impel
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C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

即时性, 紧迫感
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
数字通信的即时性已经改变了商业操作。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/

intuitive

直觉的
Meaning
Based on instinctive understanding rather than reasoning.
Example
The software has an intuitive design that makes it easy to use.
该软件具有直观的设计，使其易于使用。
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

沉浸
Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
沉浸在新的语言中。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

负债的; 感激的
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
我对我的老师为我提供的所有指导深感感激。
C1 verb /ɪnˈstɪl/

instill

灌输
Meaning
to gradually but firmly establish an idea, attitude, or habit in someone's mind
Example
Parents try to instill good values in their children.
父母试图在孩子们的心中灌输好的价值观。
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

低效率
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
政府低效率导致项目完成缓慢。
C1 noun /ˈɪnlɛt/

inlet

水道口
Meaning
A small arm of the sea, a lake, or a river; an opening or passage for entry.
Example
The boat entered a narrow inlet along the coast.
船只进入了沿海的一条狭窄的水道口。
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

沉浸
Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
沉浸在虚拟现实游戏中让用户感觉自己仿佛置身于虚拟世界。
C1 noun /ˌɪmpɔːrˈteɪʃən/

importation

进口
Meaning
The act of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad
Example
The importation of luxury goods is strictly regulated.
奢侈品的进口受到严格监管。
C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

继承人
Meaning
a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies
Example
She became the inheritor of her family's estate.
她成为了家族财产的继承人。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːʃən/

insertion

插入
Meaning
the action of inserting something into something else
Example
The insertion of the new data was completed successfully.
新数据的插入已成功完成。
C1 noun ɪnˈsɒl.vən.si

insolvency

破产
Meaning
The state of being unable to pay debts owed; bankruptcy.
Example
The company declared insolvency after years of losses.
公司在多年的亏损后宣布破产。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

虚弱
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
那位虚弱的老人需要帮助才能走路。
C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

肠
Meaning
The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.
Example
The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.
医生解释了营养物质如何在小肠中被吸收。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

障碍
Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
经济障碍常常阻碍社会发展。
C1 noun /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪtər/

incubator

恒温箱
Meaning
a device or environment that provides suitable conditions for eggs, cells, or infants to develop
Example
The premature baby was placed in an incubator for care.
早产儿被放入恒温箱接受护理。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

损害
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
吸烟可能会损害您的肺部容量。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

禁令
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
法院发布了一项禁令，阻止公司污染河流。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

无生命的物体
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
博物馆里充满了来自古代的无生命物体。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

宽容的
Meaning
Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.
Example
The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.
宽容的母亲让孩子晚点才睡。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɜːrt/

inert

惰性
Meaning
lacking the ability or strength to move or act; chemically inactive
Example
The patient remained inert on the bed.
病人躺在床上保持不动。
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

愤怒的
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
顾客在等待了几个小时后变得愤怒。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

跨学科的
Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
教育中的跨学科方法提高了解决问题的能力。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

ingenuity

独创性
Meaning
The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
Example
His ingenuity led to groundbreaking innovations.
他的独创性导致了开创性的创新。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

无可比拟
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
山顶的景色无可比拟。
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

自我反省
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
他常常在做重要决策之前 introspect
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

不可逾越
Meaning
Too great to be overcome.
Example
The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.
探险者在沙漠中面对着无法逾越的困难。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

indignant

愤怒
Meaning
Feeling or showing anger at something considered unfair or unjust.
Example
She was indignant when accused of cheating.
她在被指控作弊时感到愤怒。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/

intrepid

无畏
Meaning
fearless and adventurous, often used humorously
Example
The intrepid traveler explored the jungle alone.
那个无畏的旅行者独自探险了丛林。
C1 noun /ˈɪnˌmeɪt/

inmate

囚犯
Meaning
a person confined to an institution such as a prison or hospital
Example
The prison has over a thousand inmates.
监狱里有超过一千名囚犯。
C1 noun /ˌɪm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

