C1 noun prɪˈzɝː.və.tɪv

preservative

防腐剂

Meaning

A chemical substance that prevents decay, fermentation, or other natural processes that cause food deterioration.

Example

Artificial preservatives are harmful to health.

人工防腐剂对健康有害。

B1 noun/verb /ˈprɛʃər/

pressure

压力

Meaning

the force applied to something or the feeling of stress or tension

Example

The pressure of the situation made him nervous.

情境的压力让他感到紧张。

C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrmiəbl̩/

permeable

可渗透的

Meaning

allowing liquids or gases to pass through

Example

The soil in this area is very permeable to water.

这个地区的土壤对水非常可渗透。

C1 noun /pəˈræl.ə.sɪs/

Paralysis

瘫痪

Meaning

the loss of the ability to move part or all of the body; complete inability to act or function

Example

The accident left him with paralysis in his legs.

事故使他双腿瘫痪。

C2 noun /ˈpeɪpəsi/

papacy

教皇职位

Meaning

The office or authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.

Example

The papacy played a significant role in medieval European politics.

教皇职位在中世纪欧洲政治中发挥了重要作用。

A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

适当的

Meaning

conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality

Example

He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.

他确保为面试穿上了适当的服装。

B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/

predominantly

主要

Meaning

mainly; for the most part

Example

The population in the city is predominantly young.

这个城市的人口主要是年轻人。

B1 verb /preɪ/

pray

祈祷

Meaning

to speak to God or a deity; to hope earnestly

Example

Many people pray for peace in the world.

许多人祈祷世界的和平。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

死后

Meaning

occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death

Example

The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.

作者因其最后一部小说获得了死后奖项。

C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

做作的

Meaning

Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.

Example

The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.

餐厅很时尚，但对我的口味来说太做作了。

B2 verb /ˈpenɪtreɪt/

penetrate

穿透

Meaning

to go into or through something; to understand something deeply

Example

The bullet penetrated the wall.

子弹穿透了墙壁。

C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

延长的, 持久的, 拉长的

Meaning

Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

Example

The negotiations were protracted over months.

谈判持续了几个月。

B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

精确定位

Meaning

to locate or identify something with precision

Example

The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.

侦探能够精确地定位嫌疑人的位置。

B2 adjective /ˈpeɪ.ə.bəl/

Payable

应付的

Meaning

required to be paid; owed as a debt

Example

The amount is payable within thirty days of the invoice date.

该金额应在发票日期后30天内支付。

C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

常青

Meaning

lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually

Example

Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.

气候变化是科学家的一个长期关注问题。

C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

吝啬

Meaning

unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy

Example

The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.

公司太吝啬，无法投资更好的设备。

B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

繁荣

Meaning

The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.

Example

The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.

这个国家在过去十年中取得了巨大的繁荣。

B2 adjective ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv

proactive

积极主动

Meaning

Taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens.

Example

Proactive strategies are needed to combat scarcity.

积极主动的策略是解决短缺问题的必要措施。

B2 noun /prɒkˈsɪmɪti/

proximity

接近

Meaning

Nearness in space, time, or relationship.

Example

The proximity of the school to her house made it convenient.

学校离她家很近，这使得它很方便。

C2 verb /ˈpɛrəɡrɪˌneɪt/

peregrinate

幸福

Meaning

To travel or wander from place to place.

Example

He loved to peregrinate across the countryside during summer.

当她收到奖项时，她无法隐藏她的幸福。

A1 noun /ˈpɑːpə/

papa

爸爸

Meaning

an informal or affectionate term for one’s father

Example

Papa is picking me up from school today.

爸爸今天来接我放学。

C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

演讲结尾

Meaning

The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.

Example

The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.

政治家的演讲结尾让观众热烈鼓掌。

B2 noun /plæˈtoʊ/

plateau

高原，平坦的高地，变化不大的阶段

Meaning

an elevated flat area of land or a period of little change

Example

After months of growth, sales reached a plateau.

经过几个月的增长，销售达到了一个平台。

B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

养老金

Meaning

a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability

Example

After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.

退休后，他从公司领取每月养老金。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

括号中的评论

Meaning

Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.

Example

He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.

他在讲座期间添加了一个括号中的评论。

C2 noun /ˈpæk.ɪ.dɜːrm/

pachyderm

具有厚皮的大型哺乳动物

Meaning

a large mammal with thick skin, such as an elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus

Example

The zoo had several pachyderms, including elephants and rhinos.

