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C2 adjective /ˈpɔːrtli/

portly

肥胖
Meaning
Having a stout or somewhat fat body, often implying dignity or authority.
Example
The portly man entered the room with confidence.
那个肥胖的男人自信地走进房间。
C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsɪbəl/

prehensible

可抓取的
Meaning
capable of being grasped or seized
Example
The tool has a prehensible handle that improves safety.
这个工具有一个可抓取的把手，能提高安全性。
C2 adjective /ˈpɪd.lɪŋ/

Piddling

微不足道; 琐碎; 小数额
Meaning
trivial; insignificant; small in amount
Example
He was annoyed by the piddling amount of money he received.
他对他收到的微不足道的金额感到烦恼。
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

伪使徒
Meaning
a false or pretended apostle
Example
The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.
这位传教士被定为伪使徒。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛkəbl/

peccable

有罪的
Meaning
liable to sin or error; capable of doing wrong
Example
Humans are peccable, but they strive for goodness.
人类是有罪的，但他们努力向善。
C2 noun /ˈplænɪsfɪr/

planisphere

星图仪
Meaning
a rotating star chart used to display the visible stars for any time and date
Example
The astronomer used a planisphere to identify the constellations.
天文学家使用星图仪来识别星座。
C2 adjective /pʌŋkˈtɪliəs/

punctilious

一丝不苟
Meaning
Showing great attention to detail or correct behavior.
Example
She was punctilious in her attention to etiquette.
她对礼仪的关注非常一丝不苟。
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪsaɪd/

patricide

弑父
Meaning
The act of killing one's own father.
Example
The ancient myth describes a son committing patricide to take the throne.
古老的神话描述了一位儿子为了登上王位而弑父。
C2 noun /prəˈtɛktərət/

protectorate

保护国
Meaning
A state that is controlled and protected by another.
Example
The small country became a protectorate of the empire.
这个小国成为了帝国的保护国。
C2 noun/adjective /prɪˈsɪpɪtənt/

precipitant

沉淀剂
Meaning
As a noun: a substance that causes a substance to be deposited from a solution; as an adjective: acting hastily or impulsively.
Example
The chemist added a precipitant to the solution to observe the reaction.
化学家向溶液中加入了沉淀剂，以观察反应。
C2 adjective /ˌpluːˈpɜːrfɪkt/

pluperfect

过去完成时
Meaning
a verb tense expressing an action completed before another past action
Example
By the time she arrived, he had finished his homework, showing the pluperfect tense.
在她到达时，他已经完成了作业，展示了过去完成时。
C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

演讲结尾
Meaning
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
Example
The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.
政治家的演讲结尾让观众热烈鼓掌。
C2 noun /ˈfærɪsiː/

pharisee

伪君子
Meaning
A member of an ancient Jewish sect; by extension, a self-righteous or hypocritical person.
Example
He acted like a pharisee, judging others while ignoring his own faults.
他像个法利赛人一样行事，批评别人却忽视自己的错误。
C2 noun /ˌpɪəriəˈdɪsɪti/

periodicity

周期性
Meaning
The quality or state of being regular or recurring at intervals.
Example
The periodicity of the moon’s phases has fascinated humans for centuries.
月亮相位的周期性几个世纪以来一直吸引着人类。
C2 adjective /ˌprɛsɪˈdɛnʃəl/

precedential

先例的
Meaning
Relating to, or serving as, a precedent; having authority as an example.
Example
The court’s decision has precedential value.
法院的判决具有先例价值。
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

禁止的
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
禁止性的法律在该地区严格执行。
C2 verb /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/

presage

预兆
Meaning
to be a sign or warning that something will happen; to foreshadow
Example
Dark clouds presage a storm.
暗云预示着一场风暴。
C2 noun /ˈpɒntɪf/

pontiff

教皇或高级主教
Meaning
the pope or a high-ranking bishop in the Christian church
Example
The pontiff addressed the nation in a televised speech.
教皇在电视演讲中向国家发表讲话。
C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/

pauperism

贫困
Meaning
The state of being extremely poor.
Example
The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.
该国在19世纪与日益严重的贫困作斗争。
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

预感
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
他有强烈的预感，计划会失败。
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.i.mæθ/

polymath

博学者
Meaning
a person with knowledge of many different subjects
Example
Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath, excelling in art, science, and engineering.
列奥纳多·达·芬奇是一个真正的博学者，擅长艺术、科学和工程。
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意的
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
他们及时的救援被认为是天意的。
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.iˌθi.ɪz.əm/

polytheism

多神教
Meaning
the belief in or worship of multiple gods
Example
Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism, worshiping gods like Zeus and Athena.
古希腊人实践多神教，崇拜像宙斯和雅典娜这样的神灵。
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

