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C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

木质地板
Meaning
A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.
Example
The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.
那座古老的豪宅有一块漂亮的木质地板。
C1 adjective /ˈplæsɪd/

placid

平静的，安宁的
Meaning
calm and peaceful, not easily disturbed
Example
She had a placid expression despite the chaos around her.
尽管周围一片混乱，她的表情依然平静。
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/

parisian

与巴黎相关
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
她在派对上穿着巴黎风格的裙子。
C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

牧师
Meaning
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation
Example
The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.
牧师讲了一场充满同情的讲道。
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

预定
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
比赛结果似乎是预定的。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

秘密知识
Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
她知道机密讨论。
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

致病的
Meaning
Capable of causing disease.
Example
Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.
有些细菌是无害的，而其他的则是高度致病的。
C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

倾向
Meaning
Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.
Example
She is predisposed to trust people easily.
她容易轻易相信别人。
C1 adjective /pərˈtɜːrbd/

perturbed

不安的
Meaning
feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed
Example
He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.
他听到坏消息后看起来很不安。
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.əns/

pittance

微薄收入
Meaning
a very small or inadequate amount of money
Example
She worked long hours for a mere pittance.
她为了微薄收入工作了很长时间。
C1 adjective /pərˈvɜːrs/

perverse

变态
Meaning
showing a deliberate desire to behave in a way that is unreasonable, contrary, or unacceptable
Example
He took a perverse pleasure in upsetting his colleagues.
他从使同事不安中获得变态的快乐。
C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

幸福
Meaning
To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.
Example
The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈpɑːrtɪzən/

partisan

党派支持者
Meaning
A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.
Example
The debate quickly turned partisan, with each side defending their own agenda.
辩论迅速变得党派化，每一方都在捍卫自己的议程。
C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

假设; 推定;
Meaning
an idea that is taken to be true without proof
Example
There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.
法律系统中有无罪推定。
C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.nɪ.tɪv/

punitive

惩罚性
Meaning
Inflicting or intended as punishment.
Example
The company faced punitive measures for violating the law.
该公司因违反法律而面临惩罚性措施。
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

悲伤, 痛苦
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
告别的悲痛让每个人的眼睛都充满了泪水。
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

洗劫
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
入侵军队洗劫了村庄，拿走了所有贵重物品。
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

极化的
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
辩论使社区在气候变化问题上分裂。
C1 noun /ˌpæl.pɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Palpitation

由于激动或医学状况引起的明显快速、强烈或不规则的心跳
Meaning
a noticeably rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat due to agitation or medical condition
Example
She experienced palpitations before her job interview.
她在面试前感受到了心悸。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

民意调查员
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
民意调查员预测了一个接近的选举结果。
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptəbl̩/

perceptible

可察觉的
Meaning
Able to be noticed or recognized by the senses or the mind.
Example
There was a perceptible change in the atmosphere.
大气中有一个可察觉的变化。
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

序言
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
这本小说以一段设定在过去的简短序言开始。
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

延长的, 持久的, 拉长的
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
谈判持续了几个月。
C1 adjective /fəˈnɛtɪk/

phonetic

语音的
Meaning
relating to the sounds of speech or pronunciation
Example
The teacher taught the students the phonetic spelling of difficult words.
老师教学生们困难单词的音标拼写。
C1 verb /pɛk/

Peck

啄
Meaning
To strike or bite something with a beak; to eat in small bites.
Example
The hen began to peck at the grains scattered on the ground.
母鸡开始啄地面上散落的谷物。
C1 verb ˈplʌmɪtɪŋ

plummeting

急剧下降
Meaning
Falling or dropping suddenly and steeply; decreasing rapidly
Example
The fertility rate in Bangladesh is plummeting.
孟加拉国的生育率急剧下降。
C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

悲悯
Meaning
a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion
Example
The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.
这部纪录片平衡了悲悯与希望，使观众既流泪又思考。
C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

pathological

病理的, 异常的
Meaning
Relating to disease; extreme or obsessive in a way that is abnormal.
Example
He has a pathological fear of failure.
他对失败有病理性的恐惧。
C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

对他人有不合理的恐惧或怀疑
Meaning
having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others
Example
She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.
她在听到外面奇怪的声音后变得偏执。
C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

巧妙的计谋
Meaning
a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage
Example
She used a clever ploy to win the debate.
她用了一招聪明的伎俩来赢得辩论。
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

小贩
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
小贩走过村庄，卖着新鲜的水果。
C1 noun /prəˈpraɪəti/

propriety

得体
Meaning
Conformity to accepted standards of behavior or morality.
Example
He always behaved with the utmost propriety in public.
他在公共场合总是表现得体。
C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