Imposition

强加; 负担; 不公平的要求
Meaning
the action or process of imposing something or of being imposed; an unfair burden or demand
Example
The imposition of new taxes without consultation angered the citizens greatly.
未经咨询强加的新税让市民极为愤怒。
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

即将发生，临近状态
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
风暴的临近使人们不得不寻找庇护所。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsəbl/

insensible

昏迷
Meaning
Unconscious; unaware of or indifferent to something.
Example
He was insensible to the cold as he lay in the snow.
他在雪地里躺着时，对寒冷昏迷不觉。
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

不可或缺的能力
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
数字素养是21世纪不可或缺的能力。
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

不活动
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
长期不活动会对身体和心理健康产生负面影响。
C1 adjective /aɪˈdɪlɪk/

idyllic

田园诗般的美丽
Meaning
Like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.
Example
They enjoyed an idyllic vacation by the sea.
他们享受了一个田园诗般的海边假期。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.trəˈspek.tɪv

introspective

内省的
Meaning
Characterized by or given to introspection; examining one's own thoughts and feelings.
Example
Writers tend to be highly introspective individuals.
作家通常是高度内省的人。
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

不公平
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
社会不公平仍然是一个全球性问题。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

耻辱
Meaning
treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation
Example
She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.
她拒绝忍受在没有正当理由的情况下被搜身所带来的耻辱。
C1 noun /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛləti/

infidelity

不忠
Meaning
the act of being unfaithful to a spouse or partner
Example
Their marriage ended due to his infidelity.
他们的婚姻因他的不忠而结束。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.floʊ/

inflow

流入
Meaning
The movement of things such as money, people, or water into a place.
Example
The inflow of tourists boosted the local economy.
游客的流入促进了当地经济的发展。
C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

内心
Meaning
In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.
Example
She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.
她外表微笑，但内心却感到担忧。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

不谨慎
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
他在公众场合提到计划是不谨慎的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪdiəs/

insidious

阴险的
Meaning
Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects.
Example
The insidious spread of misinformation can damage trust.
错误信息的阴险传播可能会损害信任。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfɜː.mə.ti/

Infirmity

虚弱；疾病；虚弱
Meaning
physical or mental weakness; a disease or ailment; frailty
Example
Despite his advanced age and various infirmities, he remained mentally sharp and alert.
尽管他年事已高，且有多种病痛，他仍保持着敏捷和警觉。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

过度的
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
她在手机上花费了过多的时间。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈedəbəl/

Inedible

不可食用
Meaning
not suitable or safe for eating; not edible
Example
The mushrooms were poisonous and completely inedible.
蘑菇是有毒的，完全不可食用。
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

星际的，星际间，宇宙的
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
科学家研究星际旅行的可能性。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnbɔːrn/

Inborn

与生俱来的; 天生的; 内在的
Meaning
existing from birth; natural; inherent
Example
She has an inborn talent for music.
她有天生的音乐才能。
C1 noun ˌɪnfɛsˈteɪʃən

infestation

侵扰, 在某个地方出现异常大量的昆虫或动物
Meaning
The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, causing damage or disease.
Example
The infestation of ants in the kitchen led to immediate pest control measures.
厨房里蚂蚁的侵扰导致了立即采取害虫控制措施。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

坚持的
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
孩子坚持要得到一个新玩具。
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

幸福
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

内向
Meaning
The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.
Example
Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.
她的内向让她很难享受大型聚会。
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

不可逆的损害
Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
气候变化对生态系统造成了不可逆的损害。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈvɜːrtənt/

inadvertent

无意的, 非故意的
Meaning
Not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning; unintentional.
Example
Her inadvertent mistake caused a delay in the project.
她的无意错误导致了项目的延迟。
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

无能
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
他无能的处理使情况变得更糟。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/

intangible

无形的
Meaning
Unable to be touched or grasped; not having a physical presence.
Example
Trust is an intangible quality in relationships.
信任是关系中一种无形的品质。
C1 noun ɪnˈflɛk.ʃən

inflection

语调变化
Meaning
The change in pitch or tone of voice when speaking for emphasis.
Example
His inflection kept the audience engaged.
他的语调让观众保持关注。
C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

