C2 noun /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtæs.tər/

poetaster

一个劣质或琐碎的诗人

Meaning

an inferior or trivial poet

Example

He was mocked as a poetaster by the literary critics.

他被文学评论家当作诗人废物嘲笑。

C2 verb /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/

presage

预兆

Meaning

to be a sign or warning that something will happen; to foreshadow

Example

Dark clouds presage a storm.

暗云预示着一场风暴。

C2 noun /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstəns/

preexistence

预存在

Meaning

the state of existing before something else

Example

Philosophers often debated the preexistence of the soul.

哲学家们常常辩论灵魂的预存在。

C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

地貌学

Meaning

the study of the physical features of the earth's surface

Example

He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.

他专攻地貌学，以了解该地区的景观。

C2 adjective /pʌŋkˈtɪliəs/

punctilious

一丝不苟

Meaning

Showing great attention to detail or correct behavior.

Example

She was punctilious in her attention to etiquette.

她对礼仪的关注非常一丝不苟。

C2 adjective /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒrɪkəl/

phantasmagorical

幻想的

Meaning

Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.

Example

The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world.

这部电影创造了另一个世界的幻想。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkəˈdɪloʊ/

peccadillo

小错误

Meaning

a small or minor fault or sin

Example

Forgetting to call was just a small peccadillo, not a serious mistake.

忘记打电话只是一个小错误，不是一个严重的错误。

C2 adjective /ˈprɒɡnəθəs/

prognathous

前突颌骨

Meaning

Having jaws that project forward beyond the rest of the face.

Example

The fossil displayed a distinctly prognathous skull structure.

化石展示了一个明显的前突颌骨结构。

C2 noun /ˌprɛsiˈɒsɪti/

preciosity

过度的精致

Meaning

Excessive refinement or affected elegance in language, style, or behavior.

Example

The author's preciosity made the novel difficult to read for some audiences.

作者的过度精致使得这本小说对于一些读者来说很难阅读。

C2 noun /prəˈfʌn.dɪ.ti/

profundity

深度或洞察力

Meaning

Deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought.

Example

The profundity of his words left a lasting impact.

他的话深度留下了持久的影响。

C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

禁止的

Meaning

Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.

Example

The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.

禁止性的法律在该地区严格执行。

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

集邮家

Meaning

a person who collects or studies postage stamps

Example

The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.

这位集邮家花了多年时间建立了一个稀有的邮票收藏。

C2 adjective /ˈplɛntɪəs/

plenteous

丰富

Meaning

existing in great quantity; abundant

Example

The harvest was plenteous, providing enough food for the entire village.

收成丰富，为整个村庄提供了足够的食物。

C2 adjective /ˌpluːˈpɜːrfɪkt/

pluperfect

过去完成时

Meaning

a verb tense expressing an action completed before another past action

Example

By the time she arrived, he had finished his homework, showing the pluperfect tense.

在她到达时，他已经完成了作业，展示了过去完成时。

C2 adjective /ˈprɛfətɔːri/

prefatory

前言

Meaning

serving as an introduction or preface

Example

He made some prefatory remarks before the lecture began.

他在讲座开始前做了一些前言性的评论。

C2 verb /ˌpriːɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

preengage

预先雇佣

Meaning

To contract or engage beforehand; to arrange in advance.

Example

The workers were preengaged before the project officially started.

项目正式开始前，工人们已被预先雇佣。

C2 verb /ˈpɒntɪfɪkeɪt/

pontificate

自负或武断地讲话或行动；担任教皇职务

Meaning

to speak or act in a pompous or dogmatic way; to officiate as a pontiff

Example

He pontificated on the importance of education for over an hour.

他在一个小时内讲述了教育的重要性。

C2 noun /ˈpɔːrfəri/

porphyry

一种硬的火成岩

Meaning

A hard igneous rock containing crystals, often used for decorative or building purposes.

Example

The ancient Romans used porphyry to make columns and statues.

古罗马人使用波斐里石制作柱子和雕像。

C2 adjective /pərˈsɪpiənt/

percipient

有洞察力的

Meaning

Having good understanding or insight; able to perceive things clearly.

