pertness
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C2 noun /ˈpɜːrtnəs/

pertness

厚颜无耻
Meaning
boldness or forwardness in speech or behavior; sauciness
Example
Her pertness during the meeting surprised everyone.
她在会议中的厚颜无耻让所有人都惊讶。
C2 noun /ˈpɛntæd/

pentad

五个一组
Meaning
A group or set of five things.
Example
The committee was divided into a pentad of working groups.
委员会被分成了五个工作小组。
C2 adjective /ˈpjʊəraɪl/

puerile

幼稚的
Meaning
childishly silly or immature
Example
His puerile jokes annoyed the audience.
他的幼稚笑话让观众感到烦恼。
C2 noun /ˈpæntəˌskoʊp/

pantoscope

提供广泛或全景视图的光学仪器
Meaning
An optical instrument that provides a wide or panoramic view.
Example
The scientist used a pantoscope to observe the entire horizon.
科学家使用全景镜观察整个地平线。
C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

餐后
Meaning
Occurring after a meal.
Example
He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.
他在晚餐后去散步。
C2 noun /ˌpoʊpʊˈriː/

potpourri

干花混合物
Meaning
a mixture of dried flowers and spices kept in a bowl to perfume a room; a miscellaneous collection
Example
The living room was filled with the scent of potpourri.
客厅里充满了波普瑞的香气。
C2 noun /ˈpɛnjʊri/

penury

极端贫困
Meaning
extreme poverty or destitution
Example
He grew up in penury but became successful later in life.
他在极度贫困中长大，但后来在生活中成功。
C2 noun /pəˈveɪʒən/

pervasion

传播
Meaning
the act of spreading through or being present everywhere in something
Example
There was a pervasion of hope throughout the community.
整个社区充满了希望的传播。
C2 adjective /ˈprɒvɪdənt/

provident

有远见的
Meaning
making or indicative of timely preparation for the future
Example
She was provident in saving money for her children’s education.
她为孩子们的教育储蓄，非常有远见。
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

弑亲
Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
法院在悲剧事件后以弑亲罪审判了他。
C2 adjective /pruːˈdɛnʃəl/

prudential

审慎的
Meaning
involving or showing prudence, especially in financial or business matters
Example
The bank has set prudential rules to protect depositors.
银行制定了审慎的规则以保护存款人。
C2 noun /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/

plebiscite

公民投票
Meaning
a direct vote by the electorate on an important public question
Example
The government held a plebiscite to decide on the new constitution.
政府举行了公民投票，决定新的宪法。
C2 noun /pəˈlæv.ər/

palaver

无意义的讨论 / 喧嚣
Meaning
prolonged and idle discussion; fuss or unnecessary talk
Example
After much palaver, they finally agreed on the plan.
经过长时间的无意义讨论后，他们最终同意了计划。
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːmi/

palmy

繁荣 / 荣耀
Meaning
prosperous, flourishing, or relating to palm trees
Example
He often reminisced about the palmy days of his youth.
他经常回忆起年轻时的繁荣日子。
C2 noun /ˈplætɪtjuːd/

platitude

陈词滥调，空话
Meaning
a remark or statement that is overused and unoriginal
Example
He kept repeating the same platitudes during the speech.
他在演讲中不断重复相同的陈词滥调。
C2 noun /ˌprɛsiˈɒsɪti/

preciosity

过度的精致
Meaning
Excessive refinement or affected elegance in language, style, or behavior.
Example
The author's preciosity made the novel difficult to read for some audiences.
作者的过度精致使得这本小说对于一些读者来说很难阅读。
C2 noun /ˈpriːskrɪpt/

prescript

规定
Meaning
An authoritative rule or direction; something laid down as a command.
Example
The prescript of the organization required strict punctuality.
该组织的规定要求严格的准时。
C2 noun prɒkˈsiː.mɪks

proxemics

个人空间使用的研究
Meaning
The study of how people use space and distance to indicate relationships
Example
Understanding proxemics helps in improving interpersonal communication.
理解亲密距离有助于改善人际沟通。
C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

