incubation
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C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

将蛋、细胞或生物置于适宜的环境条件中以促进其发展的过程
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
蛋的孵化持续了三周。
C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

偶像崇拜
Meaning
To admire or worship someone excessively.
Example
Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.
粉丝们常常因为他们的才华和生活方式而崇拜名人。
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

不可逆的损害
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
气候变化对生态系统造成了不可逆的损害。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

无法形容
Meaning
impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description
Example
The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.
夕阳的美丽是无法形容的。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

不可撤销
Meaning
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
Example
She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.
她做出了一个不可撤销的决定离开公司。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

无可比拟
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
山顶的景色无可比拟。
C1 verb /ɪnˈskraɪb/

inscribe

铭刻
Meaning
to write or carve words or symbols on a surface
Example
They inscribed her name on the trophy.
他们把她的名字刻在奖杯上。
C1 adjective ˌɪdiəsɪnˈkrætɪk

idiosyncratic

独特且个性化
Meaning
Relating to idiosyncrasy; peculiar or individual.
Example
His idiosyncratic behavior set him apart from his colleagues.
他的独特行为使他与同事们区别开来。
C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

理想化
Meaning
To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.
Example
Children often idealize their parents.
孩子们常常理想化他们的父母。
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

翻转
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
他翻转了玻璃杯，让水流出来。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

无法忍受
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
夏天的炎热是无法忍受的。
C1 adjective, noun /ˈɪnvəlɪd/ (adjective), /ɪnˈvælɪd/ (noun)

invalid

无效的
Meaning
Not valid; having no force or effect. Also refers to a person too weak or ill to care for themselves.
Example
The court declared the contract invalid.
法院宣布合同无效。
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpjəd(ə)nt/

impudent

无礼的，厚颜无耻的
Meaning
not showing due respect for another person; rude
Example
The impudent child talked back to the teacher.
那个无礼的孩子顶撞老师。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdiːsənt/

indecent

不雅的
Meaning
not conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality; improper or offensive
Example
He was warned for making an indecent remark during the meeting.
他因为说了不雅的话而受到警告。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

起诉
Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
大陪审团决定控告该政治家腐败。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt

intermittent

间歇的
Meaning
Happening irregularly, not continuously.
Example
The rain was intermittent throughout the day.
雨整天都间歇不断。
C1 noun /ˈɪd.i.əm/

idiom

习语
Meaning
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words.
Example
The idiom 'break the ice' means to start a conversation in a friendly way.
习语 '打破僵局' 意味着以友好的方式开始对话。
C1 verb /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/

irrigate

灌溉
Meaning
to supply water to land or crops; to wash out a wound with water
Example
Farmers irrigate their fields during dry seasons.
农民在干旱季节灌溉他们的田地。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛtʃ.u.əs/

impetuous

冲动的
Meaning
Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
Example
His impetuous decision led to unexpected consequences.
他冲动的决定导致了意想不到的后果。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

非法的
Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
警方关闭了非法毒品交易。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

不频繁
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
他在搬到国外后，偶尔才回家乡。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

有教育意义的
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
这场讲座非常有教育意义且引人入胜。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt/

incompetent

Meaning
Lacking the necessary ability or skills to do something successfully.
Example
He was fired because he was incompetent at his job.
C1 noun /ˌɪrɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/

irresponsibility

不负责任
Meaning
lack of responsibility or accountability; failure to act in a reliable or sensible way
Example
The accident was caused by his irresponsibility at work.
事故是由于他在工作中的不负责任造成的。
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

原住民传统
Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
吉大港山区的原住民传统独特。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl/

Ineligible

不合格; 不适合; 无资格
Meaning
not qualified or entitled to participate or be chosen; unsuitable
Example
Students with poor grades are ineligible for the scholarship program.
成绩差的学生不符合奖学金计划的资格。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

impersonal

非个人化
Meaning
not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings; lacking human warmth or emotion
Example
The letter was written in a very impersonal style.
信件是以非常非个人化的风格写的。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

