B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

前言

Meaning

an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work

Example

The author explained his motivation in the preface.

作者在前言中解释了他的动机。

B2 verb prəˈmoʊtɪŋ

promoting

促进

Meaning

Supporting or actively encouraging; helping to develop or increase.

Example

Promoting practical education ensures skill development.

推广实践教育确保技能发展。

C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

父亲身份

Meaning

The state of being someone's father.

Example

He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.

他要求进行亲子鉴定，以确认他与孩子的关系。

C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

血液的液体部分；电离气体；无凝血蛋白的血清

Meaning

the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins

Example

Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.

血浆含有各种蛋白质和营养物质。

C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

平凡的

Meaning

ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination

Example

The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.

老师的解释很准确，但相当平凡。

C2 noun /ˈpruːdəri/

prudery

Meaning

the behavior or attitude of people who are too easily shocked or offended by sexual matters

Example

His prudery often made others uncomfortable during open discussions.

C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

后代, 子孙, 继承人

Meaning

A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.

Example

The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.

哲学家的教义影响了许多代后代。

C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

专家

Meaning

An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.

Example

Political pundits debated the election results on television.

政治专家在电视上讨论了选举结果。

A2 adjective /pjʊər/

Pure

纯净的; 清澈的; 无污点的; 无歧视的;

Meaning

clean; clear; untainted; without discrimination;

Example

The water from the mountain spring is pure.

来自山泉的水是纯净的。

B2 adjective /ˈpəʊstwɔːr/

postwar

战后

Meaning

occurring or existing after a war

Example

The postwar period saw significant economic growth.

战后时期见证了显著的经济增长。

C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

采购

Meaning

The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.

Example

The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.

现代设备的采购提高了研究准确性。

C2 adjective /ˈpruːdɪʃ/

prudish

过于拘谨的

Meaning

having or revealing a tendency to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity

Example

She was too prudish to watch the movie with her friends.

她太拘谨了，不愿和朋友一起看电影。

C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

洗劫

Meaning

to rob or plunder a place, especially during war

Example

The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.

入侵军队洗劫了村庄，拿走了所有贵重物品。

A2 noun ˈpraɪsɪz

prices

价格

Meaning

The amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.

Example

Rising prices are affecting consumer spending.

不断上涨的价格影响着消费者的支出。

C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

党派支持者

Meaning

A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.

Example

The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.

辩论迅速变得党派化，每一方都在捍卫自己的议程。

B1 noun /prəˈduː.sər/

Producer

制片人

Meaning

a person who supervises the making of a film, play, or broadcast program; someone who creates or manufactures goods

Example

The film producer invested millions in the new movie project.

电影制片人投资了数百万美元在这个新电影项目中。

B2 noun /pʌŋk/

punk

朋克

Meaning

a type of popular music, or the culture associated with it, characterized by loud, fast rhythms and rebellious attitudes

Example

He’s always been into punk music and fashion.

他一直对朋克音乐和时尚感兴趣。

C1 verb /ˈpæmpər/

pamper

溺爱 / 宠爱

Meaning

to treat with excessive care and attention; to spoil

Example

Parents often pamper their first child.

父母常常溺爱他们的第一个孩子。

C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

仔细阅读

Meaning

The action of reading or examining something carefully.

Example

The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.

合同已交给律师以供仔细阅读。

B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

proposition

提议, 计划

Meaning

A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.

Example

The company made a business proposition to the investors.

公司向投资者提出了商业提议。

C2 noun /ˈprɛlət/

prelate

高级神职人员

Meaning

A high-ranking member of the clergy, especially a bishop or abbot.

Example

The prelate delivered a sermon to the congregation.

普雷拉特向会众发表了讲道。

C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

伊朗人或说波斯语的人

Meaning

a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)

Example

The Persian language has a rich literary history.

波斯语有着丰富的文学历史。

C2 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ɪ.zəm/

pantheism

泛神论

Meaning

The belief that God and the universe are identical, or that everything is a manifestation of God.

Example

Spinoza’s philosophy is often associated with pantheism.

斯宾诺莎的哲学常与泛神论相关联。

B2 noun /prɪˈtens/

Pretence

虚伪

Meaning

an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true

Example

He made no pretence of being interested in the conversation.

他没有装作对谈话感兴趣。

C1 noun,verb /pleɪt/

plait

辫子

Meaning

a braid of hair or straw; to braid

Example

She decided to plait her hair before the party.

