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C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

原告
Meaning
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit
Example
The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.
原告对公司提起了诉讼。
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

所有者
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
土地的所有者建造了一座新房。
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

动人, 深刻
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
这部电影的结尾如此动人，以至于许多观众都感动得流泪。
C1 verb /prəˈfes/

profess

宣称
Meaning
to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief
Example
He professes his love for classical music.
他宣称自己热爱古典音乐。
C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

客套话
Meaning
a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes
Example
They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.
他们在会议开始前交换了客套话。
C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

双关语
Meaning
A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.
Example
He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.
他在面包店关于面包发酵的玩笑中巧妙地运用了双关语。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

简洁而有意义
Meaning
concise and meaningful; full of substance
Example
She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.
她给出了一个简洁的评论，完美地总结了问题。
C1 verb /pɑːrs/

parse

语法分析
Meaning
to analyze a sentence or text grammatically or logically
Example
The software can parse large amounts of text data efficiently.
该软件可以高效地解析大量文本数据。
C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

语音的
Meaning
relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics
Example
Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.
孩子们学习语音规则，以准确阅读新单词。
C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

Meaning
To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.
Example
The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.
C1 verb /pərˈteɪn/

pertain

涉及
Meaning
to relate or have reference to something
Example
The rules pertain to all students in the school.
这些规则适用于学校的所有学生。
C1 adjective পারসিভেবল

perceivable

可察觉的
Meaning
Able to be seen, noticed, or detected.
Example
The changes in winter weather are perceivable in rural areas.
冬季天气的变化在农村地区是可察觉的。
C1 noun /peɪˈiː/

payee

收款人
Meaning
A person to whom money is paid or is to be paid.
Example
The payee must sign the check before cashing it.
收款人在兑现支票前必须签名。
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

极化的
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
辩论使社区在气候变化问题上分裂。
C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

麻痹
Meaning
to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally
Example
The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.
突如其来的冲击似乎使他麻痹。
C1 noun /ˈpɛndənt/

pendant

吊坠
Meaning
a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck
Example
She wore a silver pendant around her neck.
她戴着一个银色的吊坠在脖子上。
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

海豚
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
海豚优雅地跃出水面。
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

精神病
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
病人在经历了幻觉之后被诊断为精神病。
C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

易怒的
Meaning
Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.
Example
The child grew peevish when denied candy.
孩子因没得到糖果而变得易怒。
C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

一根大而柔软的羽毛，或者类似羽毛的东西
Meaning
a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather
Example
The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.
士兵戴着一根红色羽毛在他的头盔上。
C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

个性化, 定制化
Meaning
The action of making something personal or individual; customization.
Example
Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.
营销中的个性化提升了客户的参与度。
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

辛辣
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
厨师在菜肴中加入了辛辣的酱汁，以增强其味道。
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

撅嘴
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
孩子没得到玩具时开始撅嘴。
C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/

Proverb

幸福
Meaning
a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice
Example
The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

幸福
Meaning
To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.
Example
The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

可接受的
Meaning
good enough to be accepted, though not excellent
Example
The road is barely passable after the storm.
风暴过后，路几乎无法通行。
C1 verb /prɪˈkluːd/

preclude

阻止
Meaning
To prevent something from happening; to make impossible.
Example
Heavy rain precluded the possibility of a picnic.
大雨阻止了野餐的可能性。
C1 noun /ˈpʊlpɪt/

pulpit

讲道台
Meaning
a raised platform in a church from which the preacher delivers a sermon
Example
The pastor stood at the pulpit to address the congregation.
牧师站在讲道台上向会众致辞。
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

协议；契约
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
两国签署了一项和平协议以结束战争。
C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平价
Meaning
the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay
Example
The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.
这项运动旨在实现男女之间的工资平等。
C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

理工学院
Meaning
an educational institution offering practical and technical courses
Example
She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.
她在她所在城市的知名理工学院学习工程学。
C1 adjective /prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/