动物园里有几只厚皮兽，包括大象和犀牛。

B2 noun /ˈpiː.lər/

Peeler

削皮器

Meaning

a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables

Example

Use a peeler to remove the potato skin.

使用削皮器去除土豆皮。

C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

渗透, 弥漫, 渗入

Meaning

Spread throughout (something); pervade.

Example

The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.

新鲜花朵的香气弥漫整个房间。

B1 adjective /pərˈtɪk.jʊ.lər/

particular

特别

Meaning

specific or special; distinct from others

Example

He is very particular about his diet.

他对自己的饮食非常挑剔。

C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

五价

Meaning

Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.

Example

Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.

磷可以以五价状态存在。

C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

推定的

Meaning

Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.

Example

She is the presumptive nominee for the party.

她是该党的推定候选人。

C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

阻止

Meaning

To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.

Example

Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.

大雨阻止了野餐的可能性。

B2 verb /prəˈvoʊk/

provoke

挑衅

Meaning

To cause someone to become angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His words provoked a heated argument.

他的话引发了一场激烈的争论。

B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

财产; 所有权; 控制

Meaning

something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something

Example

The house has been in their family's possession for generations.

这座房子已经成为他们家族的财产好几代人。

B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪnənt/

prominent

显著的

Meaning

Important, famous, or easily noticeable.

Example

He is a prominent leader in the community.

他是社区中的一个杰出领导者。

B2 adjective /pælɛˈstɪnɪən/

palestinian

巴勒斯坦的

Meaning

relating to Palestine or its people

Example

The Palestinian people have a rich cultural heritage.

巴勒斯坦人民拥有丰富的文化遗产。

C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/

puissance

权力

Meaning

Great power, strength, or influence.

Example

The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.

帝国通过庞大的军队展现了其权力。

C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

荒谬的, 可笑的

Meaning

completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense

Example

The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.

认为猪能飞的想法是荒谬的。

A2 noun ˈprɒdʒekt

project

项目

Meaning

An individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim

Example

Working on two projects simultaneously is difficult.

同时进行两个项目的工作很困难。

B2 noun /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/

Publicity

宣传

Meaning

public attention or notice given to someone or something; advertising or promotion

Example

The movie received a lot of publicity before its release.

这部电影在上映之前获得了很多宣传。

B1 noun praɪd

pride

骄傲

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

胜利日让我们的心充满了骄傲。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

实用主义者

Meaning

A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.

Example

He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.

他是一个真正的实用主义者，他更看重结果而非理想。

C2 noun /ˈpiːən/

paean

颂歌

Meaning

A song or piece of writing expressing great praise or triumph.

Example

The article was a paean to the beauty of nature.

这篇文章是对大自然美丽的颂歌。

B1 noun /plʌm/

Plum

李子

Meaning

a small round fruit with smooth red or purple skin, sweet flesh, and a single large seed

Example

The purple plum was juicy and delicious.

紫色的李子又多汁又美味。

C1 adjective/verb /ˈprɒstreɪt/

prostrate

俯卧

Meaning

lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion

Example

He lay prostrate on the ground after the long battle.

他在长时间的战斗后趴倒在地。

A2 adjective /praʊd/

Proud

自豪

Meaning

feeling deep pleasure from one's achievements; having high self-respect

Example

She was proud of her daughter's academic achievements.

她为女儿的学术成就感到自豪。

A2 noun /ˈpiːˈsi/

pc

个人电脑

Meaning

abbreviation for 'personal computer', a machine for performing digital operations

Example

I just bought a new PC for work.

我刚买了一个新的个人电脑用于工作。

B2 noun /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/

Prejudice

偏见

Meaning

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Example

We must fight against prejudice and discrimination in our society.

我们必须在我们的社会中与偏见和歧视作斗争。

C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

由于激动或医学状况引起的明显快速、强烈或不规则的心跳

Meaning

a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition

Example

She experienced palpitations before her job interview.

她在面试前感受到了心悸。

C1 noun /ˈpɪl.fər.ɪdʒ/

Pilferage

窃盗（小额盗窃）

Meaning

the theft of small amounts or items, especially from one's workplace

Example

The company installed cameras to prevent pilferage.