与众不同的风格
Meaning
Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.
Example
He delivered his speech with great panache.
他以极大的自信发表了演讲。
C1 noun /pɛnˈtæθlɒn/

pentathlon

五项全能
Meaning
An athletic contest featuring five different events.
Example
She trained hard to compete in the modern pentathlon.
她为参加现代五项全能而努力训练。
C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

主导地位
Meaning
The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.
Example
The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.
在线购物的主导地位永久地改变了零售业。
C1 noun ˈpɛd.ə.ɡɒ.dʒi

pedagogy

教育学
Meaning
The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept.
Example
Modern pedagogy focuses on student-centered learning.
现代教育学注重以学生为中心的学习。
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

声望
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
她的工作在获奖后获得了声望。
C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

惊人的
Meaning
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Example
The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.
团队为按时完成项目做出了惊人的努力。
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

协议；契约
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
两国签署了一项和平协议以结束战争。
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

过多的数量
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
她的书架上有过多的书籍。
C1 adjective /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/

painstaking

非常小心
Meaning
Done with great care and thoroughness.
Example
The artist completed the project with painstaking detail.
艺术家以极其细致的方式完成了这个项目。
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/

prognosis

预后
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
医生给出了患者康复的积极预后。
C1 adjective /pəˈnʌltɪmət/

penultimate

倒数第二
Meaning
second to the last in a sequence or series
Example
She finished the penultimate chapter before going to sleep.
她在睡觉前完成了倒数第二章。
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

荒谬的, 可笑的
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
认为猪能飞的想法是荒谬的。
C1 noun /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

proliferation

增殖
Meaning
Rapid increase in the number or amount of something; rapid multiplication or growth.
Example
The proliferation of malware is a growing concern.
恶意软件的增殖是一个日益严重的问题。
C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

困惑 / 迷惑
Meaning
To confuse or puzzle someone.
Example
The complex instructions perplexed the students.
复杂的指示使学生感到困惑。
C1 adjective /pɑːrtʃt/

parched

极度口渴
Meaning
extremely dry, especially because of heat or thirst
Example
After walking in the desert, he was parched with thirst.
在沙漠中走路后，他极度口渴。
C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

推
Meaning
to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object
Example
She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.
她用手肘轻轻推了推他，引起了他的注意。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrpətreɪt/

perpetrate

实施
Meaning
To commit or carry out, typically a harmful, illegal, or immoral act.
Example
The hackers perpetrated a massive cyber attack on the company.
黑客对公司进行了大规模的网络攻击。
C1 noun /ˈprɒksi/

proxy

代理人
Meaning
A person authorized to act on behalf of another; a substitute.
Example
She voted by proxy at the meeting.
她在会议上通过代理投票。
C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

极性
Meaning
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects
Example
The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.
两个政治党派之间的极性越来越强。
C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

实践主义
Meaning
A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.
Example
His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.
他的实践主义帮助解决了金融危机。
C1 noun /ˈpɛntəɡən/

pentagon

Meaning
A plane figure with five straight sides and five angles; also refers to the US Department of Defense building.
Example
The Pentagon is one of the most iconic government buildings in the United States.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

突如其来的剧烈疼痛或情绪痛苦
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
她在争论后感到一阵内疚的疼痛。
C1 noun /ˌtɛrəˈdæktɪl/

pterodactyl

已灭绝的飞行爬行动物
Meaning
An extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic period, with a long slender head and wings formed by a membrane stretching along the body.
Example
The museum displayed a fossil of a giant pterodactyl.
博物馆展示了一只巨大的翼龙化石。
C1 noun /ˈper.ɪ.wɪŋ.kəl/

Periwinkle

长春花
Meaning
a small trailing plant with violet-blue or white flowers
Example
Purple periwinkles covered the garden ground beautifully.
紫色的长春花美丽地覆盖了花园的土地。
C1 verb /piːk/

pique

激发
Meaning
to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger
Example
Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.
她的评论激起了他对秘密项目的好奇心。
C1 noun ˈpær.ə.daɪm

paradigm

范式
Meaning
A typical example or pattern of something; a model or framework for understanding or approaching something.
Example
The paradigm of education is changing with digital technology.
教育的范式正在随着数字技术而改变。
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

多边形
Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
艺术家在画布上画了一个五彩的多边形。
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

原始的
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
科学家研究了原始汤，生命由此诞生。
C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

语音的
Meaning
relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics
Example
Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.
孩子们学习语音规则，以准确阅读新单词。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

稀缺 / 缺乏
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
由于资金短缺，项目被推迟了。
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːndərəs/

ponderous

沉重而缓慢
Meaning
slow and clumsy because of great weight; dull and labored
Example
The ponderous lecture made it hard for students to stay awake.
这堂沉重而缓慢的讲座使学生们难以保持清醒。
C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