Example

As a percipient critic, she recognized the deeper meaning of the play.

作为一名有洞察力的评论家，她认出了戏剧的更深层意义。

C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

倾向

Meaning

A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.

Example

She has a proclivity for learning new languages.

她有学习新语言的倾向。

C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

祖先

Meaning

a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something

Example

Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.

研究人员追溯了这个习俗，发现它源自一个共同的祖先。

C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

修道院

Meaning

a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress

Example

The old priory was converted into a museum.

那个古老的修道院被改造成了博物馆。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrvjuː/

purview

范围

Meaning

the scope or range of authority, responsibility, or knowledge

Example

The case does not fall within the purview of this court.

这个案件不在这个法院的管辖范围内。

C2 adjective /ˈpɪd.lɪŋ/

Piddling

微不足道; 琐碎; 小数额

Meaning

trivial; insignificant; small in amount

Example

He was annoyed by the piddling amount of money he received.

他对他收到的微不足道的金额感到烦恼。

C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

花色的

Meaning

having two or more different colors, typically in blotches

Example

The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.

这只斑猫身上有黑白色的斑点。

C2 verb /ˈpɜː.fə.reɪt/

perforate

穿孔

Meaning

to make a hole or holes through something

Example

The machine can perforate sheets of paper for easy tearing.

机器可以穿孔纸张以便于撕裂。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːr.kə.tri/

parquetry

铺设镶木地板的艺术

Meaning

The art or technique of laying parquet floors.

Example

The craftsman specialized in parquetry for luxury homes.

工匠专门为豪华住宅铺设镶木地板。

C2 noun /prɪˈsɛʃən/

precession

进动

Meaning

The slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis, often referring to Earth's rotation.

Example

Astronomers study the precession of the equinoxes.

天文学家研究春分点的进动。

C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/

pulverize

粉碎

Meaning

To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.

Example

The machine can pulverize stones into dust.

机器可以将石头粉碎成灰尘。

C2 noun /pɒmˈpɒsəti/

pomposity

自大, 傲慢

Meaning

self-important behavior or exaggerated dignity

Example

His speech was full of pomposity and arrogance.

他的演讲充满了自大和傲慢。

C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/

puissance

权力

Meaning

Great power, strength, or influence.

Example

The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.

帝国通过庞大的军队展现了其权力。

C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

全体的

Meaning

complete in every way; fully attended or absolute

Example

The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.

委员会召开了一个全体会议，讨论所有重要事项。

C2 verb /preɪt/

prate

喋喋不休

Meaning

to talk foolishly or at tedious length about something

Example

He would prate endlessly about his minor achievements.

他会不停地谈论他的微小成就。

C2 noun /foʊˈtɑːmɪtri/

photometry

光测量科学

Meaning

the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human eyes

Example

Photometry helps in designing efficient lighting systems.

光度测量学帮助设计高效的照明系统。

C2 adverb /pəˈfɔːs/

perforce

不可避免地

Meaning

by necessity; inevitably

Example

He had to perforce accept the decision.

他不得不不可避免地接受这个决定。

C2 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ɪ.zəm/

pantheism

泛神论

Meaning

The belief that God and the universe are identical, or that everything is a manifestation of God.

Example

Spinoza’s philosophy is often associated with pantheism.

斯宾诺莎的哲学常与泛神论相关联。

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.i/

philately

邮票收藏学

Meaning

the collection and study of postage stamps

Example

Philately is a hobby enjoyed by people of all ages.

邮票收藏学是一项各年龄段人群都喜爱的爱好。

C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

全套装备

Meaning

A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.

Example

The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.

博物馆展示了一套古代武器的全套装备。

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈnɔɪæk/

paranoiac

偏执的人

Meaning

A person who suffers from paranoia or exhibits extreme, irrational distrust and suspicion.

Example

The paranoiac refused to leave his house, fearing everyone was against him.