第一位殉道者
Meaning
The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.
Example
St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.
圣斯蒂芬被称为基督教的原始殉道者。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

胸肌
Meaning
Relating to the chest or breast.
Example
The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.
运动员专注于增强他的胸肌。
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

putative

假定的
Meaning
commonly accepted or supposed; generally regarded as such
Example
He is the putative father of the child.
他是孩子的假定父亲。
C2 noun /ˌprɒdɪˈɡæləti/

prodigality

挥霍
Meaning
the quality of being wastefully extravagant
Example
His prodigality with money left him bankrupt.
他对金钱的挥霍让他破产。
C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsaɪl/

prehensile

可抓取的
Meaning
adapted for seizing or grasping, especially by wrapping around an object
Example
The monkey used its prehensile tail to hang from the branch.
猴子用它的抓握尾巴从树枝上挂下来。
C2 verb /ˈpɜː.fə.reɪt/

perforate

穿孔
Meaning
to make a hole or holes through something
Example
The machine can perforate sheets of paper for easy tearing.
机器可以穿孔纸张以便于撕裂。
C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

伪善的
Meaning
Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.
Example
His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.
他的伪善行为让人怀疑他的真诚。
C2 adjective /ˈpɔːntʃi/

paunchy

大肚子
Meaning
Having a large or protruding belly.
Example
The paunchy man struggled to button his shirt.
那个大肚子男人在努力扣上他的衬衫纽扣。
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

全体的
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
委员会召开了一个全体会议，讨论所有重要事项。
C2 verb /prəˈpaʊnd/

propound

提出
Meaning
To put forward an idea, theory, or point for consideration.
Example
The professor propounded a new theory on climate change.
教授提出了关于气候变化的新理论。
C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

悔诗
Meaning
a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work
Example
The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.
诗人写了一首悔诗，为自己之前的尖锐言辞道歉。
C2 noun /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstəns/

preexistence

预存在
Meaning
the state of existing before something else
Example
Philosophers often debated the preexistence of the soul.
哲学家们常常辩论灵魂的预存在。
C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

禁止
Meaning
to forbid something by law or authority
Example
The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.
新法律将禁止在农业中使用有害化学品。
C2 noun /ˈplɛntɪtjuːd/

plentitude

丰富
Meaning
the condition of being full or abundant
Example
The garden offered a plentitude of flowers in spring.
花园在春天提供了丰富的花卉。
C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

含鸦片的药物
Meaning
a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea
Example
Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.
医生曾经开具帕雷戈里克来治疗儿童的腹泻。
C2 noun /ˈpjuː.pɪ.lɪdʒ/

pupilage

学徒状态
Meaning
The state of being a pupil or under instruction.
Example
During his pupilage, he studied law under a senior barrister.
在他的学徒状态期间，他在一位资深律师的指导下学习了法律。
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrɪpəˈtɛtɪk/

peripatetic

流浪者
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or based on lifestyle.
Example
He led a peripatetic life as a traveling teacher.
他作为一名旅行教师过着流动的生活。
C2 adjective /pərˈfɜrvɪd/

perfervid

极其热情的
Meaning
intensely passionate or fervent
Example
She gave a perfervid speech in defense of human rights.
她在为人权辩护时发表了极其热情的演讲。
C2 adjective /flɛgˈmæt.ɪk/

phlegmatic

冷静的
Meaning
having an unemotional and stolidly calm disposition
Example
Despite the chaos, he remained phlegmatic and composed.
尽管混乱，他依然保持冷静和平静。
C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/

privity

私密关系, 合同关系
Meaning
A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.
Example
There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.
供应商和客户之间没有合同关系。
C2 noun /pɛlf/

pelf

不正当的钱
Meaning
Money, especially when gained dishonorably.
Example
The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.
腐败的官员仅仅是为了不正当的钱而动机。
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