渗透
Meaning
to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group
Example
The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.
间谍们设法渗透敌人基地。
C1 noun /ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

imprisonment

监禁
Meaning
the act of putting someone in prison; the state of being confined as punishment
Example
He faced imprisonment for violating the court order.
他因违反法院命令而面临监禁。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

持续的
Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
建筑工地上不断的噪音使得集中精力变得困难。
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

不可抑制的
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
她在演讲中无法掩饰自己无法抑制的笑意。
C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

顺便
Meaning
by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject
Example
Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?
顺便问一下，你知道她曾经在巴黎学习吗？
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdiːsənt/

indecent

不雅的
Meaning
not conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality; improper or offensive
Example
He was warned for making an indecent remark during the meeting.
他因为说了不雅的话而受到警告。
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

香火 / 激怒
Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
香火的气味充满了寺庙，但他粗鲁的话让她非常生气。
C1 noun /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/

infusion

草药注入
Meaning
the act of introducing something into another; a drink made by steeping leaves or herbs in liquid
Example
She prepared a calming infusion of chamomile tea.
她准备了一杯舒缓的洋甘菊茶注入。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɜːrmənəbl/

interminable

无尽
Meaning
Seemingly endless; having no apparent end.
Example
The meeting felt interminable and exhausting.
会议感觉无尽且令人疲惫。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

难以忍受的
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
建筑工地的噪音让人无法忍受。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

inhibited

抑制的
Meaning
Unable to act in a relaxed and natural way, especially due to self-consciousness or restraint.
Example
He was too inhibited to express his true feelings.
他太抑制自己，无法表达真实的感受。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

失眠
Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.
她的慢性失眠让她在工作时难以集中注意力。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

不加区分的
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
滥用杀虫剂对环境造成了伤害。
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋkt/

indistinct

模糊的
Meaning
Not clear or sharply defined; vague or blurred.
Example
The sound of voices was indistinct in the distance.
远处的声音是模糊的。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

不活跃的
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
这座火山已休眠超过一个世纪。
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

基础设施发展
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
基础设施发展对高效的回收至关重要。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈkluːsɪv/

inconclusive

不确定的
Meaning
Not leading to a definite result or decision.
Example
The investigation remained inconclusive due to a lack of evidence.
由于缺乏证据，调查仍然是没有结果的。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

感染
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
老房子被老鼠感染。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməbəl/

Inflammable

易燃; 可燃
Meaning
easily set on fire; flammable; combustible
Example
The inflammable material caught fire quickly.
易燃材料很快着火了。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

膨胀
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
公司因其膨胀的价格而遭受批评。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

impersonal

非个人化
Meaning
not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings; lacking human warmth or emotion
Example
The letter was written in a very impersonal style.
信件是以非常非个人化的风格写的。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

不适宜居住的
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
沙漠是大多数植物无法生存的环境。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

臭名昭著
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
这位独裁者因其残忍而臭名昭著。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl/

incompatible

不兼容
Meaning
Not able to exist or work together without conflict.
Example
Their personalities were completely incompatible.
他们的个性完全不兼容。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

不一致
Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
他的笑话在严肃的会议中显得不一致。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒəns/

insurgence

叛乱
Meaning
An act of rebellion or uprising against authority.
Example
The government struggled to contain the growing insurgence.
政府难以控制日益增长的叛乱。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

诱因
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
公司提供了奖金作为员工的诱因。
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

倾向
Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
她有帮助他人的倾向。
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

监禁
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
当局在审判后将罪犯监禁。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

壮观的
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
这座城堡是一座壮观的建筑，俯瞰着山谷。
C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

著名
Meaning
Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.
Example
She had an illustrious career in medicine.
她在医学界有着著名的事业。
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.əns/