这个偏执的人拒绝离开家，因为他害怕每个人都反对他。

C2 noun /pəˈlæv.ər/

palaver

无意义的讨论 / 喧嚣

Meaning

prolonged and idle discussion; fuss or unnecessary talk

Example

After much palaver, they finally agreed on the plan.

经过长时间的无意义讨论后，他们最终同意了计划。

C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/

promissory

承诺的

Meaning

Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.

Example

He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.

他签署了还款承诺书。

C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

挪用公款

Meaning

The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.

Example

The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.

部长在被指控参与挪用公款后辞职。

C2 noun /ˈfoʊ.nə.ɡræm/

phonogram

音标符号

Meaning

a written symbol representing a speech sound

Example

The teacher showed how each phonogram represents a particular sound.

老师展示了每个音标符号如何代表特定的声音。

C2 noun /ˈfɪl.ə.dʒɪ.nɪst/

philogynist

一个热爱或钦佩女性的人

Meaning

a person who loves or admires women

Example

As a known philogynist, he advocated for women's education.

作为一位著名的菲洛吉尼斯特，他倡导女性的教育。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːrsɪmoʊni/

parsimony

吝啬

Meaning

extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources

Example

His parsimony was evident in the way he avoided any unnecessary expenses.

他避免任何不必要的开支的方式明显体现了他的吝啬。

C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

情人

Meaning

a lover, especially an illicit one

Example

The secret paramour was finally revealed.

秘密情人终于被揭露。

C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

奶酪

Meaning

Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk

Example

The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.

厨师通过用柠檬汁凝固温热的牛奶，制作了新鲜的奶酪。

C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

廉洁

Meaning

The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.

Example

The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.

法官因其正直和廉洁而受到赞赏。

C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

晋升

Meaning

promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office

Example

He hoped for preferment in the government office.

他希望在政府办公室得到晋升。

C2 adjective /ˈpɛneɪt/

pennate

羽毛状的

Meaning

Having parts or structures arranged like a feather; feather-shaped.

Example

The fern has a pennate leaf structure.

蕨类植物的叶片结构是羽毛状的。

C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

纵火的失控欲望

Meaning

An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.

Example

The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.

嫌疑人在多次纵火事件后被诊断为纵火狂。

C2 verb /pɔːrˈtɛnd/

portend

预示

Meaning

To be a sign or warning that something, especially something bad, is going to happen.

Example

Dark clouds portend a storm.

暗云预示着暴风雨。

C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

行话

Meaning

a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group

Example

In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.

在法律行话中，这个术语有不同的含义。

C2 noun /ˌpætrəˈnɪmɪk/

patronymic

父系名字

Meaning

a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor

Example

In many cultures, surnames are patronymic in origin.

在许多文化中，姓氏源自父系名字。

C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

悔诗

Meaning

a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work

Example

The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.

诗人写了一首悔诗，为自己之前的尖锐言辞道歉。

C2 noun /ˈpʌlkrɪˌtjuːd/

pulchritude

美丽

Meaning

physical beauty

Example

The actress was admired for her pulchritude as well as her talent.

这位女演员因她的美丽和才华而受到钦佩。

C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

杂乱无章

Meaning

In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.

Example

The children ran pell-mell through the playground.

孩子们在游乐场里杂乱无章地奔跑。

C2 verb /priːˈdɛstɪn/

predestine

预定

Meaning

to determine or decide something in advance, often regarded as being fixed by fate or divine will

Example

They believed their paths were predestined by fate.

他们相信他们的道路是命运注定的。

C2 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɪɡmətɪk/

paradigmatic

典范的

Meaning

Serving as a typical example or model of something.

Example

Her success story is paradigmatic of the opportunities education can provide.

她的成功故事是教育可以提供的机会的典范。

C2 noun /ˈpɪkəloʊ/

piccolo

小长笛

Meaning

a small flute, higher in pitch than the regular flute

Example

She played a lively tune on the piccolo during the concert.

她在音乐会期间吹奏了生动的皮科洛旋律。

C2 noun /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/

perspicacity

洞察力

Meaning

Sharp insight, keen understanding and discernment.

Example

Her perspicacity in business decisions led to success.