草药注入
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
她准备了一杯舒缓的洋甘菊茶注入。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tɪv/

instinctive

本能的, 自然的, 自动的
Meaning
Based on instinct; done without conscious thought; natural and automatic.
Example
His instinctive reaction saved his life.
他的本能反应救了他的生命。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

不可食用
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
蘑菇是有毒的，完全不可食用。
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

强化
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
气候变化的强化需要紧急行动。
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

惯性；缺乏活动
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
团队的惯性阻止了他们适应迅速变化的市场条件。
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/

intricacy

复杂性
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
设计的复杂性给每个人留下了深刻印象。
C1 adjective /ɪˈmoʊbəl/

immobile

无法移动
Meaning
unable to move or be moved
Example
After the accident, he was immobile for weeks.
事故发生后，他几周都无法移动。
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

指数
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
公告后，股市指数急剧下跌。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

内省
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
通过内省，她对自己的情感有了更深刻的理解。
C1 noun /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/

inadequacy

不足
Meaning
lack of sufficient ability, quality, or strength; a feeling of not being good enough
Example
She struggled with feelings of inadequacy at work despite her strong qualifications.
尽管资历很强，她在工作中仍感到不足。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/

impediment

障碍
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; something that prevents progress.
Example
Lack of funds is a major impediment to the project.
资金不足是项目的主要障碍。
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

牵涉
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
证据揭示了几名官员在丑闻中的牵涉。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

抑制的
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
他太抑制自己，无法表达真实的感受。
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

难以辨认
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
医生的字迹几乎难以辨认。
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

入侵
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
军队在边境击退了敌人的入侵。
C1 noun /aɪˈtɪnərɛri/

itinerary

行程安排
Meaning
A planned route or schedule of a journey or trip.
Example
The travel agent gave us a detailed itinerary for our vacation.
旅行社为我们的假期提供了详细的行程安排。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

不可战胜
Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
这支队伍在连续赢得十场比赛后，看起来不可战胜。
C1 noun /ˈɪnˌmeɪt/

inmate

囚犯
Meaning
a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital
Example
The prison has over a thousand inmates.
监狱里有超过一千名囚犯。
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

香火 / 激怒
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
香火的气味充满了寺庙，但他粗鲁的话让她非常生气。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

可互换的
Meaning
able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function
Example
These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.
这些机器部件是可互换的，所以它们可以轻松地被替换。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

虚弱
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
那位虚弱的老人需要帮助才能走路。
C1 adjective, noun /ɪnˈdɪkətɪv/

indicative

指示性
Meaning
Serving as a sign or expression of something; in grammar, a mood used to make factual statements.
Example
His tone was indicative of his frustration.
他的语气表明了他的沮丧。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直觉的
Meaning
Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.
Example
The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.
该软件具有直观的设计，使其易于使用。
C1 noun ˌɪm.pʌlˈsɪv.ɪ.ti

impulsivity

冲动性
Meaning
The tendency to act quickly and without thought or care; lack of self-control.
Example
His impulsivity led him to make reckless choices.
他的冲动性让他做出了鲁莽的决定。
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

水道口
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
船只进入了沿海的一条狭窄的水道口。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

ingrained

根深蒂固
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.
Example
His ingrained habits were hard to break.
他的根深蒂固的习惯很难改变。
C1 noun /ˈɪnflʌks/

influx

涌入
Meaning
A large arrival or flow of people or things.
Example
The city experienced an influx of tourists during the festival.
这座城市在节日期间经历了大量游客的涌入。
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

无限期
Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
该项目已无限期推迟。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

传授
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
老师将宝贵的知识传授给她的学生。
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

进口
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
奢侈品的进口受到严格监管。
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

侵扰, 在某个地方出现异常大量的昆虫或动物
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
厨房里蚂蚁的侵扰导致了立即采取害虫控制措施。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