繁荣 / 荣耀
Meaning
prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees
Example
He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.
他经常回忆起年轻时的繁荣日子。
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/

polemics

辩论
Meaning
the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute
Example
The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.
会议充满了关于经济改革的辩论。
C2 adjective, noun /pləˈbiːən/

plebeian

平民
Meaning
common, ordinary, or belonging to the lower social classes
Example
The festival was enjoyed by both plebeian and noble citizens.
这个节日被平民和贵族市民共同享受。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛneɪt/

pennate

羽毛状的
Meaning
Having parts or structures arranged like a feather; feather-shaped.
Example
The fern has a pennate leaf structure.
蕨类植物的叶片结构是羽毛状的。
C2 noun /pərˈdɪʃən/

perdition

幸福
Meaning
A state of eternal spiritual ruin, often referring to hell or damnation.
Example
The preacher warned that greed would lead to perdition.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福感。
C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

与教皇或主教相关的；浮夸的或自命不凡的
Meaning
relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important
Example
His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.
他的傲慢态度让委员会的其他成员感到不悦。
C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

牧羊主义, 以草为基础的放牧系统
Meaning
A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.
Example
Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.
牧羊主义是传统的牲畜管理方式。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

预先设定
Meaning
To establish or set up beforehand.
Example
Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.
在会议之前，一些规则已经预先设定。
C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/

pulverize

粉碎
Meaning
To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.
Example
The machine can pulverize stones into dust.
机器可以将石头粉碎成灰尘。
C2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃənɪst/

prohibitionist

禁酒主义者
Meaning
A person who supports or advocates prohibition, especially of alcohol.
Example
The prohibitionist campaigned against the sale of liquor in the town.
禁酒主义者在城里反对酒类销售的运动。
C2 noun /ˌsaɪ.kəʊˈɡræf.ɪks/

Psychographics

根据人们的态度、愿望和其他心理标准对人进行研究和分类
Meaning
The study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.
Example
Psychographics reveal consumer buying motives.
心理图谱揭示了消费者购买动机。
C2 noun /ˈpɪkəloʊ/

piccolo

小长笛
Meaning
a small flute, higher in pitch than the regular flute
Example
She played a lively tune on the piccolo during the concert.
她在音乐会期间吹奏了生动的皮科洛旋律。
C2 noun /ˈprɒsɪlaɪt/

proselyte

改信者
Meaning
A person who has converted from one belief, opinion, or religion to another.
Example
She became a proselyte after converting to a new faith.
她在转信到新的信仰后成为了一名改信者。
C2 adjective /ˈpʌdʒi/

pudgy

圆胖
Meaning
slightly fat or chubby in a way that is often cute
Example
The baby had pudgy cheeks that everyone adored.
这个宝宝有圆胖的脸颊，大家都很喜欢。
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃn/

perturbation

扰动
Meaning
A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.
Example
The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets.
公告导致了金融市场的扰动。
C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

胆小的
Meaning
showing a lack of courage or determination; timid
Example
The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.
那个胆小的领导人避免做出艰难的决定。
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

吝啬
Meaning
extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources
Example
His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.
他避免任何不必要的开支的方式明显体现了他的吝啬。
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

推定的
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
她是该党的推定候选人。
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt raɪt/

perquisiteperquisiteright

额外福利的权利
Meaning
a legal right to certain benefits or privileges associated with a job or office
Example
The judge enjoyed certain perquisite rights attached to his position.
法官享受了与其职位相关的某些额外福利。
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

五香粉
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
当她在油中加热五香粉时，香气充满了厨房。
C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

固执
Meaning
holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent
Example
The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.
固执的律师拒绝放弃案件。
C2 noun /pəˈræm.bjə.leɪ.tər/

Perambulator

婴儿车
Meaning
a four-wheeled carriage for a baby; baby stroller or pram
Example
She pushed the perambulator through the park while the baby slept peacefully.
她推着婴儿车穿过公园，而婴儿安静地睡着。
C2 noun /prɔːŋ/

prong

叉子的尖端
Meaning
a projecting pointed part, such as one of the pointed ends of a fork
Example
The fork has four prongs.
叉子有四个尖端。
C2 adjective /prɪˈmɒnɪtəri/ or /ˌpriːməˈnɪtəri/

premonitory

前兆
Meaning
giving a warning or prediction about something, especially something unpleasant
Example
He ignored the premonitory signs of illness.
他忽视了疾病的前兆。
C2 noun /pəˈtruːn/

poltroon

懦夫
Meaning
a cowardly person
Example
He acted like a poltroon during the crisis.
他在危机中像个懦夫一样表现。
C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/

puissance

权力
Meaning
Great power, strength, or influence.
Example
The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.
帝国通过庞大的军队展现了其权力。
C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌplæzəm/

protoplasm

原生质
Meaning
The living substance inside a cell, including the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Example
Scientists observed the movement of protoplasm under the microscope.
科学家在显微镜下观察了原生质的运动。
C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