挪用公款
Meaning
The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.
Example
The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.
部长在被指控参与挪用公款后辞职。
C2 noun /ˈpɒm.əl/

pommel

剑柄或鞍座上的圆形按钮
Meaning
the rounded knob on the handle of a sword or saddle
Example
He gripped the sword firmly by the pommel.
他紧紧地抓住剑柄的波梅尔部分。
C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

全套装备
Meaning
A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.
Example
The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.
博物馆展示了一套古代武器的全套装备。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

preengage

预先雇佣
Meaning
To contract or engage beforehand; to arrange in advance.
Example
The workers were preengaged before the project officially started.
项目正式开始前，工人们已被预先雇佣。
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

倾向
Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
她有学习新语言的倾向。
C2 verb /proʊˈskraɪb/

proscribe

禁止
Meaning
to forbid something by law or authority
Example
The new law will proscribe the use of harmful chemicals in farming.
新法律将禁止在农业中使用有害化学品。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛneɪt/

pennate

羽毛状的
Meaning
Having parts or structures arranged like a feather; feather-shaped.
Example
The fern has a pennate leaf structure.
蕨类植物的叶片结构是羽毛状的。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛkəbl/

peccable

有罪的
Meaning
liable to sin or error; capable of doing wrong
Example
Humans are peccable, but they strive for goodness.
人类是有罪的，但他们努力向善。
C2 noun /prəˈfʌn.dɪ.ti/

profundity

深度或洞察力
Meaning
Deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought.
Example
The profundity of his words left a lasting impact.
他的话深度留下了持久的影响。
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

遗产
Meaning
Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.
Example
The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.
这座城堡是他从贵族祖先那里继承的遗产的一部分。
C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

辛辣
Meaning
The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.
Example
The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.
大蒜的辛辣味充满了厨房。
C2 noun /ˈpoʊtənˌteɪt/

potentate

君主
Meaning
A monarch or ruler, especially one with absolute power.
Example
The ancient land was ruled by a powerful potentate.
古老的土地由一个强大的君主统治。
C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

具体说明
Meaning
to mention or describe something in detail
Example
The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.
证人被要求详细叙述那个夜晚的事件。
C2 noun /ˈpɒntɪf/

pontiff

教皇或高级主教
Meaning
the pope or a high-ranking bishop in the Christian church
Example
The pontiff addressed the nation in a televised speech.
教皇在电视演讲中向国家发表讲话。
C2 adverb /ˈprɒksɪmətli/

proximately

附近
Meaning
In a near or close manner; nearly.
Example
The village lies proximately to the river.
村庄位于河流附近。
C2 verb /prəˈpaʊnd/

propound

提出
Meaning
To put forward an idea, theory, or point for consideration.
Example
The professor propounded a new theory on climate change.
教授提出了关于气候变化的新理论。
C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

修道院
Meaning
a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress
Example
The old priory was converted into a museum.
那个古老的修道院被改造成了博物馆。
C2 adjective /pəˈlɛmɪkəl/

polemical

争议的
Meaning
relating to or involving strongly critical or controversial writing or speech
Example
She wrote a polemical article challenging traditional beliefs.
她写了一篇挑战传统信仰的争议文章。
C2 adjective /ˌpriːtərˈnætʃərəl/

preternatural

超自然
Meaning
Beyond what is normal or natural; extraordinary or supernatural.
Example
She had a preternatural ability to remain calm in any crisis.
她在任何危机中保持冷静的能力是超自然的。
C2 noun /ˈpærəpɛt/

parapet

防护墙
Meaning
A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, balcony, or bridge.
Example
The soldier hid behind the parapet for protection.
士兵躲在防护墙后面以保障安全。
C2 verb /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡ/

pettifog

争论琐碎的事情
Meaning
to argue or quibble over trivial matters; to engage in petty, dishonest practices
Example
The lawyer was accused of trying to pettifog instead of addressing the real issue.
律师被指控试图争论琐碎的事情，而不是解决真正的问题。
C2 verb /fɪˈlændər/

philander

调情
Meaning
to engage in casual or frivolous romantic or sexual relationships
Example
He was known to philander with many women in town.
他以与城里许多女性交往而闻名。
C2 adjective /pərˈspɪkjuəs/

perspicuous

清晰
Meaning
Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.
Example
The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory.
老师给出了关于理论的清晰解释。
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