无效
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
经理无效的领导导致团队失去了动力。
C1 noun ˈɪm.pɪ.təs

impetus

推动力
Meaning
The force or motivation that drives something forward; momentum.
Example
The new policy provided an impetus for economic growth.
新政策为经济增长提供了推动力。
C1 adjective ɪˈneɪt

Innate

与生俱来的或自然的
Meaning
Existing from birth or natural
Example
She has an innate talent for music.
她有天生的音乐才华。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdefɪnət/

Indefinite

不确定的
Meaning
not clearly defined; uncertain; vague; unlimited in time
Example
The meeting has been postponed for an indefinite period.
会议被推迟到一个不确定的时期。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/

inductive

归纳的
Meaning
characterized by the inference of general laws from particular instances; reasoning from specific cases to general principles
Example
The scientist used inductive reasoning to form a hypothesis.
科学家使用归纳推理来形成假设。
C1 adjective /ˈɪrɪtəbl/

irritable

Meaning
easily annoyed or made angry
Example
She became irritable after working long hours without rest.
C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

僵局
Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
谈判陷入僵局，导致协议被推迟。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

侵犯
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
未經許可複製此軟件將侵犯版權法。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

膨胀
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
公司因其膨胀的价格而遭受批评。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

无法接近
Meaning
unable to be reached, entered, or understood
Example
The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
这个偏远的村庄在雨季几乎是无法接近的。
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/

interplay

相互作用
Meaning
The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
Example
The interplay between culture and technology shapes modern life.
文化与技术之间的相互作用塑造了现代生活。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

难以忍受的
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
建筑工地的噪音让人无法忍受。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

幸福
Meaning
causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion
Example
His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.
她在收到奖项时无法隐藏自己的幸福感。
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌluːd/

interlude

插曲
Meaning
A short period of time that comes between two events; an interval.
Example
There was a brief musical interlude between the two acts of the play.
在剧本的两个场景之间有一个简短的音乐插曲。
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

未经授权的进入
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
公司在其服务器中发现了入侵。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

阻碍
Meaning
To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.
Example
Lack of funds can impede business growth.
资金短缺可能阻碍商业增长。
C1 adjective ˈɪn.lənd

Inland

内陆
Meaning
Situated in the interior of a country; away from the coast.
Example
Inland transport boosts local trade.
内陆交通促进了当地的贸易。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

无礼
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
老师对学生的无礼感到震惊。
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

中场休息
Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
话剧有二十分钟的中场休息。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

不谨慎
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
他在公众场合提到计划是不谨慎的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

Meaning
unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

复杂
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
艺术家在墙上创造了一个复杂的图案。
C1 adjective ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv

incisive

尖锐
Meaning
Intelligently analytical and clear-thinking; showing clear thought and good understanding of what is important.
Example
His incisive comments revealed the core issues.
他的尖锐评论揭示了核心问题。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

incitement

煽动
Meaning
the action of provoking unlawful or violent behavior
Example
He was arrested for incitement to riot.
他因煽动暴乱被逮捕。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

坚持的
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
孩子坚持要得到一个新玩具。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

遭受
Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
他因在错误的地方停车而被罚款。
C1 noun /ɪˈrɛlɪvənsi/

irrelevancy

无关性
Meaning
the state of being unrelated or unimportant to the matter at hand
Example
The judge dismissed the argument because of its irrelevancy to the case.
法官因该论点与案件无关而将其驳回。
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

迭代
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
软件团队将反复迭代设计，直到满足用户需求。
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

不可磨灭的
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
她的演讲给观众留下了不可磨灭的印象。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

无数; 无尽; 无限
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
夜空中有无数的星星，我们无法用肉眼看到。
C1 noun ɪnˈdʌldʒəns

indulgence

放纵
Meaning
The practice of allowing oneself to enjoy the pleasure of something.
Example
His indulgence in junk food affected his health.
他在垃圾食品上的放纵影响了他的健康。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈspjuːtəbəl/