她决定在派对前编织她的头发。

B1 noun /prəˈməʊ.ʃən/

Promotion

晋升; 升职

Meaning

the act of raising someone to a higher position; advertising to increase sales

Example

She received a promotion to manager after five years of hard work.

她在五年的辛勤工作后晋升为经理。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

精明, 审慎

Meaning

shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters

Example

It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.

在争论中保持沉默是他明智的选择。

C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

幸福

Meaning

easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible

Example

There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.

当她收到奖项时，她无法隐藏自己的幸福感。

C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

散步

Meaning

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

Example

They went for a promenade along the seaside.

他们在海边散步。

B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

追求, 寻求

Meaning

the act of chasing or trying to achieve something

Example

He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.

他将一生奉献给了追求幸福。

C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

延长的, 持久的, 拉长的

Meaning

Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

Example

The negotiations were protracted over months.

谈判持续了几个月。

C1 verb /pɑːrs/

parse

语法分析

Meaning

to analyze a sentence or text grammatically or logically

Example

The software can parse large amounts of text data efficiently.

该软件可以高效地解析大量文本数据。

C1 noun prɪˌsɪp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən

precipitation

降水

Meaning

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to or condenses on the ground.

Example

Annual precipitation levels are decreasing.

年度降水量正在减少。

B2 noun /pəˈræmɪtər/

parameter

参数

Meaning

a limit, boundary, or measurable factor that defines or determines something

Example

We need to set clear parameters for this project.

我们需要为这个项目设定明确的参数。

B2 verb /plʌndʒ/

plunge

迅速跳入或潜水；突然下降

Meaning

to jump or dive quickly; to fall sharply

Example

She plunged into the swimming pool.

她跳进了游泳池。

C2 adjective /ˈpɪrɪk/

pyrrhic

皮洛斯式胜利

Meaning

A victory won at such a great cost that it is almost equivalent to defeat.

Example

The general declared the battle a pyrrhic victory due to heavy losses.

由于巨大的损失，指挥官宣布战斗为皮洛斯式胜利。

C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

极度贫穷

Meaning

extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly

Example

The penurious family struggled to buy food.

那个极度贫穷的家庭艰难地购买食物。

C1 noun /pɛnˈtæθlɒn/

pentathlon

五项全能

Meaning

An athletic contest featuring five different events.

Example

She trained hard to compete in the modern pentathlon.

她为参加现代五项全能而努力训练。

C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

永续农业

Meaning

The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.

Example

Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.

永续农业促进自给自足的农业系统。

B2 verb /pərˈsiːv/

perceive

感知

Meaning

to become aware of or understand something through the senses

Example

I perceive a change in his attitude.

我感知到他态度的变化。

C1 verb /ˈpæs.ɪ.faɪ/

pacify

安抚；抚慰；平息

Meaning

To quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of someone.

Example

The mother tried to pacify her crying child.

妈妈试图安抚她正在哭泣的孩子。

B2 verb /pruːn/

prune

修剪

Meaning

to cut off unwanted parts of a plant or tree to help it grow better

Example

Gardeners prune the trees in spring to encourage growth.

园丁在春天修剪树木以促进生长。

A2 noun, verb /pəʊst/

post

邮寄

Meaning

a job or position, or to send something by mail

Example

She posted a letter to her friend yesterday.

她昨天给她的朋友邮寄了一封信。

B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

悲观主义

Meaning

A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.

Example

Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.

她的悲观主义让保持乐观变得很困难。

B2 noun /feɪz/

Phase

阶段; 变化或发展的过程中一个明确的阶段或时期

Meaning

a distinct period or stage in a process of change or development

Example

The project is now in its final phase.

该项目现在处于最后阶段。

B1 adjective /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/

Principal

主要的; 首要的; 最重要的; 首席

Meaning

main; primary; most important; chief

Example

The principal reason for the meeting was to discuss the budget.

会议的主要原因是讨论预算。

B2 noun ˈprɑː.sest fuːdz

processed foods

加工食品

Meaning

Foods that have been altered from their natural state through various methods such as canning, freezing, refrigeration, dehydration and aseptic processing.

Example

Excessive consumption of processed foods leads to health issues.

过量消费加工食品会导致健康问题。

C2 noun /pruːd/

prude

过于害羞的人

Meaning

A person who is easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity; someone overly modest.

Example

He was called a prude for blushing at the movie scenes.