公司安装了监控摄像头以防止盗窃。

C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

奶酪

Meaning

Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk

Example

The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.

厨师通过用柠檬汁凝固温热的牛奶，制作了新鲜的奶酪。

B1 adjective /ˈplʊrəl/

plural

复数

Meaning

denoting more than one person or thing

Example

The word 'cats' is the plural of 'cat'.

'猫'的复数是'猫们'。

C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

语音学

Meaning

the study of the sound system of a language

Example

She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.

她正在研究语音学，以了解英语中声音的功能。

A1 verb /peɪnt/

paint

画画

Meaning

to apply a colored substance to a surface

Example

She loves to paint landscapes in her free time.

她喜欢在空闲时间画风景画。

B2 adjective /pəˈsɪs.tənt/

persistent

坚持不懈

Meaning

continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period

Example

Despite many setbacks, her persistent efforts led to success.

尽管遇到许多挫折，她的坚持不懈最终带来了成功。

C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

弑亲

Meaning

The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.

Example

The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.

法院在悲剧事件后以弑亲罪审判了他。

C1 noun /ˈpʊlpɪt/

pulpit

讲道台

Meaning

a raised platform in a church from which the preacher delivers a sermon

Example

The pastor stood at the pulpit to address the congregation.

牧师站在讲道台上向会众致辞。

B1 adverb /ˈpriːviəsli/

previously

以前

Meaning

at an earlier time or before now

Example

She had previously worked at a bank before starting her own business.

她曾在银行工作过，之后才开始了自己的生意。

B2 noun /ˈpɒm.ɪˌɡræn.ɪt/

Pomegranate

石榴

Meaning

a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice

Example

The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.

石榴籽又甜又清新。

C1 verb /ˈpɒstʃʊleɪt/

postulate

假设

Meaning

to suggest or assume that something is true as the basis for reasoning or discussion

Example

Scientists postulate that life exists on other planets.

科学家假设在其他星球上存在生命。

B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

苍白的; 暗淡的; 虚弱的

Meaning

having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint

Example

She looked pale after being sick for a week.

她生病了一周后，看起来苍白。

C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

清除

Meaning

To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.

Example

The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.

新领导承诺清除政府中的腐败。

C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/

pandemonium

混乱

Meaning

Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.

Example

When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.

当音乐会被取消时，混乱在观众中爆发。

C2 adjective /prɪˈskrɪptɪbəl/

prescriptible

可规定的

Meaning

Capable of being prescribed or laid down as a rule or directive.

Example

Certain regulations are prescriptible under the law.

某些规定在法律下是可以规定的。

B1 verb /pərˈmɪt/

permit

允许

Meaning

to allow or give permission; to make possible

Example

The teacher permits students to use calculators during the exam.

老师允许学生在考试期间使用计算器。

C1 verb /plʌm/

plumb

测量深度或仔细检查

Meaning

to measure the depth of water or examine closely

Example

They used a line to plumb the depth of the lake.

他们用一条线来测量湖的深度。

C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

与开放海洋相关

Meaning

Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.

Example

Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.

像金枪鱼这样的深海鱼类通常在离海岸很远的地方发现。

C2 noun /priːˈɛmɪnəns/

preeminence

卓越

Meaning

The fact of surpassing all others; superiority.

Example

The university has gained preeminence in medical research.

该大学在医学研究中已获得卓越地位。

C2 noun /ˈpɑr.bəl/

Parbal

尖瓜

Meaning

A green vegetable also known as pointed gourd, commonly used in South Asian cuisine

Example

Mother prepared parbal curry with fish.

母亲做了带鱼的尖瓜咖喱。

C1 noun /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/

Polygamy

一夫多妻制

Meaning

the practice of marrying multiple spouses at the same time

Example

Polygamy is illegal in many countries around the world.

一夫多妻制在世界许多国家是非法的。

C1 verb /prəˈfes/

profess

宣称

Meaning

to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief

Example

He professes his love for classical music.

他宣称自己热爱古典音乐。

C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

致病的

Meaning

Capable of causing disease.

Example

Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.

有些细菌是无害的，而其他的则是高度致病的。

B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

追求, 寻求

Meaning

the act of chasing or trying to achieve something

Example

He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.

他将一生奉献给了追求幸福。

B2 adjective /ˈplen.tɪ.fəl/

Plentiful

丰盛的; 大量的

Meaning

abundant; existing in large quantity

Example

The harvest was plentiful this year due to good weather.