Provoking

挑衅的
Meaning
causing anger or strong reaction; irritating; stimulating
Example
His provoking comments made everyone angry.
他挑衅的评论让每个人都生气了。
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

危险的, 危险的, 不安全的
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
探险家们进行了危险的旅行。
C1 noun /plaɪt/

Plight

困境; 困难的处境
Meaning
a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation
Example
The refugees were in a desperate plight.
难民们处于绝望的困境中。
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

虚伪，假装
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
他的假装是专家的伪装很快被揭穿了。
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

困扰
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
人们受到焦虑和抑郁的困扰。
C1 noun, adjective /ˌpəʊstˈmɔːtəm/

postmortem

尸体解剖
Meaning
An examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.
Example
The doctor carried out a postmortem on the body.
医生对尸体进行了尸体解剖。
C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

父亲的
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a father.
Example
He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.
他对男孩的教育表现出父亲般的兴趣。
C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

体型
Meaning
the form, size, and development of a person's body
Example
He has an athletic physique due to years of training.
他通过多年的训练有着运动员般的体型。
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

变态
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
他从使同事不安中获得变态的快乐。
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

旗帜
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
队伍骄傲地举起了冠军旗帜。
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

修整
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
她在镜子前修整自己，然后去派对。
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

与身体功能和活动相关
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
运动改善身体的生理功能。
C1 noun prəˈtɛk.ʃə.nɪ.zəm

protectionism

保护主义
Meaning
The theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.
Example
The government's protectionism helped local businesses grow.
政府的保护主义帮助了本地企业的成长。
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

开创性任务
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
阿耳忒弥斯是一次开创性的太空探索任务。
C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

全景视图
Meaning
An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.
Example
From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.
从山顶，我们欣赏到城市的壮丽全景。
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

优先
Meaning
the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority
Example
Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.
在这个工厂中，安全优先于速度。
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

逐步淘汰
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
达成了逐步淘汰化石燃料的协议。
C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

基于概率
Meaning
Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.
Example
The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.
该模型采用概率方法进行预测。
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

非常小心
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
艺术家以极其细致的方式完成了这个项目。
C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

倾向
Meaning
Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.
Example
She is predisposed to trust people easily.
她容易轻易相信别人。
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
病理学的进展帮助医生迅速识别罕见的感染。
C1 noun /ˈpær.ət biːk/

Parrot Beak

鹦鹉嘴
Meaning
a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak
Example
The parrot beak flower's unique curved shape makes it a fascinating addition to any garden.
鹦鹉嘴花独特的弯曲形状使它成为任何花园中迷人的补充。
C1 adjective /pəˈroʊkiəl/

parochial

狭隘的
Meaning
Having a limited or narrow outlook; relating to a parish.
Example
His parochial view prevented him from understanding global issues.
他狭隘的观点使他无法理解全球性问题。
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

监考员
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
监考员提醒学生关闭手机。
C1 noun /pəˈvɪliən/

pavilion

展馆
Meaning
A large tent or temporary building, often used for events or exhibitions.
Example
The wedding reception was held in a decorated pavilion.
婚礼接待在一个装饰精美的展馆中举行。
C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

精准农业
Meaning
The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.
Example
Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.
精准农业优化资源使用并提高效率。
C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

传播, 宣传
Meaning
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
Example
The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.
通过社交媒体传播思想的速度非常快。
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

神童
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
莫扎特是一个音乐神童。
C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

普遍的
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
普遍的技术已成为日常生活的重要组成部分。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

幸福
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
当她获得奖项时，她无法隐藏自己的幸福。
C1 noun /ˈfiː.nɪks/

phoenix

凤凰鸟
Meaning
a mythical bird that is reborn from its ashes; symbol of immortality or renewal
Example
The legend says the phoenix rises from its ashes every 500 years.
传说凤凰每500年从自己的灰烬中复生。
C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