因为在电影场景中脸红，他被称为过于害羞的人。

B2 verb /pəˈtroʊl/

patrol

巡逻

Meaning

to move around an area to watch or guard it

Example

The police patrol the streets at night to ensure safety.

警察晚上巡逻街道以确保安全。

C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

极性

Meaning

the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects

Example

The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.

两个政治党派之间的极性越来越强。

B2 adverb /prɪˈzjuːməbli/

presumably

可以推测

Meaning

used to convey that something is assumed to be true though not known for certain

Example

Presumably, he forgot to send the email.

可以推测，他忘记了发送邮件。

A2 noun /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

photograph

照片

Meaning

a picture made using a camera

Example

She took a photograph of the sunset.

她拍了一张日落的照片。

C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈjuːn/

picayune

微不足道的, 琐碎的

Meaning

of little value or importance; trivial

Example

He complained about the picayune details of the contract.

他抱怨合同中的琐碎细节。

B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

苍白的; 暗淡的; 虚弱的

Meaning

having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint

Example

She looked pale after being sick for a week.

她生病了一周后，看起来苍白。

B2 noun /ˈplæn.tɪn/

Plantain

大蕉

Meaning

a large green banana-like fruit that is usually cooked before eating

Example

Plantain can be fried, boiled, or baked and is a staple food in many tropical countries.

大蕉可以油炸、煮沸或烘烤，是许多热带国家的主食。

C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

家族长

Meaning

a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group

Example

As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.

作为家族长，他调解争端并保持着传统的延续。

B1 noun /pɜːrs/

purse

钱包

Meaning

a small bag used by women to carry money and personal items

Example

She kept her wallet in her purse.

她把钱包放进了她的手袋里。

C2 noun /proʊˈsiː.ni.əm/

proscenium

舞台前沿

Meaning

the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain; the arch framing the stage

Example

The actors bowed at the proscenium before leaving the stage.

演员在离开舞台之前向舞台前沿鞠躬。

C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

挑衅的

Meaning

causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating

Example

His provoking comments made everyone angry.

他挑衅的评论让每个人都生气了。

C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/

polyglot

多语者

Meaning

a person who knows and can use several languages

Example

She is a polyglot, fluent in English, Spanish, and Bengali.

她是一个多语者，精通英语、西班牙语和孟加拉语。

C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

保持某事持续运行或长时间维持它

Meaning

To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.

Example

The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

媒体有时会延续有害的刻板印象。

B2 adjective ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv

proactive

积极主动

Meaning

Taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens.

Example

Proactive strategies are needed to combat scarcity.

积极主动的策略是解决短缺问题的必要措施。

C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

危险的

Meaning

Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.

Example

His financial situation is precarious.

他的财务状况是危险的。

C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

背叛的

Meaning

deceitful and untrustworthy

Example

The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.

间谍因其背叛行为被执行死刑。

A2 adjective /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/

Perfect

完美的; 无瑕疵的; 卓越的

Meaning

flawless; excellent; without fault

Example

She delivered a perfect performance on stage.

她在舞台上做出了完美的表现。

C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

旁遮普

Meaning

a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting

Example

He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.

他穿着白色的旁遮普参加节日庆典。

B2 adverb /ˈpɑrʃəli/

Partially

部分地; 不完全地;

Meaning

to some extent; not completely; incompletely

Example

The building was only partially destroyed in the fire.

这座建筑在火灾中仅部分被摧毁。

B1 noun /ˈpænəl/

panel

面板, 法官小组

Meaning

a group of people gathered to discuss, judge, or advise on a particular topic

Example

The panel of judges announced the winner of the competition.

法官小组宣布了比赛的获胜者。

A2 noun /ˈpoʊɪm/

poem

诗歌

Meaning

a piece of writing that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a distinct form, often using rhyme or meter

Example

She wrote a beautiful poem for her mother.

她为她的母亲写了一首美丽的诗歌。

B2 noun /piːk/

Peak

山顶

Meaning

the highest point of a mountain or hill; the maximum level or intensity

Example

The climbers reached the peak of Mount Everest.

登山者到达了珠穆朗玛峰的山顶。

B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

宣讲

Meaning

to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting

Example

The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.

牧师宣讲了宽恕与善良。

C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

所有神明，献给所有神明的庙宇

Meaning

All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.

Example

The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.