廉洁
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
法官因其正直和廉洁而受到赞赏。
C2 adjective /ˈprɛfətɔːri/

prefatory

前言
Meaning
serving as an introduction or preface
Example
He made some prefatory remarks before the lecture began.
他在讲座开始前做了一些前言性的评论。
C2 noun ˌpɜː.tɪˈnæs.ɪ.ti

pertinacity

坚定的决心与坚持不懈
Meaning
Firm determination and persistence in achieving something.
Example
His pertinacity in achieving his goals was inspiring.
他在实现目标时的坚定决心令人鼓舞。
C2 noun /ˌpraɪvəˈtɪə/

privateer

私人战舰
Meaning
A privately owned armed ship authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during war.
Example
The privateer captured several enemy vessels during the conflict.
在冲突中，私人战舰俘获了多个敌方船只。
C2 noun /ˌpɪəriəˈdɪsɪti/

periodicity

周期性
Meaning
The quality or state of being regular or recurring at intervals.
Example
The periodicity of the moon’s phases has fascinated humans for centuries.
月亮相位的周期性几个世纪以来一直吸引着人类。
C2 adjective /ˈpɔːrtli/

portly

肥胖
Meaning
Having a stout or somewhat fat body, often implying dignity or authority.
Example
The portly man entered the room with confidence.
那个肥胖的男人自信地走进房间。
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈjuːn/

picayune

微不足道的, 琐碎的
Meaning
of little value or importance; trivial
Example
He complained about the picayune details of the contract.
他抱怨合同中的琐碎细节。
C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/

pentagram

五角星
Meaning
A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.
Example
The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.
魔法师在地板上画了一个五角星，作为仪式的一部分。
C2 noun /prəˈpɪŋkwɪti/

propinquity

亲近
Meaning
the state of being close to someone or something; proximity
Example
The propinquity of their houses made them close friends.
他们房屋的亲近使他们成为了亲密的朋友。
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

括号中的评论
Meaning
Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.
Example
He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.
他在讲座期间添加了一个括号中的评论。
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

纵火的失控欲望
Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
嫌疑人在多次纵火事件后被诊断为纵火狂。
C2 verb /prɪˈværɪkeɪt/

prevaricate

Meaning
to avoid telling the truth by not giving a direct answer
Example
The politician began to prevaricate when asked about the scandal.
C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

晋升
Meaning
promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office
Example
He hoped for preferment in the government office.
他希望在政府办公室得到晋升。
C2 noun /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪstəns/

preexistence

预存在
Meaning
the state of existing before something else
Example
Philosophers often debated the preexistence of the soul.
哲学家们常常辩论灵魂的预存在。
C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

与教皇或主教相关的；浮夸的或自命不凡的
Meaning
relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important
Example
His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.
他的傲慢态度让委员会的其他成员感到不悦。
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːtətɪv/

putative

假定的
Meaning
commonly accepted or supposed; generally regarded as such
Example
He is the putative father of the child.
他是孩子的假定父亲。
C2 noun /ˌpæl.ənˈkiːn/

Palanquin

花轿
Meaning
a covered chair or bed carried on poles by bearers
Example
The bride was carried to the wedding ceremony in an ornate palanquin.
新娘在装饰华丽的轿子中被抬到婚礼现场。
C2 noun /ˈpoʊltɪs/

poultice

温暖的草药敷料
Meaning
a soft, moist mass of material applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation
Example
The nurse applied a warm poultice to his injured leg.
护士把温暖的敷料敷在他受伤的腿上。
C2 adjective /pɔːrˈtɛntəs/

portentous

不祥的，严肃的
Meaning
Giving a sign or warning that something, often bad or serious, is going to happen; or overly solemn and pompous.
Example
His portentous tone made everyone nervous about the news.
他那不祥的语气让大家因新闻感到紧张。
C2 noun /pəˈruːzl/

perusal

仔细阅读
Meaning
The action of reading or examining something carefully.
Example
The contract was given to the lawyer for perusal.
合同已交给律师以供仔细阅读。
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛʃən/

precession

进动
Meaning
The slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis, often referring to Earth's rotation.
Example
Astronomers study the precession of the equinoxes.
天文学家研究春分点的进动。
C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