条纹的
Meaning
striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry
Example
The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.
骑士的盾牌上装饰着红色和金色的条纹。
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

生物分类中的主要类别，高于类，低于界
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
人类属于脊索动物门。
C2 verb /ˈprætəl/

prattle

喋喋不休
Meaning
to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
Example
The children would prattle on about their games.
孩子们会不停地谈论他们的游戏。
C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

与开放海洋相关
Meaning
Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.
Example
Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.
像金枪鱼这样的深海鱼类通常在离海岸很远的地方发现。
C2 adjective /ˈprɪɡɪʃ/

priggish

自以为是的道德主义者
Meaning
self-righteously moralistic and superior
Example
He came across as priggish when correcting everyone's manners.
当他纠正每个人的行为时，他显得很自以为是的道德主义者。
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

phytonutrients

植物营养素
Meaning
Bioactive compounds found in plants that have health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Example
Green tea contains powerful phytonutrients.
绿茶含有强大的植物营养素。
C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

发布
Meaning
To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.
Example
The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.
政府发布了关于数据隐私的新规定。
C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/

prognostication

预言
Meaning
The act of foretelling or predicting future events.
Example
The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.
占星师的预言吸引了观众。
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsɪflɑːʒ/

persiflage

轻微的讽刺
Meaning
light and slightly contemptuous mockery or banter
Example
Their conversation was full of persiflage and jokes.
他们的对话充满了轻微的讽刺和笑话。
C2 noun /ˈprɒsədi/

prosody

韵律学
Meaning
The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry and speech.
Example
The professor explained how prosody affects the mood of a poem.
教授解释了韵律学如何影响诗歌的情绪。
C2 noun /ˌpænəˈdʒɪrɪk/

panegyric

赞美诗, 颂辞
Meaning
a formal speech or piece of writing in praise of someone or something
Example
The author wrote a panegyric on the bravery of the soldiers.
作者写了一篇关于士兵英勇的潘尼吉里克。
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

强大的
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
国王是一个强大的统治者，他的话就是法律。
C2 verb /ˈpʌkər/

pucker

Meaning
to tighten or contract into small folds or wrinkles
Example
She puckered her lips before kissing the child.
C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

语言学家
Meaning
a person who studies languages and their history
Example
The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.
语言学家分析了古代文献，以理解语言的演变。
C2 noun /ˈpɛntæd/

pentad

五个一组
Meaning
A group or set of five things.
Example
The committee was divided into a pentad of working groups.
委员会被分成了五个工作小组。
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/

picaresque

流氓英雄的故事
Meaning
relating to a style of fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish hero
Example
The novel is a picaresque tale of a clever vagabond.
这本小说是一个聪明流浪汉的皮卡雷斯克故事。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛstɪlənt/

pestilent

致命的
Meaning
Causing or tending to cause death or destruction; harmful or pernicious.
Example
The pestilent atmosphere of the swamp made people sick.
沼泽的致命气氛让人们生病。
C2 noun /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/

plebiscite

公民投票
Meaning
a direct vote by the electorate on an important public question
Example
The government held a plebiscite to decide on the new constitution.
政府举行了公民投票，决定新的宪法。
C2 adjective /pəˈlɛmɪkəl/

polemical

争议的
Meaning
relating to or involving strongly critical or controversial writing or speech
Example
She wrote a polemical article challenging traditional beliefs.
她写了一篇挑战传统信仰的争议文章。
C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

教师
Meaning
a teacher, especially a strict or formal one
Example
The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.
那位老教育学家坚持在课堂上纪律。
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

倾向
Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
她有学习新语言的倾向。
C2 adjective /ˈprɑːflɪɡət/

profligate

挥霍无度
Meaning
recklessly extravagant or wasteful in resources
Example
The king was known for his profligate lifestyle.
国王以奢侈的生活方式而闻名。
C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

仔细阅读
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
合同已交给律师以供仔细阅读。
C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

小船
Meaning
a small boat, often carried by a larger ship
Example
The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.
水手们用小船到达了岸边。
C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

