C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

光合作用效率

Meaning

The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.

Example

Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.

提高光合作用效率可以增加作物产量。

C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

屈尊俯就

Meaning

to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business

Example

Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.

不要用你虚假的同情来屈尊俯就我。

C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

寓言

Meaning

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Example

Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.

耶稣常常用寓言教导深刻的真理。

C1 adjective ˌprɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk

probabilistic

基于概率

Meaning

Based on probability; involving chance or statistical likelihood.

Example

The model follows a probabilistic approach to predictions.

该模型采用概率方法进行预测。

C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

推

Meaning

to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object

Example

She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.

她用手肘轻轻推了推他，引起了他的注意。

C1 noun /ˈpærɪti/

parity

平价

Meaning

the state or condition of being equal, especially in status or pay

Example

The campaign aims to achieve pay parity between men and women.

这项运动旨在实现男女之间的工资平等。

C1 noun /ˈpɪn.sərz/

Pincers

钳子

Meaning

a tool made of two curved or hinged pieces of metal used for gripping and pulling things

Example

The chef used pincers to remove the hot pot from the stove.

厨师用钳子把热锅从炉子上取下来。

C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

民众

Meaning

the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area

Example

The new law was welcomed by the local populace.

新法律受到了当地居民的欢迎。

C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

散步

Meaning

A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.

Example

They went for a promenade along the seaside.

他们在海边散步。

C1 adjective /ˈperɪʃəbəl/

Perishable

易腐的

Meaning

liable to decay quickly; short-lived

Example

Store perishable foods in the refrigerator.

将易腐食品存放在冰箱中。

C1 adjective /pəˈtɜːrnəl/

paternal

父亲的

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of a father.

Example

He took a paternal interest in the boy’s education.

他对男孩的教育表现出父亲般的兴趣。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/

pensive

沉思

Meaning

Engaged in deep or serious thought.

Example

She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.

她看起来若有所思地凝视着窗外。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

仿作

Meaning

an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy

Example

The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.

这档喜剧节目以对知名政治家的仿作来制造滑稽效果。

C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

皮恩

Meaning

a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks

Example

The office peon delivered the files to each department.

办公室的皮恩将文件送到每个部门。

C1 noun /ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃən/

provocation

挑衅

Meaning

An action or statement that is intended to make someone angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His rude comment was a clear provocation.

他的粗鲁评论是明显的挑衅。

C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

杰出

Meaning

Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.

Example

She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.

她是遗传学领域的杰出科学家。

C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

血液的液体部分；电离气体；无凝血蛋白的血清

Meaning

the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins

Example

Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.

血浆含有各种蛋白质和营养物质。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

置换

Meaning

An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.

Example

The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.

通过尝试所有可能的拼图块置换，可以解决这个难题。

C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

优先的

Meaning

showing or giving advantage to one over others

Example

Members receive preferential treatment at the club.

会员在俱乐部享有优先待遇。

C1 adjective /ˌpɜːrpənˈdɪkjələr/

perpendicular

垂直

Meaning

At an angle of 90 degrees to a given line, plane, or surface.

Example

The ladder was placed perpendicular to the ground for safety.

梯子为了安全被放置在地面上与之垂直。

C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

倾向或自然趋势

Meaning

An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.

Example

He has a propensity for taking risks in business.

他有冒险精神，在商业中倾向于冒险。

C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

缓慢且乏味

Meaning

slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort

Example

The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.

这部电影很有趣，但中间有点缓慢且乏味。

C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

番茄工作法

Meaning

A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.

Example

The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.

番茄工作法提高了生产力。

C1 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ən/

pantheon

所有神明，献给所有神明的庙宇

Meaning

All the gods of a religion collectively; a building dedicated to all gods.

Example

The Roman Pantheon is one of the best-preserved ancient temples.

罗马的万神殿是最完好保存的古代神庙之一。

C1 adjective /ˈpəʊ.tənt/

Potent

强效; 强大的; 有效的

Meaning

having great strength, power, or effect; influential

Example

The medicine is very potent and should be taken carefully.

这药效强，应该小心服用。

C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

过程稳定性

Meaning

The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes

Example

Cold air ensures process stability in plants.