她在商业决策中的洞察力带来了成功。

C2 adjective /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

putative

假定的

Meaning

commonly accepted or supposed; generally regarded as such

Example

He is the putative father of the child.

他是孩子的假定父亲。

C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

伪善的

Meaning

Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.

Example

His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.

他的伪善行为让人怀疑他的真诚。

C2 verb /ˈpɜːrdʒər/

perjure

作伪证

Meaning

To knowingly tell a lie in a court of law after swearing to tell the truth.

Example

He was accused of trying to perjure himself during the trial.

他被指控在审判过程中试图作伪证。

C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

偷窃

Meaning

to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way

Example

He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.

他试图从图书馆偷一本书，而没有被注意到。

C2 noun /prɪˈhɛnʃən/

prehension

抓握的动作; 抓住某物的能力

Meaning

the act of grasping or seizing; the ability to take hold of something

Example

Therapists assessed the patient's prehension during hand therapy.

治疗师在手部治疗中评估了患者的抓握能力。

C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

语言学家

Meaning

a person who studies languages and their history

Example

The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.

语言学家分析了古代文献，以理解语言的演变。

C2 noun /pərˈdɪʃən/

perdition

幸福

Meaning

A state of eternal spiritual ruin, often referring to hell or damnation.

Example

The preacher warned that greed would lead to perdition.

当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福感。

C2 adjective /ˈprʊəriənt/

prurient

淫荡

Meaning

having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters

Example

The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.

这本杂志因其淫荡内容而受到批评。

C2 adjective /pʌɡˈneɪʃəs/

pugnacious

好斗的

Meaning

Having a quarrelsome or combative nature; eager to fight.

Example

His pugnacious attitude often got him into trouble.

他好斗的态度常常让他陷入麻烦。

C2 noun /ˈpærəpɛt/

parapet

防护墙

Meaning

A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, balcony, or bridge.

Example

The soldier hid behind the parapet for protection.

士兵躲在防护墙后面以保障安全。

C2 adjective /ˈpruːdɪʃ/

prudish

过于拘谨的

Meaning

having or revealing a tendency to be easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity

Example

She was too prudish to watch the movie with her friends.

她太拘谨了，不愿和朋友一起看电影。

C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

土壤学

Meaning

The study of soils in their natural environment.

Example

Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.

土壤学帮助科学家理解土壤的肥力。

C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意的

Meaning

occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention

Example

Their timely rescue was considered providential.

他们及时的救援被认为是天意的。

C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

哲学

Meaning

to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence

Example

He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.

他喜欢谈论生活及其意义。

C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

牲畜食物

Meaning

food or provisions, especially for livestock

Example

The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.

谷仓里装满了牲畜的食物。

C2 noun /ˈpær.əkˌsɪz.əm/

paroxysm

突如其来的爆发

Meaning

A sudden, violent outburst of emotion or activity.

Example

She was seized by a paroxysm of laughter.

她被一阵突如其来的笑声席卷。

C2 noun /ˈpæntəˌskoʊp/

pantoscope

提供广泛或全景视图的光学仪器

Meaning

An optical instrument that provides a wide or panoramic view.

Example

The scientist used a pantoscope to observe the entire horizon.

科学家使用全景镜观察整个地平线。

C2 adjective /pərˈsuːənt/

pursuant

根据

Meaning

in accordance with or following something, especially a law or rule

Example

The decision was made pursuant to the regulations.

决定是根据规定做出的。

C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

推定的

Meaning

Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.

Example

She is the presumptive nominee for the party.

她是该党的推定候选人。

C2 noun /ˈpɛdɪmənt/

pediment

三角山墙

Meaning

a triangular gable found above the horizontal structure of a building, often in classical architecture

Example

The ancient temple had a pediment decorated with sculptures.

古老的寺庙有一个装饰着雕塑的山墙。

C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

固执

Meaning

holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent

Example

The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.

固执的律师拒绝放弃案件。

C2 adjective /prɪˈpɒndərənt/

preponderant

主要的

Meaning

Having superior weight, force, influence, or importance.