三角山墙
Meaning
a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture
Example
The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.
古老的寺庙有一个装饰着雕塑的山墙。
C2 verb /fɪˈlændər/

philander

调情
Meaning
to engage in casual or frivolous romantic or sexual relationships
Example
He was known to philander with many women in town.
他以与城里许多女性交往而闻名。
C2 noun /proʊˈskrɪp.ʃən/

proscription

禁令
Meaning
the act of forbidding something, especially by law
Example
The proscription of child labor is an important human rights achievement.
禁止童工劳动是人权的重要成就。
C2 noun /ˈpɛdənt/

pedant

书呆子
Meaning
A person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules, often in a showy way.
Example
The professor was criticized as a pedant who focused too much on trivial details.
教授被批评为一个书呆子，他过于关注微不足道的细节。
C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/

pentagram

五角星
Meaning
A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.
Example
The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.
魔法师在地板上画了一个五角星，作为仪式的一部分。
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

祖先
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
研究人员追溯了这个习俗，发现它源自一个共同的祖先。
C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/

preemption

优先购买权
Meaning
The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.
Example
The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.
公司行使优先购买权，在竞争对手之前购买了土地。
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

纵火的失控欲望
Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
嫌疑人在多次纵火事件后被诊断为纵火狂。
C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

晋升
Meaning
promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office
Example
He hoped for preferment in the government office.
他希望在政府办公室得到晋升。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

提前存在
Meaning
to exist beforehand or before something else
Example
These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.
这些习俗早于现代技术的到来而存在。
C2 adjective /ˌprɒfɪˈlæktɪk/

prophylactic

预防性
Meaning
intended to prevent disease or an unwanted outcome; protective
Example
The doctor prescribed a prophylactic treatment to prevent infection.
医生开了预防性治疗以防止感染。
C2 adjective /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/

pejorative

贬义的
Meaning
Expressing contempt or disapproval.
Example
He used pejorative terms to insult his opponents.
他用贬义的词语侮辱他的对手。
C2 noun /prɪˈhɛnʃən/

prehension

抓握的动作; 抓住某物的能力
Meaning
the act of grasping or seizing; the ability to take hold of something
Example
Therapists assessed the patient's prehension during hand therapy.
治疗师在手部治疗中评估了患者的抓握能力。
C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

地貌学
Meaning
the study of the physical features of the earth's surface
Example
He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.
他专攻地貌学，以了解该地区的景观。
C2 verb /priːˈdɛstɪn/

predestine

预定
Meaning
to determine or decide something in advance, often regarded as being fixed by fate or divine will
Example
They believed their paths were predestined by fate.
他们相信他们的道路是命运注定的。
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

植物化学物质
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
绿茶中的植物化学物质有助于减少炎症。
C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

餐后
Meaning
Occurring after a meal.
Example
He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.
他在晚餐后去散步。
C2 noun /pɪˈnɒlədʒi/

penology

监狱学
Meaning
The study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
Example
He decided to specialize in penology to help improve the prison system.
他决定专攻监狱学，以帮助改善监狱系统。
C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

具体说明
Meaning
to mention or describe something in detail
Example
The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.
证人被要求详细叙述那个夜晚的事件。
C2 adjective /ˈpruːdɪʃ/

prudish

过于拘谨的
Meaning
having or revealing a tendency to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity
Example
She was too prudish to watch the movie with her friends.
她太拘谨了，不愿和朋友一起看电影。
C2 verb /preɪt/

prate

喋喋不休
Meaning
to talk foolishly or at tedious length about something
Example
He would prate endlessly about his minor achievements.
他会不停地谈论他的微小成就。
C2 noun /ˈpæntəˌskoʊp/

pantoscope

提供广泛或全景视图的光学仪器
Meaning
An optical instrument that provides a wide or panoramic view.
Example
The scientist used a pantoscope to observe the entire horizon.
科学家使用全景镜观察整个地平线。
C2 noun /ˈpeɪpəsi/

papacy

教皇职位
Meaning
The office or authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
The papacy played a significant role in medieval European politics.
教皇职位在中世纪欧洲政治中发挥了重要作用。
C2 adjective /prəˈvaɪzəri/

provisory

临时的
Meaning
conditional; depending on certain terms being met
Example
The arrangement was only provisory until the final contract was signed.
该安排只是临时的，直到最终合同签署。
C2 adjective /ˈpæsɪbəl/

passible

能够感知; 易受痛苦
Meaning
capable of feeling or suffering; susceptible to sensation or emotion (often theological)
Example
In some traditions, deities are described as passible, sharing human emotions.
在一些传统中，神被描述为能够感知，分享人类情感。
C2 adjective /ˈproʊtiən/

protean

多变的
Meaning
tending or able to change frequently or easily; versatile
Example
She is a protean artist who experiments with many styles.
她是一位多变的艺术家，尝试许多不同的风格。