罗马的万神殿是最完好保存的古代神庙之一。

B1 adjective /ˈpʌŋk.tʃu.əl/

Punctual

准时

Meaning

on time; prompt;

Example

She is always punctual for meetings.

她总是准时参加会议。

B2 adjective /prəˈtɛktɪv/

protective

保护性的

Meaning

giving or capable of giving protection; shielding from harm or danger

Example

She wore a protective helmet while riding her bike.

她骑自行车时戴着保护性头盔。

B2 adjective /ˌpriːməˈtjʊər/

premature

过早的

Meaning

Happening or done before the usual or proper time.

Example

His decision to quit the job was premature.

他决定辞职的决定过早。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

可怜的

Meaning

deserving sympathy or compassion

Example

The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.

那只流浪狗在雨中看起来十分可怜。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtənt/

penitent

懊悔的

Meaning

Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.

Example

She was penitent after shouting at her friend.

她在对她的朋友大喊之后感到懊悔。

C2 noun /prəˈfjuːʒən/

profusion

丰富

Meaning

an abundance or large quantity of something

Example

Spring brought a profusion of wildflowers to the valley.

春天给山谷带来了大量的野花。

B2 noun /ˈpiː.lər/

Peeler

削皮器

Meaning

a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables

Example

Use a peeler to remove the potato skin.

使用削皮器去除土豆皮。

A2 adverb /pəˈhæps/

Perhaps

也许; 可能

Meaning

possibly; maybe; used to express uncertainty or make a suggestion

Example

Perhaps we should call before visiting to make sure they're home.

也许我们应该在访问之前先打个电话，以确保他们在家。

C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

逐步地; 一片一片地

Meaning

done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic

Example

The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.

由于预算限制，翻新工作是在几年内逐步完成的。

C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/

prophecy

预言

Meaning

a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired

Example

The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.

预言预示着伟大领导者的崛起。

B1 noun praɪd

pride

骄傲

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

胜利日让我们的心充满了骄傲。

B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/

Pitcher

水壶, 大壶

Meaning

a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids

Example

The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.

桌子上的水壶里装满了冰冷的柠檬水。

C2 verb /prɪˈpɒndəreɪt/

preponderate

占优势

Meaning

To be greater in influence, weight, or number.

Example

In the debate, logical arguments preponderated over emotional appeals.

在辩论中，逻辑论点优于情感呼吁。

C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

全套装备

Meaning

A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.

Example

The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.

博物馆展示了一套古代武器的全套装备。

B1 verb /prɪˈdɪkt/

predict

预测

Meaning

to say that something will happen in the future

Example

Scientists predict rain tomorrow.

科学家预测明天会下雨。

A2 verb /ˈprɒmɪs/

promise

承诺

Meaning

to assure someone that one will definitely do something; to give one's word

Example

I promise to help you with your homework.

我承诺帮助你做作业。

B2 noun ˌpʌŋkˈtʃʊəlɪti

punctuality

守时

Meaning

The quality of being on time; the habit of arriving or doing things at the agreed or proper time.

Example

Punctuality is a valued trait in professional settings.

守时是职业环境中一个受重视的品质。

B2 noun /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/

Peninsula

半岛

Meaning

a piece of land that is almost completely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland

Example

The Korean Peninsula is located in East Asia.

朝鲜半岛位于东亚。

A2 noun /pɪn/

pin

别针

Meaning

a small thin piece of metal used to fasten or hold things together

Example

She used a pin to attach the note to the board.

她用别针把纸条固定在黑板上。

A2 verb /pæs/

pass

Meaning

to move past or beyond something

Example

He passed the test with flying colors.

C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

困惑 / 迷惑

Meaning

To confuse or puzzle someone.

Example

The complex instructions perplexed the students.

复杂的指示使学生感到困惑。

C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

贵族身份

Meaning

the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group

Example

He was elevated to the peerage by the king.

他被国王提升为贵族身份。

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

集邮家

Meaning

a person who collects or studies postage stamps

Example

The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.

这位集邮家花了多年时间建立了一个稀有的邮票收藏。

A2 phrasal verb /pɪk ʌp/

pick up

捡起; 接载; 学会

Meaning

to lift something; to collect or receive someone or something; to learn or acquire gradually; to improve or increase

Example

She picked up the book from the floor.

她从地板上捡起了那本书。

C2 noun /ˈpɒntɪf/

pontiff

教皇或高级主教

Meaning

the pope or a high-ranking bishop in the Christian church

Example

The pontiff addressed the nation in a televised speech.