冷空气确保植物的过程稳定性。

C1 adjective পারসিভেবল

perceivable

可察觉的

Meaning

Able to be seen, noticed, or detected.

Example

The changes in winter weather are perceivable in rural areas.

冬季天气的变化在农村地区是可察觉的。

C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

说服力

Meaning

The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.

Example

Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.

她的说服力使团队接受了她的建议。

C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

牧师

Meaning

a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation

Example

The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.

牧师讲了一场充满同情的讲道。

C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

悄悄走动（猎取或寻找）

Meaning

To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.

Example

The cat prowled around the garden at night.

猫在夜间悄悄地绕着花园走。

C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.nɪ.tɪv/

punitive

惩罚性

Meaning

Inflicting or intended as punishment.

Example

The company faced punitive measures for violating the law.

该公司因违反法律而面临惩罚性措施。

C1 verb /proʊˈtruːd/

protrude

突出

Meaning

To stick out or extend beyond a surface.

Example

A nail was protruding from the wooden board.

一根钉子从木板中突出出来。

C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

有原则的

Meaning

acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards

Example

He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.

他是一个有原则的领导，总是把诚实放在第一位。

C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

可接受的

Meaning

good enough to be accepted, though not excellent

Example

The road is barely passable after the storm.

风暴过后，路几乎无法通行。

C1 adjective /ˈpiːs.ə.bəl/

Peaceable

和平的; 倾向于避免冲突

Meaning

peaceful; inclined to avoid conflict

Example

The peaceable protest ended without any violence.

和平抗议没有暴力结束。

C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

极化

Meaning

to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs

Example

The controversial decision polarized public opinion.

有争议的决定使公众意见分成了两个对立的阵营。

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ə.bəl/

pitiable

可怜的

Meaning

deserving sympathy or compassion

Example

The stray dog looked pitiable in the rain.

那只流浪狗在雨中看起来十分可怜。

C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

校对

Meaning

to read written material and mark any errors

Example

She proofread the report before submission.

她在提交前校对了报告。

C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学

Meaning

the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body

Example

Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.

病理学的进展帮助医生迅速识别罕见的感染。

C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

至关重要

Meaning

more important than anything else; supreme

Example

Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.

在这家工厂里，安全至关重要。

C1 adjective /prəˈlɪf.ɪk/

prolific

多产的

Meaning

Present in large numbers or quantities; plentiful; producing many works, results, or offspring.

Example

The author is prolific, having written over 30 books.

作者是多产的，写了超过30本书。

C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

程序性的

Meaning

Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.

Example

The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.

委员会严格遵循程序规则。

C1 noun /ˈpaɪ.ə.ti/

Piety

虔诚

Meaning

the quality of being religious or reverent; devout religious belief and practice

Example

His piety was evident in his daily prayers.

他的虔诚在他每天的祈祷中显而易见。

C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

啄

Meaning

To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.

Example

The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.

母鸡开始啄地面上散落的谷物。

C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

声望

Meaning

The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.

Example

Her work gained prominence after the award.

她的工作在获奖后获得了声望。

C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

体型

Meaning

the form, size, and development of a person's body

Example

He has an athletic physique due to years of training.

他通过多年的训练有着运动员般的体型。

C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

与众不同的风格

Meaning

Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.

Example

He delivered his speech with great panache.

他以极大的自信发表了演讲。

C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.ni/

puny

虚弱的

Meaning

Small, weak, or insignificant.

Example

He felt puny compared to his stronger classmates.

与他更强大的同学相比，他感觉自己很虚弱。

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

多孔的

Meaning

Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.

Example

The soil is very porous and drains quickly.

土壤非常多孔，排水很快。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒs.tʃə.məs/

Posthumous

死后

Meaning

occurring or continuing after death; published after the author's death

Example

The author received a posthumous award for his last novel.

作者因其最后一部小说获得了死后奖项。

C1 verb /pəˈruːz/

peruse

幸福

Meaning

to read something carefully and thoroughly; sometimes used to mean to browse casually

Example

She sat down to peruse the contract before signing it.

当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。

C1 noun /ˈpɛndənt/

pendant

吊坠

Meaning

a piece of jewelry that hangs from a chain worn around the neck

Example

She wore a silver pendant around her neck.