Indisputable

不可争辩的; 不容否认的; 确定的
Meaning
impossible to deny or argue against; undeniable; certain
Example
The evidence against him was indisputable.
反对他的证据是不可争辩的。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

不可或缺的能力
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
数字素养是21世纪不可或缺的能力。
C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/

inane

无意义的, 傻的
Meaning
lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless
Example
The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.
这部电影因其无意义的对话而受到批评。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

惰性
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
病人躺在床上保持不动。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

代际的，存在于不同代际之间
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
代际智慧确保文化的延续。
C1 noun /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛləti/

infidelity

不忠
Meaning
the act of being unfaithful to a spouse or partner
Example
Their marriage ended due to his infidelity.
他们的婚姻因他的不忠而结束。
C1 verb /ˌɪntərˈsɛpt/

intercept

Meaning
to stop, catch, or seize something on its way from one place to another
Example
The police intercepted the stolen car before it crossed the border.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

即时性, 紧迫感
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
数字通信的即时性已经改变了商业操作。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

星际的，星际间，宇宙的
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
科学家研究星际旅行的可能性。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
C1 noun /ˌɪmɔːrˈtæləti/

immortality

不朽
Meaning
the state of living forever; eternal life or lasting fame beyond death
Example
Many ancient cultures believed that heroes could achieve immortality through great deeds.
许多古代文化相信英雄可以通过伟大的事迹获得不朽。
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

事件发生率
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
今年道路事故的发生率有所下降。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

不纯
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
不纯的水在村庄里引起了健康问题。
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

理想主义的
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
她对改变世界有着理想主义的看法。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl̩/

inconceivable

难以想象
Meaning
Impossible to imagine or believe; beyond comprehension.
Example
It seemed inconceivable that she could finish the marathon after such little training.
在如此少的训练之后，她能够完成马拉松，这简直难以想象。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/

inorganic

无机的
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
无机化合物是化学的重要部分。
C1 noun ˌɪnˈsaɪtfʊlnɪs

insightfulness

洞察力，分析能力
Meaning
The capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
Example
His insightfulness helped solve the complex problem.
他的洞察力帮助解决了复杂的问题。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

臭名昭著
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
这位独裁者因其残忍而臭名昭著。
C1 adjective /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

ideological

意识形态的
Meaning
Relating to or based on a system of ideas or beliefs.
Example
The two parties are divided by deep ideological differences.
这两个党派由于深刻的意识形态分歧而分裂。
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

倾向
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
她有帮助他人的倾向。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

侵入性的
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
医生解释说，该程序是最小的侵入性。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhjuːmən/

Inhuman

不人道的
Meaning
lacking human qualities; cruel; brutal; savage
Example
The dictator's inhuman treatment of prisoners shocked the international community.
独裁者对囚犯的非人道待遇震惊了国际社会。
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

无法察觉的
Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
他行为中的变化一开始几乎是无法察觉的。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.səˈbɔːr.dɪ.nət/

insubordinate

不服从
Meaning
Defiant of authority; disobedient to orders.
Example
The insubordinate employee refused to follow the manager's instructions.
不服从的员工拒绝遵循经理的指示。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

损害
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
吸烟可能会损害您的肺部容量。
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

无能
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
公民在腐败的系统面前感到无能为力。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

假扮
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
他因尝试冒充一名警察而被逮捕。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

幸福
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛpərəbəl/

Irreparable

不可修复的
Meaning
impossible to repair or fix; permanent damage that cannot be undone
Example
The accident caused irreparable damage to his spine.
事故导致了他脊柱的不可修复损伤。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

流入
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
游客的流入促进了当地经济的发展。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

诱因
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
公司提供了奖金作为员工的诱因。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

不一致
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
他的演讲充满了不一致，难以跟随。