基座 / 台座
Meaning
the base or support on which a statue or object stands
Example
The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.
雕像被放置在大理石基座上。
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/

prognosis

预后
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
医生给出了患者康复的积极预后。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

可怜的; 引起同情的
Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
受伤动物的悲惨叫声让每个人都泪流满面。
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

极化
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
有争议的决定使公众意见分成了两个对立的阵营。
C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

原始的, 基本的
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.
Example
Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.
恐惧是人类体验的最原始的情感之一。
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

序言
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
这本小说以一段设定在过去的简短序言开始。
C1 noun /ˌprɒk.ləˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Proclamation

公告
Meaning
an official public announcement, especially one made by someone in authority
Example
The king issued a proclamation declaring peace.
国王发布了一项公告，宣布和平。
C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

盈利能力
Meaning
The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.
Example
Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.
增加销售并减少成本提高了盈利能力。
C1 verb /plɒd/

plod

缓慢而坚定地工作
Meaning
to work slowly and steadily, often with effort or difficulty
Example
He plodded through his homework despite feeling tired.
尽管他感到疲倦，他还是慢慢地完成了作业。
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

拖延, 延迟, 推迟
Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
他在面对困难任务时倾向于拖延。
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/

propeller

螺旋桨
Meaning
A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.
Example
The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.
飞机的螺旋桨以极快的速度切割空气。
C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

摘要
Meaning
A concise summary of a text or speech.
Example
The student submitted a précis of the long article.
学生提交了一篇长文章的摘要。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

药水
Meaning
a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties
Example
The witch gave the hero a healing potion.
女巫给了英雄一个治疗药水。
C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

笑话的高潮
Meaning
The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.
Example
Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.
大家都因为他的笑话高潮而大笑。
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

掠夺者
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
掠夺者在战斗后劫掠了村庄。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːpər/

pauper

乞丐
Meaning
A very poor person.
Example
The pauper begged for food on the street corner.
乞丐在街角乞讨食物。
C1 noun /ˈpriːsɪŋkt/

precinct

区
Meaning
A district or area within the boundaries of a city, often for police or electoral purposes.
Example
She went to vote at her local precinct.
她去了她当地的选区投票。
C1 noun /ˈpædʒənt/

pageant

选美比赛
Meaning
A public entertainment consisting of a procession of people in elaborate costumes, or a beauty contest.
Example
She won first place in the beauty pageant.
她在选美比赛中赢得了第一名
C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

散步
Meaning
A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.
Example
They went for a promenade along the seaside.
他们在海边散步。
C1 adjective /pərˈpɔːrtɪd/

purported

所谓的
Meaning
alleged or claimed to be true, often without proof
Example
The purported evidence was later proven false.
所谓的证据后来被证明是错误的。
C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

授粉
Meaning
The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.
Example
Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.
蝴蝶在授粉过程中起着至关重要的作用。
C1 noun /ˈpæŋkriəs/

pancreas

胰腺
Meaning
A gland in the abdomen that produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
Example
The pancreas plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.
胰腺在消化和血糖调节中发挥着重要作用。
C1 verb /pəˈveɪd/

pervade

弥漫
Meaning
to spread through and be present in every part of something
Example
The smell of fresh flowers pervaded the entire room.
新鲜花香弥漫整个房间。
C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

推销
Meaning
To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.
Example
Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.
街头小贩向游客出售手工珠宝。
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

慈善家
Meaning
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes
Example
The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.
慈善家捐赠了数百万美元用于建设农村地区的学校。
C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

多产的
Meaning
Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.
Example
The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.
作者是多产的，写了超过30本书。
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

与巴黎相关
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
她在派对上穿着巴黎风格的裙子。
C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

安慰剂
Meaning
a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs
Example
The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.
患者被给了一个安慰剂，以比较真实药物的效果。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