至关重要
Meaning
more important than anything else; supreme
Example
Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.
在这家工厂里，安全至关重要。
C1 adjective /pɒˈstɪəriər/

posterior

后部
Meaning
Situated at or toward the back; later in time.
Example
The posterior part of the brain controls vision.
大脑的后部控制视觉。
C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti

process stability

过程稳定性
Meaning
The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes
Example
Cold air ensures process stability in plants.
冷空气确保植物的过程稳定性。
C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/

peddle

推销
Meaning
To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.
Example
Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.
街头小贩向游客出售手工珠宝。
C1 adjective /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/

Pungent

刺鼻的
Meaning
sharp; strong-smelling; acrid;
Example
The pungent smell of garlic filled the kitchen.
大蒜刺鼻的气味充满了厨房。
C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

个性化, 定制化
Meaning
The action of making something personal or individual; customization.
Example
Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.
营销中的个性化提升了客户的参与度。
C1 noun /ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪd ˈrɛz.ɪ.djuː/

pesticide-residue

农药残留
Meaning
Chemical remnants left over from pesticides used on crops or in soil.
Example
Excess pesticide-residue in food can be harmful to health.
食物中的农药残留过多可能对健康有害。
C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

校对
Meaning
to read written material and mark any errors
Example
She proofread the report before submission.
她在提交前校对了报告。
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

自负的
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
他在没有征求他人意见的情况下做出决定，显得非常自负。
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

撅嘴
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
孩子没得到玩具时开始撅嘴。
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

前言
Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
宪法的序言概述了其指导原则。
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

慈善事业
Meaning
the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes
Example
Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.
慈善事业帮助改善了许多发展中国家的医疗保健。
C1 noun /ˈpɪk.æks/

Pick-axe

鹤嘴锄
Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head and long handle used for breaking up hard ground or rock
Example
The miner used a pick-axe to break through the rocky surface.
矿工用鹤嘴锄打破了岩石表面。
C1 verb /per/

pare

削皮
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
她在吃苹果前削了皮。
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

陷阱，困难
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
投资者必须意识到市场中的陷阱。
C1 noun /ˈpɪn.sərz/

Pincers

钳子
Meaning
a tool made of two curved or hinged pieces of metal used for gripping and pulling things
Example
The chef used pincers to remove the hot pot from the stove.
厨师用钳子把热锅从炉子上取下来。
C1 adjective /proʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/

prosaic

平凡的
Meaning
ordinary, dull, or lacking imagination
Example
The teacher’s explanation was accurate but rather prosaic.
老师的解释很准确，但相当平凡。
C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

普遍的
Meaning
Existing in or spreading through every part of something
Example
Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.
普遍的技术已成为日常生活的重要组成部分。
C1 noun /ˈpɑːrtʃmənt/

parchment

羊皮纸
Meaning
a thin material made from animal skin, used in the past for writing
Example
The ancient manuscript was written on parchment.
古老的手稿写在羊皮纸上。
C1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk ˈflaʊ.ər/

Peacock flower

孔雀花
Meaning
a tropical tree with bright orange and red flowers that resemble a peacock's tail
Example
The peacock flower tree blooms with stunning orange flowers in summer.
孔雀花树在夏季开着令人惊叹的橙色花朵。
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

家族背景
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
她的高贵家族背景使她有机会进入皇宫。
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

神的眷顾
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
他们相信他们的生存归功于神的眷顾。
C1 verb /ˈpæri/

parry

挡开攻击
Meaning
to ward off or deflect an attack, especially in fencing or conversation
Example
He managed to parry the opponent’s sword with quick reflexes.
他凭借快速的反应成功挡开了对手的剑。
C1 adjective /ˈplɒd.ɪŋ/

plodding

缓慢且乏味
Meaning
slow-moving and unexciting; showing steady effort
Example
The movie was entertaining but a bit plodding in the middle.
这部电影很有趣，但中间有点缓慢且乏味。
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/

percolate

Meaning
To filter gradually through a porous surface or substance; to spread slowly.
Example
The rainwater percolated through the soil into the groundwater.
C1 adjective /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

pedagogical

教育学的
Meaning
Relating to teaching and education; concerned with the methods and practice of teaching.
Example
The school adopted new pedagogical techniques to improve learning.
学校采用了新的教育学技术来改善学习。
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

忏悔
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
他在意识到自己的错误后，眼中充满了忏悔。
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

矿产勘探员
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
矿产勘探员花了多年在山中寻找黄金。
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.ləs/

pitiless

无情
Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel
Example
The pitiless ruler ignored the suffering of his people.
无情的统治者忽视了他人民的痛苦。
C1 noun /ˈpɔː.pəs/