伪善的
Meaning
Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.
Example
His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.
他的伪善行为让人怀疑他的真诚。
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

天意的
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
他们及时的救援被认为是天意的。
C2 verb /ˈprɒsəˌlaɪtaɪz/

proselytize

试图使某人改信
Meaning
To try to persuade someone to convert to a different belief or religion.
Example
They tried to proselytize the villagers with their new ideas.
他们试图用他们的新思想来传教村民。
C2 noun /proʊˈsiː.ni.əm/

proscenium

舞台前沿
Meaning
the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain; the arch framing the stage
Example
The actors bowed at the proscenium before leaving the stage.
演员在离开舞台之前向舞台前沿鞠躬。
C2 noun /pəˈtiːnə/

patina

由于年龄或使用，金属、石头或木材表面上的薄膜或光泽；也可以指一种表面外观
Meaning
a surface film or sheen on metal, stone, or wood due to age or use; also, a superficial appearance
Example
The bronze statue developed a green patina after years in the sea air.
这座青铜雕像在海风中多年后形成了绿色的铜绿。
C2 noun /pɪθ/

pith

要点，精髓
Meaning
the essential or central part of something
Example
The pith of his argument was that honesty matters most.
他论点的要点是诚实最为重要。
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.i.mæθ/

polymath

博学者
Meaning
a person with knowledge of many different subjects
Example
Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath, excelling in art, science, and engineering.
列奥纳多·达·芬奇是一个真正的博学者，擅长艺术、科学和工程。
C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

极度贫穷
Meaning
extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly
Example
The penurious family struggled to buy food.
那个极度贫穷的家庭艰难地购买食物。
C2 adjective /prɪˈhɛnsɪbəl/

prehensible

可抓取的
Meaning
capable of being grasped or seized
Example
The tool has a prehensible handle that improves safety.
这个工具有一个可抓取的把手，能提高安全性。
C2 noun /ˈfaɪləm/

phylum

生物分类中的主要类别，高于类，低于界
Meaning
a primary category in the biological classification of organisms, above class and below kingdom
Example
Humans belong to the phylum Chordata.
人类属于脊索动物门。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

提前存在
Meaning
to exist beforehand or before something else
Example
These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.
这些习俗早于现代技术的到来而存在。
C2 adjective /ˈpɪd.lɪŋ/

Piddling

微不足道; 琐碎; 小数额
Meaning
trivial; insignificant; small in amount
Example
He was annoyed by the piddling amount of money he received.
他对他收到的微不足道的金额感到烦恼。
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

伪使徒
Meaning
a false or pretended apostle
Example
The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.
这位传教士被定为伪使徒。
C2 noun /ˈpɛdənt/

pedant

书呆子
Meaning
A person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules, often in a showy way.
Example
The professor was criticized as a pedant who focused too much on trivial details.
教授被批评为一个书呆子，他过于关注微不足道的细节。
C2 noun /ˈprɛʃəns/ or /ˈpriːʃəns/

prescience

预见
Meaning
the ability to know or predict what will happen in the future
Example
Her prescience about market trends saved the company.
她对市场趋势的预见拯救了公司。
C2 noun /ˌpɜːrspɪˈkjuːəti/

perspicuity

清晰度
Meaning
Clarity and ease in speech or writing; the quality of being clearly expressed.
Example
The perspicuity of his lecture made it easy for students to understand complex topics.
他的讲座的清晰度让学生们很容易理解复杂的课题。
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