咖啡滤泡壶
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
她使用滤泡壶做了一杯新鲜的咖啡。
C1 noun ˈprɛvələns

prevalence

普遍性
Meaning
The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs
Example
The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.
老龄化问题的普遍性需要立即关注。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

民意调查员
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
民意调查员预测了一个接近的选举结果。
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

矿产勘探员
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
矿产勘探员花了多年在山中寻找黄金。
C1 noun /pʌnˈdʒɑː.bi/

Punjabi

旁遮普
Meaning
a traditional long shirt worn in South Asia, typically loose-fitting
Example
He wore a white punjabi for the festival celebration.
他穿着白色的旁遮普参加节日庆典。
C1 noun prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪvz

preservatives

防腐剂
Meaning
A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.
Example
Many processed foods contain harmful preservatives.
许多加工食品含有有害的防腐剂。
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

程序性的
Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
委员会严格遵循程序规则。
C1 noun /ˈprɒvənəns/

provenance

来源
Meaning
The origin or source of something.
Example
The museum verified the provenance of the ancient manuscript.
博物馆验证了古代手稿的出处。
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

附言
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
她加了一句简短的附言，再次感谢他。
C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

光合作用效率
Meaning
The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.
Example
Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.
提高光合作用效率可以增加作物产量。
C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

惊人的
Meaning
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Example
The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.
团队为按时完成项目做出了惊人的努力。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

无与伦比的; 独一无二的; 无竞争对手的
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
她无与伦比的美丽吸引了所有人。
C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

精明, 审慎
Meaning
shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters
Example
It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.
在争论中保持沉默是他明智的选择。
C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/

preside

主持
Meaning
to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization
Example
She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.
她明天将主持会议。
C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

剧作家
Meaning
a person who writes plays
Example
Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.
莎士比亚被认为是历史上最伟大的剧作家。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

豪猪
Meaning
a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body
Example
The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.
豪猪在受到威胁时竖起了它的刺。
C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

优先排序
Meaning
The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.
Example
Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.
有效的优先排序确保资源得到有效利用。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的, 未被破坏的, 干净新鲜的
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
森林保持着原始的状态。
C1 adjective /ˈpriːmə/

prima

主要的, 卓越的
Meaning
first or most important; excellent
Example
She was treated as the prima ballerina of the troupe.
她被视为舞蹈团的首席舞者。
C1 verb /prəˈlɪf.ə.reɪt/

proliferate

扩散
Meaning
To increase rapidly in numbers; to grow or spread quickly and extensively.
Example
Startups tend to proliferate in a thriving economy.
初创公司在繁荣的经济中往往会迅速扩展。
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

柔韧的
Meaning
easily bent or flexible; adaptable
Example
The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.
金属足够柔韧，可以被塑造成珠宝。
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

慈善事业
Meaning
the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes
Example
Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.
慈善事业帮助改善了许多发展中国家的医疗保健。
C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

至关重要
Meaning
more important than anything else; supreme
Example
Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.
在这家工厂里，安全至关重要。
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

家族长
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
作为家族长，他调解争端并保持着传统的延续。
C1 noun prɪˈzɝː.və.tɪv

preservative

防腐剂
Meaning
A chemical substance that prevents decay, fermentation, or other natural processes that cause food deterioration.
Example
Artificial preservatives are harmful to health.
人工防腐剂对健康有害。
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

已灭绝的飞行爬行动物
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
博物馆展示了一只巨大的翼龙化石。
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

语音的
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
老师教学生们困难单词的音标拼写。
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

延长
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
谈判持续了几个月。
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

外周的
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
这座城市位于城市的外周区域。
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/

pensive

沉思
Meaning
Engaged in deep or serious thought.
Example
She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.
她看起来若有所思地凝视着窗外。
C1 noun ˈpraʊ.es

prowess

技巧
Meaning
Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
Example
Prowess in sports enhances team strength.
体育中的技巧增强了团队的力量。