Porpoise

海豚
Meaning
a small toothed whale with a low triangular dorsal fin and a blunt rounded snout
Example
The porpoise jumped gracefully out of the water.
海豚优雅地跃出水面。
C1 adjective /prəˈvɒkətɪv/

provocative

挑衅的
Meaning
Intended to make people angry, excited, or interested.
Example
She wore a provocative dress to the party.
她穿了一件挑衅的衣服去参加派对。
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

可行
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
没有更多的资源，这个计划是不可行的。
C1 noun /ˈpɪɡmənt/

pigment

颜料
Meaning
a natural or artificial substance used to give color to something
Example
The artist mixed different pigments to create the perfect shade of blue.
艺术家混合了不同的颜料，以创造出完美的蓝色阴影。
C1 noun /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi/

psychotherapy

心理治疗
Meaning
The treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.
Example
She attended weekly psychotherapy sessions to cope with her anxiety.
她参加了每周的心理治疗会议，以应对她的焦虑。
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/

predatory

掠食者/剥削者
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
掠食性鸟类扑向它的猎物。
C1 verb /ˈpʌlseɪt/

pulsate

跳动
Meaning
to expand and contract rhythmically; to throb or beat
Example
The neon lights pulsated with a steady rhythm.
霓虹灯光以稳定的节奏跳动。
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

渗透性，允许液体或气体通过的质量或状态
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
土壤的渗透性影响水分保持。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

效能
Meaning
The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.
Example
The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.
新药的效能令医生们惊讶。
C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

北极星
Meaning
a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation
Example
Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.
水手们用北极星导航穿越大海。
C1 noun /ˌpɪɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən/

pigmentation

色素沉着
Meaning
The natural coloring of animal or plant tissue.
Example
Excessive rubbing can cause pigmentation issues.
过度摩擦可能会导致色素沉着问题。
C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

皮恩
Meaning
a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks
Example
The office peon delivered the files to each department.
办公室的皮恩将文件送到每个部门。
C1 verb /plʌm/

plumb

测量深度或仔细检查
Meaning
to measure the depth of water or examine closely
Example
They used a line to plumb the depth of the lake.
他们用一条线来测量湖的深度。
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.meɪt/

primate

灵长类动物, 类人猿
Meaning
A member of the group of animals including humans, apes, and monkeys.
Example
Humans are classified as primates.
人类被归类为灵长类动物。
C1 adjective /ˈpɔɪ.njənt/

poignant

动人, 深刻
Meaning
evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; deeply touching
Example
The movie's ending was so poignant that many in the audience were moved to tears.
这部电影的结尾如此动人，以至于许多观众都感动得流泪。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

罪犯
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
警方逮捕了犯罪嫌疑人。
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

忏悔; 为做错事所接受的惩罚
Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
和尚因他的过去错误而进行忏悔。
C1 adjective /ˈprɪs.tiːn/

pristine

原始的, 未被破坏的, 干净新鲜的
Meaning
In its original condition; unspoiled, clean, and fresh.
Example
The forest remains in a pristine condition.
森林保持着原始的状态。
C1 noun /ˈprɛəri/

prairie

大草原
Meaning
A large open area of grassland, especially in North America.
Example
The bison roamed freely across the prairie.
野牛在大草原上自由地游荡。
C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

一根大而柔软的羽毛，或者类似羽毛的东西
Meaning
a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather
Example
The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.
士兵戴着一根红色羽毛在他的头盔上。
C1 noun /ˈproʊbeɪt/

probate

遗嘱认证
Meaning
the official proving of a will in a court of law
Example
The family had to go through probate after his death.
家人必须在他去世后通过遗嘱认证程序。
C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

客套话
Meaning
a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes
Example
They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.
他们在会议开始前交换了客套话。
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrkəleɪtər/

percolator

咖啡滤泡壶
Meaning
A device used for brewing coffee by continually cycling boiling water through coffee grounds.
Example
She made a fresh pot of coffee using the percolator.
她使用滤泡壶做了一杯新鲜的咖啡。
C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

豪猪
Meaning
a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body
Example
The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.
豪猪在受到威胁时竖起了它的刺。
C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

设备
Meaning
Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.
Example
The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.
渔夫把所有钓鱼设备放在一个大盒子里。
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/

pathology

病理学
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
病理学的进展帮助医生迅速识别罕见的感染。
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪfərəl/

peripheral

外周的
Meaning
Relating to or situated on the edge or outer parts of something.
Example
The town is located on the peripheral area of the city.
这座城市位于城市的外周区域。
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

开创性任务
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
阿耳忒弥斯是一次开创性的太空探索任务。