaning

Extremely steep or sudden; done quickly without careful consideration.

Example

The hikers struggled to climb the precipitous slope.

远足者在攀登陡峭的坡道时遇到了困难。

C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

偷窃

Meaning

to steal things of small value or in small quantities

Example

The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.

员工在偷窃办公室用品时被抓住。

C1 noun /ˈplæn.teɪn ˈflaʊ.ər/

Plantain flower

芭蕉花

Meaning

The flower bud of a banana plant, used as a vegetable in cooking

Example

We cooked plantain flower curry for dinner.

我们为晚餐做了芭蕉花咖喱。

C1 adjective /rɪˈflek.sɪv/

Reflexive

反思的; 自我反省的

Meaning

directed back on itself; showing deep thought about oneself

Example

She became more reflexive about her behavior after the feedback.

她在反馈后变得更加反思自己的行为。

C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

法兰绒

Meaning

a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised

Example

He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.

他在冬天穿了一件温暖的法兰绒衬衫。

C1 noun /kuː/

coup

政变

Meaning

a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government

Example

The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.

军队发动了一次政变，推翻了现有政权。

C1 verb /rɪˈmjuːnəreɪt/

remunerate

支付

Meaning

To pay someone for services or work done.

Example

The company will remunerate employees fairly for their overtime.

公司将公平地支付员工的加班费。

C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

补充

Meaning

Fill something up again.

Example

Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.

喝水有助于补充身体失去的液体。

C1 noun /ˈlɔːriət/

laureate

获得者

Meaning

A person honored with an award for outstanding achievement in a field, especially the arts or sciences.

Example

The Nobel laureate gave an inspiring lecture on peace.

诺贝尔奖获得者就和平发表了激动人心的演讲。

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

开幕

Meaning

marking the beginning of something; first; opening

Example

The president delivered his inaugural speech.

总统发表了他的开幕演讲。

C1 noun /ˈɛspiənɑːʒ/

espionage

间谍活动

Meaning

The practice of spying or using spies to gather secret information, usually for political or military purposes.

Example

The agent was arrested on charges of espionage against the state.

该特工因涉嫌间谍活动被逮捕。

C1 noun /ˈspɛktər/

specter

幽灵

Meaning

A ghost or spirit; something that causes fear or dread.

Example

The specter of war still haunts the region.

战争的幽灵仍然在该地区徘徊。

C1 noun /ˈsɪləbəl/

syllable

音节

Meaning

A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word.

Example

The word 'computer' has three syllables.

‘计算机’这个词有三个音节。

C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

平衡

Meaning

To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.

Example

The team equalized the score in the last minute.

团队在最后一分钟将比分扳平。

C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

清醒

Meaning

the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness

Example

He has maintained his sobriety for five years.

他已经保持清醒五年了。

C1 noun /ˈzɪn.i.ə/

Zinnia

泽尼亚

Meaning

A colorful garden flower with daisy-like blooms, popular for its vibrant colors and long-lasting nature

Example

The garden was filled with bright zinnias in various colors.

花园里充满了各种色彩鲜艳的泽尼亚花。

C1 noun /meɪn/

mane

鬃毛

Meaning

the long hair growing on the neck of a horse, lion, or other animal

Example

The lion shook its thick mane proudly.

狮子骄傲地摇动着它浓密的鬃毛。

C1 noun /ˈɒn.slɔːt/

onslaught

猛攻

Meaning

A fierce or destructive attack.

Example

The village faced an onslaught of enemy forces.

这个村庄面临敌军的猛烈进攻。

C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

散发

Meaning

To come out or spread from a source.

Example

A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.

从花园中散发出一股甜美的香气。

C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

膨胀

Meaning

excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas

Example

The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.

公司因其膨胀的价格而遭受批评。

C1 verb /ˈlɪtɪˌɡeɪt/

litigate

诉讼

Meaning

to engage in legal proceedings or take a dispute to court

Example

The company decided to litigate the contract dispute.