背叛的
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
间谍因其背叛行为被执行死刑。
C2 noun /ˈpætwɑː/

patois

地方方言
Meaning
a regional or social dialect, especially one considered nonstandard or informal
Example
The guide slipped into local patois when chatting with the fishermen.
导游在与渔民交谈时开始使用当地的帕图瓦。
C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/

privity

私密关系, 合同关系
Meaning
A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.
Example
There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.
供应商和客户之间没有合同关系。
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsənɪdʒ/

personage

重要人物
Meaning
an important or famous person
Example
He is considered a great personage in the world of literature.
他被认为是文学界的伟大人物。
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

低级文学作品
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
这本小说被评论家视为仅仅是一本低级文学作品。
C2 noun /prɪˈhɛnʃən/

prehension

抓握的动作; 抓住某物的能力
Meaning
the act of grasping or seizing; the ability to take hold of something
Example
Therapists assessed the patient's prehension during hand therapy.
治疗师在手部治疗中评估了患者的抓握能力。
C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

与开放海洋相关
Meaning
Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.
Example
Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.
像金枪鱼这样的深海鱼类通常在离海岸很远的地方发现。
C2 noun /ˈpæn.θi.ɪ.zəm/

pantheism

泛神论
Meaning
The belief that God and the universe are identical, or that everything is a manifestation of God.
Example
Spinoza’s philosophy is often associated with pantheism.
斯宾诺莎的哲学常与泛神论相关联。
C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

腐烂的
Meaning
undergoing the process of decay; rotting
Example
The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.
腐烂的气味让所有人都离开了房间。
C2 verb /prɪmp/

primp

幸福
Meaning
To spend time making minor adjustments to one's appearance.
Example
She primped in front of the mirror before the party.
她在收到奖项时无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪks/

polemics

辩论
Meaning
the art or practice of engaging in controversial debate or dispute
Example
The conference was full of polemics on economic reforms.
会议充满了关于经济改革的辩论。
C2 noun /proʊˈdʒɛnɪtər/

progenitor

祖先
Meaning
a direct ancestor; a person or thing that originates something
Example
Researchers traced the custom back to a common progenitor.
研究人员追溯了这个习俗，发现它源自一个共同的祖先。
C2 verb /pərˈveɪ/

purvey

提供
Meaning
to supply or provide goods, services, or information, often as a business
Example
The company purveys organic food to health-conscious customers.
该公司向健康意识强的客户提供有机食品。
C2 noun /ˌsaɪ.kəʊˈɡræf.ɪks/

Psychographics

根据人们的态度、愿望和其他心理标准对人进行研究和分类
Meaning
The study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.
Example
Psychographics reveal consumer buying motives.
心理图谱揭示了消费者购买动机。
C2 noun /ˈprɛləsi/

prelacy

教主制
Meaning
The office, dignity, or system of church government by prelates.
Example
The medieval church was dominated by prelacy and its traditions.
中世纪的教会由教主制及其传统主导。
C2 noun /pruːd/

prude

过于害羞的人
Meaning
A person who is easily shocked by matters relating to sex or nudity; someone overly modest.
Example
He was called a prude for blushing at the movie scenes.
因为在电影场景中脸红，他被称为过于害羞的人。
C2 verb /prəˈroʊɡ/

prorogue

暂停会议
Meaning
to discontinue a session of a parliament or assembly without dissolving it
Example
The president decided to prorogue parliament until the crisis was resolved.
总统决定暂停议会，直到危机得到解决。
C2 noun /ˈpɛstɪləns/

pestilence

瘟疫
Meaning
A deadly or virulent epidemic disease that spreads rapidly.
Example
The medieval city was devastated by a pestilence.
中世纪的城市被瘟疫摧毁。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