她戴着一个银色的吊坠在脖子上。

C1 noun ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən

Pollination

授粉

Meaning

The process by which pollen is transferred from flowers, enabling plant reproduction.

Example

Butterflies play a vital role in pollination.

蝴蝶在授粉过程中起着至关重要的作用。

C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

假设; 推定;

Meaning

an idea that is taken to be true without proof

Example

There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.

法律系统中有无罪推定。

C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

理工学院

Meaning

an educational institution offering practical and technical courses

Example

She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.

她在她所在城市的知名理工学院学习工程学。

C1 verb /ˈpændər/

pander

迎合, 奉承

Meaning

to indulge or exploit the weaknesses, desires, or immoral tendencies of others

Example

The politician was accused of pandering to voters' fears.

政治家被指控迎合选民的恐惧。

C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

永续农业

Meaning

The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.

Example

Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.

永续农业促进自给自足的农业系统。

C1 noun prəˈfaʊnd ɪˈnɪʃətɪv

profound initiative

深远的倡议

Meaning

A deep, meaningful, and significant action or program designed to create change.

Example

A profound initiative can create sustainable changes.

一个深刻的倡议可以创造可持续的变化。

C1 verb /ˈpæmpər/

pamper

溺爱 / 宠爱

Meaning

to treat with excessive care and attention; to spoil

Example

Parents often pamper their first child.

父母常常溺爱他们的第一个孩子。

C1 verb প্রিসিপিটেট

precipitate

降水

Meaning

To fall from the sky as rain, snow, or other forms of water.

Example

Vapor precipitates as rain in warmer climates.

水蒸气在较温暖的气候中作为雨水降下。

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

倾向

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

她有收集稀有书籍的倾向。

C1 noun /ˈpleɪn.tɪf/

Plaintiff

原告

Meaning

a person who brings a case against another in a court of law; the person who initiates a lawsuit

Example

The plaintiff filed a lawsuit against the company.

原告对公司提起了诉讼。

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmætɪk/

psychosomatic

心理生理的

Meaning

Relating to a physical illness or condition caused or aggravated by mental factors such as stress.

Example

Her stomach pain was diagnosed as psychosomatic, linked to stress.

她的胃痛被诊断为心理生理性疾病，与压力有关。

C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

过于关注细节或规则的人

Meaning

Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.

Example

Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.

她的呗丹提克解释让讲座变得无聊。

C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

民意调查员

Meaning

a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion

Example

The pollster predicted a close election outcome.

民意调查员预测了一个接近的选举结果。

C1 verb /piːk/

pique

激发

Meaning

to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger

Example

Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.

她的评论激起了他对秘密项目的好奇心。

C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

打击乐器

Meaning

Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.

Example

The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.

打击乐部分为管弦乐队增添了节奏和能量。

C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

语音的

Meaning

relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation

Example

The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.

老师教学生们困难单词的音标拼写。

C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

精神病

Meaning

A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.

Example

The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.

病人在经历了幻觉之后被诊断为精神病。

C1 noun /poʊˈɛt.ɪks/

poetics

诗学，诗歌理论

Meaning

the study or theory of poetry and its principles

Example

He wrote a book on poetics explaining the art of verse.

他写了一本关于诗学的书，解释了诗歌的艺术。

C1 adjective /ˈpɒlɪtɪk/

politic

精明, 审慎

Meaning

shrewd, prudent, or tactful in practical matters

Example

It was politic of him to remain silent during the argument.

在争论中保持沉默是他明智的选择。

C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

半岛状的

Meaning

Relating to or resembling a peninsula.

Example

The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.

半岛地区三面被水包围。

C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

使专心

Meaning

To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.

Example

Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.

担忧未来的问题让他始终处于忙碌状态。

C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

个性化, 定制化

Meaning

The action of making something personal or individual; customization.

Example

Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.

营销中的个性化提升了客户的参与度。

C1 adjective /ˈpeɪtrənaɪzɪŋ/

patronizing

居高临下

Meaning

showing kindness that is perceived as condescending or superior

Example

His patronizing tone offended the audience.

他的居高临下的语气冒犯了观众。

C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

异教徒

Meaning

a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen

Example

Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.