公司决定就合同争议提起诉讼。

C1 noun /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/

supposition

假设

Meaning

An assumption or belief that something is true without certain proof.

Example

His plan was based on the supposition that the market would recover quickly.

他的计划是基于市场将迅速恢复的假设。

C1 noun /ˈrʌfiən/

Ruffian

流氓; 暴力的人;

Meaning

a violent person, especially one involved in crime; a brutal or lawless person

Example

The ruffian threatened the shopkeeper for money.

流氓威胁店主要钱。

C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

衍生物

Meaning

Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.

Example

The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.

这部电影因过于模仿早期作品而受到批评。

C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

儿科学

Meaning

the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children

Example

She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.

她决定在医学学校后专攻儿科学。

C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

闪光

Meaning

a small or brief shining light; to shine softly

Example

A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.

她眼中闪现出希望的光芒。

C1 adjective /ˈdiːviəs/

devious

狡猾

Meaning

Skillful at using underhanded tactics to achieve goals; not straightforward.

Example

He used a devious plan to gain control of the company.

他使用了一个狡猾的计划来控制公司。

C1 adjective /ˈpəʊtəbl/

potable

可饮用的

Meaning

safe to drink; drinkable

Example

The villagers did not have access to potable water.

村民没有水源可以饮用。

C1 noun /ˈfɔːls.hʊd/

Falsehood

虚伪; 谎言

Meaning

the state of being untrue; a lie

Example

The politician was caught spreading falsehoods about his opponent.

那位政治家被抓到散播关于对手的谎言。

C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

码头

Meaning

a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored

Example

The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.

渔船停靠在靠近港口的木质码头。

C1 verb /ʌnˈnɜːrv/

unnerve

失去信心

Meaning

to make someone lose confidence, courage, or composure

Example

The hostile questions began to unnerve the witness.

敌对问题开始让证人感到不安。

C1 noun /woʊz/

woes

困境

Meaning

great sorrow or distress; troubles

Example

The company faced financial woes after the market crash.

公司在市场崩溃后面临财务困境。

C1 adverb /ˈhed ɑn/

Head-on

正面

Meaning

directly facing; in direct confrontation or collision

Example

The two cars collided head-on at the intersection.

两辆车在交叉口发生了正面碰撞。

C1 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/

Animosity

敌意; 仇恨

Meaning

strong hostility or dislike; active hatred or ill will

Example

There was clear animosity between the two rival teams.

两支竞争队伍之间有明显的敌意。

C1 noun /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/

macronutrients

大营养素

Meaning

Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Example

Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients.

蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物是重要的大营养素。

C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

由于激动或医学状况引起的明显快速、强烈或不规则的心跳

Meaning

a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition

Example

She experienced palpitations before her job interview.

她在面试前感受到了心悸。

C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

共生的

Meaning

Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.

Example

The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.

蜜蜂和花朵之间的关系是共生的。

C1 adjective /ʌnˈbraɪdld/

unbridled

无法控制的

Meaning

Uncontrolled and unrestrained.

Example

The protesters showed unbridled enthusiasm for change.

抗议者展示了对改变的无法抑制的热情。

C1 adjective /traɪt/

trite

陈腐的

Meaning

Overused and lacking originality.

Example

The speech was full of trite phrases.

演讲中充满了陈词滥调。

C1 verb /dɪsˈhɑːrtn/

dishearten

使灰心

Meaning

to cause someone to lose determination or confidence; to discourage

Example

The constant rejection letters began to dishearten the young writer.

不断的拒绝信开始使年轻的作家感到气馁。

C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

美丽且装饰性的书写艺术

Meaning

The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.

Example

She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.

她参加了一个课程来提高她的书法技能。

C1 noun /ɡʌl/

Gull

海鸥

Meaning

a seabird with webbed feet, long wings, and usually white and gray feathers

Example

The gull swooped down to grab the fish from the water.