Example

The preponderant influence of the media shapes public opinion.

媒体的主要影响塑造了公众舆论。

C2 noun /pɜːrtʃt raɪs/

Perched rice

膨化米

Meaning

puffed rice; rice that has been heated and puffed into light, crispy grains

Example

I enjoy eating puffed rice as a healthy snack.

我喜欢把膨化米当作健康的小吃。

C2 noun /ˈfeɪlæŋks/

phalanx

方阵

Meaning

A group of people or things arranged in a compact, close formation; also an ancient Greek military formation.

Example

A phalanx of reporters waited outside the courthouse.

一群记者在法院外等候。

C2 noun /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃn/

perturbation

扰动

Meaning

A state of anxiety, disturbance, or disorder.

Example

The announcement caused a perturbation in the financial markets.

公告导致了金融市场的扰动。

C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

极度贫穷

Meaning

extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly

Example

The penurious family struggled to buy food.

那个极度贫穷的家庭艰难地购买食物。

C2 noun /ˈpɪərɪdʒ/

peerage

贵族身份

Meaning

the title or rank of a peer; the nobility as a group

Example

He was elevated to the peerage by the king.

他被国王提升为贵族身份。

C2 adjective /ˈproʊtiən/

protean

多变的

Meaning

tending or able to change frequently or easily; versatile

Example

She is a protean artist who experiments with many styles.

她是一位多变的艺术家，尝试许多不同的风格。

C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

可分割的

Meaning

capable of being divided or separated

Example

The estate was partible among the heirs.

这项财产可以在继承人之间分割。

C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

餐后

Meaning

Occurring after a meal.

Example

He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.

他在晚餐后去散步。

C2 noun /ˌpriːdɪˈlɛkʃən/

predilection

偏好

Meaning

A strong liking or preference for something.

Example

She has a predilection for classical music.

她有一个偏好，喜欢古典音乐。

C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

使用笔名

Meaning

the practice or state of using a pseudonym

Example

The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.

这位作者在整个职业生涯中一直使用笔名。

C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

肿块

Meaning

A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.

Example

The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.

医生检查了他手臂上的小肿块。

C2 noun /ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt raɪt/

perquisiteperquisiteright

额外福利的权利

Meaning

a legal right to certain benefits or privileges associated with a job or office

Example

The judge enjoyed certain perquisite rights attached to his position.

法官享受了与其职位相关的某些额外福利。

C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪti/

polity

政治，政府形式

Meaning

an organized society or form of government

Example

The ancient Greek polity had a system of city-states.

古希腊的政治有一个城邦制度。

C2 noun /proʊˈbɑːsɪs/

proboscis

象鼻

Meaning

The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.

Example

The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.

大象用它的象鼻抓食物。

C2 noun /ˈproʊtoʊˌmɑːrtɚ/

protomartyr

第一位殉道者

Meaning

The first martyr in a cause or religion, often referring to the first Christian martyr.

Example

St. Stephen is known as the protomartyr of Christianity.

圣斯蒂芬被称为基督教的原始殉道者。

C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

瘟疫

Meaning

A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.

Example

The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.

中世纪的城市被瘟疫摧毁。

C2 noun /pəˈræm.bjə.leɪ.tər/

Perambulator

婴儿车

Meaning

a four-wheeled carriage for a baby; baby stroller or pram

Example

She pushed the perambulator through the park while the baby slept peacefully.

她推着婴儿车穿过公园，而婴儿安静地睡着。

C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/

polemics

辩论

Meaning

the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute

Example

The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.

会议充满了关于经济改革的辩论。

C2 adjective /njuːˈmætɪk/

pneumatic

气动的

Meaning

operated by air or gas under pressure

Example

The factory uses pneumatic tools for assembly.

工厂使用气动工具进行组装。

C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

仔细阅读

Meaning

The action of reading or examining something carefully.

Example

The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.

合同已交给律师以供仔细阅读。

赞扬

Meaning

an expression of praise or approval

Example

The actor received plaudit for his outstanding performance.

演员因其出色的表现获得了赞扬。