预定
Meaning
To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.
Example
They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.
他们相信他们的相遇是命运注定的。
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.i/

philately

邮票收藏学
Meaning
the collection and study of postage stamps
Example
Philately is a hobby enjoyed by people of all ages.
邮票收藏学是一项各年龄段人群都喜爱的爱好。
C2 adjective /ˈpɛstɪlənt/

pestilent

致命的
Meaning
Causing or tending to cause death or destruction; harmful or pernicious.
Example
The pestilent atmosphere of the swamp made people sick.
沼泽的致命气氛让人们生病。
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrvjuː/

purview

范围
Meaning
the scope or range of authority, responsibility, or knowledge
Example
The case does not fall within the purview of this court.
这个案件不在这个法院的管辖范围内。
C2 adjective /pəˈrɛmptəri/

peremptory

专横
Meaning
Insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in a commanding way.
Example
The officer gave a peremptory order to evacuate the building.
官员下达了一个专横的命令，要求撤离大楼。
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrvənuː/

parvenu

新富人
Meaning
A person who has recently gained wealth or influence but is not yet accepted socially.
Example
He was seen as a parvenu who lacked refinement despite his riches.
他被视为一个新富阶层，尽管他拥有财富，但却缺乏 refinement。
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

预先设定
Meaning
To establish or set up beforehand.
Example
Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.
在会议之前，一些规则已经预先设定。
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

预感
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
他有强烈的预感，计划会失败。
C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

小船
Meaning
a small boat, often carried by a larger ship
Example
The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.
水手们用小船到达了岸边。
C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡæmɪst/

polygamist

一夫多妻者
Meaning
a person who has more than one spouse at the same time
Example
The polygamist had three wives living in different houses.
这个多配偶者有三个妻子，他们住在不同的房子里。
C2 adjective /ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk/

pyrotechnic

烟火技术
Meaning
Relating to fireworks or spectacular displays involving fire.
Example
The city celebrated with a grand pyrotechnic display on New Year's Eve.
这座城市在新年前夕举办了盛大的烟火技术展示。
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːˌblaɪnd/

purblind

盲目或无知
Meaning
Having impaired or defective vision; lacking insight or understanding.
Example
The purblind approach to the problem led to many mistakes.
对问题的盲目处理导致了许多错误。
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

可分割的
Meaning
capable of being divided or separated
Example
The estate was partible among the heirs.
这项财产可以在继承人之间分割。
C2 noun /ˈpɒsi/

posse

帮派 / 朋友群
Meaning
A group of people, often friends or a group organized to support or enforce the law.
Example
He arrived at the party with his posse of friends.
他和他的朋友帮派一起到达了派对。
C2 verb /prɪˈpɒndəreɪt/

preponderate

占优势
Meaning
To be greater in influence, weight, or number.
Example
In the debate, logical arguments preponderated over emotional appeals.
在辩论中，逻辑论点优于情感呼吁。
C2 noun /prəˈfjuːʒən/

profusion

丰富
Meaning
an abundance or large quantity of something
Example
Spring brought a profusion of wildflowers to the valley.
春天给山谷带来了大量的野花。
C2 noun /ˈpærəmʊr/

paramour

情人
Meaning
a lover, especially an illicit one
Example
The secret paramour was finally revealed.
秘密情人终于被揭露。
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/

picaresque

流氓英雄的故事
Meaning
relating to a style of fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish hero
Example
The novel is a picaresque tale of a clever vagabond.
这本小说是一个聪明流浪汉的皮卡雷斯克故事。
C2 verb /ˈprætəl/

prattle

喋喋不休
Meaning
to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
Example
The children would prattle on about their games.
孩子们会不停地谈论他们的游戏。
C2 noun /pəˈnʌmbrə/

penumbra

部分阴影
Meaning
a partially shaded area around the shadow of an object, especially during an eclipse
Example
The moon’s penumbra created a dim shadow over the Earth.
月亮的阴影带在地球上创造了一个微弱的阴影。
C2 noun /ˈpɛd.ən.tri/

pedantry

对小细节或规则的过度关注
Meaning
Excessive concern with minor details or rules.
Example
His pedantry made the meeting unnecessarily long.
他的偏执让会议变得不必要地漫长。
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

吝啬
Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
公司太吝啬，无法投资更好的设备。
C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

哲学
Meaning
to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.
他喜欢谈论生活及其意义。
C2 noun /ˈplɛnɪtjuːd/

plenitude

丰富
Meaning
the condition of being full or abundant; a great quantity
Example
The garden was a plenitude of flowers in spring.
春天的花园充满了花卉的丰富性。