古罗马人认为早期基督徒是异教徒。

C1 noun /ˈpæntəmaɪm/

pantomime

哑剧

Meaning

A type of theatrical performance using gestures and movements without spoken words; in Britain, a musical comedy play for families performed at Christmas.

Example

The children enjoyed the Christmas pantomime at the local theater.

孩子们在当地剧院观看了圣诞哑剧。

C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

慈善家

Meaning

a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes

Example

The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.

慈善家捐赠了数百万美元用于建设农村地区的学校。

C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

逐步淘汰

Meaning

A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.

Example

A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.

达成了逐步淘汰化石燃料的协议。

C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/

precocious

早熟

Meaning

Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.

Example

The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.

那个早熟的孩子五岁时就能阅读小说。

C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

忏悔

Meaning

The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.

Example

His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.

他在意识到自己的错误后，眼中充满了忏悔。

C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

木质地板

Meaning

A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.

Example

The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.

那座古老的豪宅有一块漂亮的木质地板。

C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

幸福

Meaning

To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.

Example

The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.

当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。

C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

悬挂的

Meaning

hanging down or suspended

Example

The pendent branches touched the ground.

悬挂的树枝触碰了地面。

C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

豪猪

Meaning

a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body

Example

The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.

豪猪在受到威胁时竖起了它的刺。

C1 noun /pəˈtɜːrnəti/

paternity

父亲身份

Meaning

The state of being someone's father.

Example

He demanded a paternity test to confirm his relationship with the child.

他要求进行亲子鉴定，以确认他与孩子的关系。

C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

小贩

Meaning

a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place

Example

The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.

小贩走过村庄，卖着新鲜的水果。

C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

可信度

Meaning

The quality of being reasonable or probable.

Example

The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.

他解释的可信度说服了陪审团。

C1 noun ˌprɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

profitability

盈利能力

Meaning

The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain.

Example

Increasing sales and reducing costs boosted profitability.

增加销售并减少成本提高了盈利能力。

C1 noun /prəˈpraɪəti/

propriety

得体

Meaning

Conformity to accepted standards of behavior or morality.

Example

He always behaved with the utmost propriety in public.

他在公共场合总是表现得体。

C1 adjective /ˈpent ʌp/

Pent-up

压抑的; 受限的; 被困住的

Meaning

suppressed; restrained; confined

Example

He had pent-up anger that finally exploded.

他有压抑的愤怒，最终爆发了。

C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突如其来的剧烈疼痛或情绪痛苦

Meaning

a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress

Example

She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.

她在争论后感到一阵内疚的疼痛。

C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

忏悔; 为做错事所接受的惩罚

Meaning

punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin

Example

The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.

和尚因他的过去错误而进行忏悔。

C1 noun /ˈpæd.ək/

paddock

马或其他动物的围场

Meaning

a small enclosed field where horses or other animals are kept

Example

The horses were grazing in the paddock.

马群在围场里吃草。

C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/

Pompous

浮夸的; 自命不凡的; 过度华丽的

Meaning

showing off; pretentious; overly grand

Example

His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.

他的浮夸态度让会议中的每个人都感到不悦。

C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

无产阶级

Meaning

Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.

Example

The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.

这场运动根植于无产阶级的斗争中。

C1 verb /per/

pare

削皮

Meaning

to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually

Example

She pared the apple before eating it.

她在吃苹果前削了皮。

C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

采购

Meaning

to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty

Example

They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.

他们设法为远征筹集到足够的物资。

C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

双关语

Meaning

A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.

Example

He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.

他在面包店关于面包发酵的玩笑中巧妙地运用了双关语。

C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

本身

Meaning

By or in itself; intrinsically.

Example

The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.

这个想法本身并不好，但需要改进。

C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

普遍的

Meaning

Existing in or spreading through every part of something

Example

Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.

普遍的技术已成为日常生活的重要组成部分。

C1 adjective /ˈpruː.dənt/

Prudent

谨慎的; 小心的; 明智的;

Meaning

wise; careful; cautious;

Example

It's prudent to save money for the future.

为未来存钱是明智的做法。

C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

激情花

Meaning

A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms

Example

The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.

激情花藤用美丽的花朵覆盖了花园的墙壁。

扭曲

Meaning

The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.

Example

The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.

该政权的审查制度被视为对言论自由的扭曲。