Indifference

冷漠; 漠视; 冷淡
Meaning
lack of interest, concern, or sympathy; the state of not caring about something
Example
His indifference to his studies resulted in poor grades throughout the semester.
他对学业的冷漠导致了整个学期的成绩很差。
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːtnəs/

incompleteness

不完整性
Meaning
the state of not being complete or whole; lack of necessary parts or fullness
Example
The incompleteness of the report caused delays in the project.
报告的不完整性导致了项目延误。
C1 adjective /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/

Idealistic

理想主义的
Meaning
pursuing high principles or ideals; unrealistically optimistic
Example
She has an idealistic view of changing the world.
她对改变世界有着理想主义的看法。
C1 noun /ˈɪn.fən.tri/

Infantry

步兵
Meaning
soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively
Example
The infantry advanced across the battlefield on foot.
步兵在战场上走路前进。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʌkt/

induct

Meaning
to formally admit someone into a position, organization, or office
Example
She was inducted into the university's honor society.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɜːs/

Inverse

相反的；反向的
Meaning
opposite in order, nature, or effect; reversed
Example
There is an inverse relationship between price and demand.
价格和需求之间存在逆向关系。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl/

Ineligible

不合格; 不适合; 无资格
Meaning
not qualified or entitled to participate or be chosen; unsuitable
Example
Students with poor grades are ineligible for the scholarship program.
成绩差的学生不符合奖学金计划的资格。
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

假扮
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
他因尝试冒充一名警察而被逮捕。
C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

语调
Meaning
The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.
Example
Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.
正确的语调提高演讲的清晰度。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

不可战胜
Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
这支队伍在连续赢得十场比赛后，看起来不可战胜。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

无礼
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
老师对学生的无礼感到震惊。
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

抑制
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
恐惧可能会抑制个人成长。
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

狭隘的，岛屿相关的
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
该社区因其对外来者的封闭态度而受到批评。
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

指数
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
公告后，股市指数急剧下跌。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

难以理解的
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
教授的讲座太快了，以至于变得难以理解。
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

倒置
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
在诗歌中，倒置常用来创造强调。
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

照亮
Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
路灯在夜晚照亮了道路。
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

愤慨
Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
在不公正的裁决之后，公众的愤慨情绪上升。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

疯狂; 精神错乱
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
辩护律师辩称，他的客户因精神错乱而不应被判有罪。
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvəkəbl/

irrevocable

不可撤销
Meaning
Not able to be revoked, changed, or undone.
Example
She made an irrevocable decision to leave the company.
她做出了一个不可撤销的决定离开公司。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

杀虫剂
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
农民在作物上喷洒杀虫剂，以保护它们免受有害昆虫的侵害。
C1 adjective ˈɪn.tər.ɪm

interim

临时
Meaning
In or for the intervening period; provisional or temporary.
Example
Interim governments manage transitional phases.
临时政府管理过渡阶段。
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/

infuriate

激怒
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His careless remarks infuriated the entire team.
他的不小心评论让整个团队生气。
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tʃu.əl/

ineffectual

无效
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; lacking the ability or qualities to achieve a purpose.
Example
The manager’s ineffectual leadership caused the team to lose motivation.
经理无效的领导导致团队失去了动力。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt/

incoherent

不连贯
Meaning
Not clear or easy to understand; lacking logical connection.
Example
His explanation was so incoherent that nobody could follow it.
他的解释如此不连贯，以至于没有人能理解。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

不纯
Meaning
contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances
Example
The impure water caused health problems in the village.
不纯的水在村庄里引起了健康问题。
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

牵涉
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
证据揭示了几名官员在丑闻中的牵涉。
C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

理想化
Meaning
To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.
Example
Children often idealize their parents.
孩子们常常理想化他们的父母。
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

Illogical

不合逻辑的
Meaning
not reasonable or sensible; lacking logic
Example
It would be illogical to go swimming in such cold weather.
在这么冷的天气下游泳是不合逻辑的。