海鸥俯冲下来抓住水中的鱼。

C1 noun /ˌrek.ənˌsɪl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

reconciliation

和解

Meaning

The restoration of friendly relations; the action of making one view or belief compatible with another.

Example

The peace treaty was a major step toward reconciliation.

和平条约是迈向和解的重要一步。

C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

无礼

Meaning

lack of respect; rudeness

Example

The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.

老师对学生的无礼感到震惊。

C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

抱怨

Meaning

to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters

Example

She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.

她倾向于为最小的不便抱怨。

Meaning

The state of having lost a loved one through death.

Example

She received many letters of sympathy during her time of bereavement.

C1 noun /ˈded.lɑk/

Dead-lock

死锁; 僵局

Meaning

a situation in which no progress is possible; complete standstill

Example

The negotiations reached a deadlock when neither side would compromise.

谈判陷入僵局，因为没有一方愿意妥协。

C1 noun /ˈlɪrɪk/

lyric

歌词

Meaning

the words of a song or a short poem that expresses personal feelings

Example

She memorized every lyric of her favorite song.

她记住了她最喜欢的歌曲的每一首歌词。

C1 verb /rɪˈsɜːrdʒ/

resurge

复兴

Meaning

To rise, increase, or become active again after a decline.

Example

Interest in traditional crafts has begun to resurge.

对传统手工艺的兴趣已经开始复兴。

C1 noun /rɪˈmɔːrs/

Remorse

懊悔

Meaning

deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed; bitter regret for something done

Example

He felt deep remorse for his actions.

他对自己的行为感到深深的懊悔。

C1 noun /ˈhiːdəˌnɪzəm/

hedonism

享乐主义

Meaning

The pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the highest goal.

Example

The lifestyle of the rich is often criticized as pure hedonism.

富人的生活方式常被批评为纯粹的享乐主义。

C1 noun əˈblɪv.i.ən

oblivion

遗忘, 灭绝, 消失

Meaning

The state of being unaware or unconscious of what is happening; complete forgetfulness.

Example

His name faded into oblivion over time.

随着时间的推移，他的名字渐渐消失在遗忘中。

C1 noun fɔːlt ˈtɒl.ər.əns

fault-tolerance

容错性

Meaning

The ability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.

Example

Fault-tolerance ensures dependable systems.

容错性确保了可靠的系统。

C1 noun /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/

defamation

诽谤

Meaning

the act of damaging someone's reputation by making false statements

Example

The newspaper was sued for defamation of character.

该报因诽谤被起诉。

C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

基础设施发展

Meaning

The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Example

Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.

基础设施发展对高效的回收至关重要。

C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

僵局

Meaning

A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.

Example

Negotiations ended in a stalemate.

谈判陷入了僵局。

C1 adjective /tɪˈrænɪkəl/

tyrannical

暴虐

Meaning

exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way

Example

The tyrannical ruler silenced all opposition.

暴虐的统治者让所有的反对派都沉默了。

C1 adverb /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bli/

Amiably

友好地，以友善的方式

Meaning

in a friendly and pleasant manner

Example

They discussed the issue amiably without any arguments.

他们友善地讨论了这个问题，没有争论。

C1 noun /ˈwɒrənt/

Warrant

搜查令

Meaning

a legal document that gives police the authority to do something; justification or authority for an action

Example

The police obtained a search warrant before entering the building.

警方在进入大楼之前获得了搜查令。

C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

气候调节

Meaning

The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.

Example

Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.

森林通过稳定当地的温度来帮助气候调节。

C1 noun /ˈɛksədəs/

exodus

大规模撤离

Meaning

A mass departure of people from a place.

Example

There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began.

罢工开始后，工人们突然发生了大规模撤离。

C1 noun /ˈreɪ.biːz/

rabies

狂犬病

Meaning

A viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, usually transmitted through animal bites.

Example

The dog was vaccinated against rabies.

狗已接种狂犬病疫苗。

C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

严重

Meaning

Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.

Example

The accident was a grievous blow to the community.

这次事故对社区来说是一个严重的打击。