教皇在电视演讲中向国家发表讲话。

C2 adjective /pʌŋkˈtɪliəs/

punctilious

一丝不苟

Meaning

Showing great attention to detail or correct behavior.

Example

She was punctilious in her attention to etiquette.

她对礼仪的关注非常一丝不苟。

C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平价

Meaning

the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay

Example

The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.

这项运动旨在实现男女之间的工资平等。

C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/

pulverize

粉碎

Meaning

To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.

Example

The machine can pulverize stones into dust.

机器可以将石头粉碎成灰尘。

A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

policy

政策

Meaning

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual; a contract of insurance.

Example

Effective policies drive national development.

有效的政策推动国家发展。

B2 adjective /ˈprɑːspərəs/

Prosperous

繁荣的; 兴旺的;

Meaning

successful in material terms; flourishing financially

Example

The company became very prosperous after launching their new product.

该公司在推出新产品后变得非常繁荣。

B1 noun /ˈpælɪs/

palace

宫殿

Meaning

a large and impressive building that is the official home of a king, queen, or other ruler

Example

The royal family lives in a magnificent palace.

皇室家庭住在一个宏伟的宫殿里。

C2 noun /ˈpiːs ɡʊdz/

Piece-goods

布料

Meaning

textiles or fabrics sold by the yard or meter; cloth materials

Example

The tailor bought piece-goods from the wholesale market to make custom dresses.

裁缝从批发市场购买了布料来制作定制的衣服。

C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

花色的

Meaning

having two or more different colors, typically in blotches

Example

The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.

这只斑猫身上有黑白色的斑点。

C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

对他人有不合理的恐惧或怀疑

Meaning

having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others

Example

She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.

她在听到外面奇怪的声音后变得偏执。

C1 adjective /ˈperɪɡrɪn/

Peregrine

漫游的; 迁徙的; 旅行的

Meaning

wandering; traveling; migratory

Example

The peregrine falcon is known for its incredible speed.

游隼因其不可思议的速度而闻名。

C1 noun /pərˈvɜr.sə.ti/

Perversity

堕落; 顽固;

Meaning

deliberate determination to behave in an unreasonable or unacceptable way; the quality of being contrary or obstinate

Example

His perversity in refusing help frustrated everyone.

他拒绝帮助的堕落让所有人都沮丧。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

胸肌

Meaning

Relating to the chest or breast.

Example

The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.

运动员专注于增强他的胸肌。

C2 adjective /ˈpɔːntʃi/

paunchy

大肚子

Meaning

Having a large or protruding belly.

Example

The paunchy man struggled to button his shirt.

那个大肚子男人在努力扣上他的衬衫纽扣。

A2 preposition/conjunction/noun/adjective /plʌs/

plus

加/优势

Meaning

in addition to; a positive aspect or advantage

Example

She received an A plus on her exam.

她在考试中得了一个A plus。

C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.nɪ.tɪv/

punitive

惩罚性

Meaning

Inflicting or intended as punishment.

Example

The company faced punitive measures for violating the law.

该公司因违反法律而面临惩罚性措施。

B1 noun /ˈpɪkʌp/

pickup

有开放式车厢的小卡车; 收集或改进某物的行为

Meaning

a small truck with an open back; the act of collecting or improving something

Example

The company scheduled a pickup for the returned goods.

公司为退还的货物安排了取货。

C2 noun /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪzəm/

pugilism

拳击

Meaning

The practice or sport of boxing.

Example

He studied the art of pugilism in his youth.

他在年轻时研究了拳击的艺术。

C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/

prognosticate

预测

Meaning

To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.

Example

Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.

专家们尝试预测选举结果。

B1 noun /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

publication

出版

Meaning

the act of making something publicly known or available

Example

The publication of the report sparked a debate.

报告的出版引发了辩论。

C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

实践主义

Meaning

A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.

Example

His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.

他的实践主义帮助解决了金融危机。

C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

父系名字

Meaning

a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor

Example

In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.

在许多文化中，姓氏源自父系名字。

C2 noun /ˈpriːskrɪpt/

prescript

规定

Meaning

An authoritative rule or direction; something laid down as a command.

Example

The prescript of the organization required strict punctuality.

该组织的规定要求严格的准时。

A2 noun /ˈpɒkɪt/

pocket

Meaning

a small, enclosed space in clothing for carrying items

Example

He put his phone in his pocket.