今年由于良好的天气，收成非常丰盛。

B1 noun /prəˈfeʃ.ən/

Profession

职业

Meaning

a type of job that requires special education, training, or skill

Example

Teaching is a noble profession that shapes future generations.

教学是一项崇高的职业，它塑造了未来的世代。

B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

拥有 / 拥有

Meaning

To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.

Example

She possesses great talent in music.

她在音乐上拥有巨大的天赋。

B2 verb /plʌk/

pluck

摘取, 鼓起勇气

Meaning

to take hold of and quickly remove; to gather courage or determination

Example

She plucked a flower from the garden.

她从花园里摘了一朵花。

C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

美丽

Meaning

physical beauty

Example

The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.

这位女演员因她的美丽和才华而受到钦佩。

B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

恶作剧

Meaning

A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.

Example

They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.

他们在派对上和朋友玩了一个无害的恶作剧。

B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

保存

Meaning

The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.

Example

Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.

适当的保存延长了机器的使用寿命。

B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

熟练

Meaning

Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.

Example

She is highly proficient in multiple languages.

她在多种语言方面非常熟练。

C2 verb /prɪmp/

primp

幸福

Meaning

To spend time making minor adjustments to one's appearance.

Example

She primped in front of the mirror before the party.

她在收到奖项时无法掩饰自己的幸福。

B1 noun /pərˈfɔːrmər/

performer

表演者

Meaning

a person who entertains an audience by acting, singing, dancing, or playing music

Example

The performer received a standing ovation for her song.

表演者因她的歌曲获得了起立鼓掌。

C1 adjective /prəˈfeɪn/

profane

亵渎的，不敬的

Meaning

showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar

Example

His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony.

他的笑话被认为是太亵渎仪式了。

C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

过程稳定性

Meaning

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

Example

Cold air ensures process stability in plants.

冷空气确保植物的过程稳定性。

C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

本身

Meaning

By or in itself; intrinsically.

Example

The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.

这个想法本身并不好，但需要改进。

C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

牟取暴利者

Meaning

a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally

Example

The government punished war profiteers.

政府惩罚了战争的牟取暴利者。

C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/

phonogram

音标符号

Meaning

a written symbol representing a speech sound

Example

The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.

老师展示了每个音标符号如何代表特定的声音。

B1 noun /ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/

presentation

展示

Meaning

The manner or style in which something is given, offered, or displayed.

Example

The presentation of the new product was well received.

新产品的展示得到了很好的接受。

C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

辛辣

Meaning

The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.

Example

The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.

大蒜的辛辣味充满了厨房。

C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

保持某事持续运行或长时间维持它

Meaning

To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.

Example

The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

媒体有时会延续有害的刻板印象。

A2 verb /pʊʃ/

push

推

Meaning

to exert force to move something away from oneself; to press against

Example

Push the button to ring the bell.

按下按钮以响铃。

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

赞扬

Meaning

expressions of praise or approval

Example

The scientist received plaudits from the international community.

这位科学家得到了国际社会的赞扬。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

挪用公款

Meaning

The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.

Example

The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.

部长在被指控参与挪用公款后辞职。

B1 verb /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

punish

惩罚

Meaning

to give a penalty for wrongdoing; to discipline

Example

The teacher will punish students who cheat.

老师会惩罚作弊的学生。

C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

屈尊俯就

Meaning

to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business

Example

Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.

不要用你虚假的同情来屈尊俯就我。

B2 adjective /fəˈnɒmɪnəl/

phenomenal

非凡

Meaning

extraordinary, remarkable, or exceptional in a way that is very impressive

Example

The team achieved phenomenal success in the tournament.

团队在比赛中取得了非凡的成功。

B2 verb /poʊk/

poke

戳

Meaning

to push or prod with a finger or pointed object

Example

Don't poke me with your finger.

不要用手指戳我。

B2 noun /pɔːrtʃ/

porch

门廊

Meaning

a covered area at the entrance of a building, often with a roof and open sides

Example

We sat on the porch and enjoyed the evening breeze.

我们坐在门廊上，享受晚风。

自以为是的道德主义者

Meaning

self-righteously moralistic and superior

Example

He came across as priggish when correcting everyone's manners.

当他纠正每个人的行为时，他显得很自以为是的道德主义者。