dampen
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C1 verb /ˈdæmpən/

dampen

使潮湿，减弱
Meaning
to make something slightly wet; to make something less strong, active, or intense
Example
The rain dampened the excitement of the outdoor concert.
雨水减弱了户外音乐会的兴奋。
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

契约
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
房东和租户签署了一份契约，以保持财产。
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

夹板
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
医生为病人的断臂稳定应用了夹板。
C1 noun/verb /ˈsuː.tʃər/

suture

缝合
Meaning
A stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision.
Example
The doctor used a suture to close the wound.
医生使用了缝合线来闭合伤口。
C1 noun /ˈæk.jʊ.mən/

acumen

敏锐
Meaning
The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions; keenness and depth of perception.
Example
His business acumen helped the company grow rapidly.
他的商业敏锐帮助公司迅速成长。
C1 noun /ˈneb.jʊ.lə/

nebula

星云
Meaning
A cloud of gas and dust in outer space, sometimes visible in the night sky.
Example
The Orion Nebula is one of the brightest in the sky.
猎户座星云是天空中最明亮的之一。
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

酒窝
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
她迷人的酒窝每次对孩子们微笑时都会出现。
C1 noun /ˌrɛfjʊˈteɪʃən/

refutation

驳斥
Meaning
The act of proving a statement or argument to be false or incorrect.
Example
Her essay was a strong refutation of the opposing theory.
她的文章是对对立理论的有力驳斥。
C1 noun /ˈblɒk.ɪdʒ/

Blockage

阻塞
Meaning
an obstruction that makes movement or flow difficult or impossible
Example
The drain blockage caused water to overflow in the kitchen.
排水管的阻塞导致水在厨房溢出。
C1 noun ˌhaɪ.drəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈsaɪ.kəl

hydrological cycle

水文循环
Meaning
The cycle of processes by which water circulates between the earth's oceans, atmosphere, and land.
Example
The hydrological cycle ensures continuous water movement in nature.
水文循环确保自然界中水的持续流动。
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

收养的
Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
她在一个充满爱的收养家庭中长大。
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/

Saphire

蓝宝石
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
皇家王冠上镶嵌着一颗大蓝宝石。
C1 noun /kæpˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

Captivity

禁锢
Meaning
the condition of being imprisoned or confined
Example
After years of captivity, the prisoner was finally released.
经过多年的禁锢，囚犯终于被释放。
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

汇流
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
来自不同文化的思想汇流，创造了一场丰富的讨论。
C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

神学的
Meaning
Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.
Example
He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.
他写了一篇关于神圣正义概念的神学论文。
C1 noun /ˌriː.əˈdʒʌst.mənt/

readjustment

Meaning
The act of changing or correcting something again to make it suitable or balanced.
Example
After moving to a new city, he went through a period of readjustment.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɑːrʃəl/

Impartial

公正的; 中立的
Meaning
treating all sides fairly; unbiased; neutral
Example
A good judge must remain impartial throughout the trial.
一个好的法官必须在整个审判过程中保持公正。
C1 noun /fiːt/

feat

壮举
Meaning
an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength
Example
Climbing Mount Everest was a remarkable feat.
攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项非凡的壮举。
C1 noun /ˈɡrɪd.lɒk/

gridlock

完全的交通阻塞或停滞状态
Meaning
Complete traffic jam or standstill condition where vehicles cannot move.
Example
A major accident led to gridlock in the city center.
一次重大事故导致了市中心的交通堵塞。
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

积极领导
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
积极领导确保及时的决策。
C1 adjective /prɪˈtɛnʃəs/

pretentious

做作的
Meaning
Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance, talent, culture, etc., than is actually possessed.
Example
The restaurant was stylish but far too pretentious for my taste.
餐厅很时尚，但对我的口味来说太做作了。
C1 adjective /ˌpriːdɪˈspoʊzd/

predisposed

倾向
Meaning
Likely or inclined to be affected by something in advance.
Example
She is predisposed to trust people easily.
她容易轻易相信别人。
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

沉闷; 沮丧; 悲伤; 无欢乐
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
这座老房子在冬雨中看起来显得沉闷和荒废。
C1 noun /ˈef.ɪ.dʒi/

Effigy

肖像; 抗议模型
Meaning
a sculpture or model of a person, especially one made as a protest
Example
The protesters burned an effigy of the corrupt politician in the square.
抗议者在广场上烧毁了腐败政治家的肖像。
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrsəm/

foursome

四人组
Meaning
a group of four people or things, especially in games or social activities
Example
The foursome enjoyed a game of golf together.
四人组一起享受了一场高尔夫比赛。
C1 noun /ˈbʊl.ək/

Bullock

牛犊
Meaning
a young bull; a castrated bull used for farm work
Example
The farmer used a bullock to plow the field.
农民用牛犊来耕地。
C1 noun /speɪt/

spate

浪潮
Meaning
a large number of things occurring in quick succession
Example
There has been a spate of robberies in the city.
在城市中发生了一系列盗窃事件。
C1 verb /lætʃ/

latch

上锁
Meaning
to fasten or close something with a latch
Example
She latched the door before leaving the house.
她在离开房子之前把门锁上了。
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

氏族
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
整个氏族聚集在一起庆祝节日。
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

慢慢燃烧
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
火灾持续了几个小时才熄灭。
C1 verb /ˈtræmpəl/

trample

Meaning
to tread heavily on something and cause damage or injury
Example
The crowd trampled the flowers in the park.
C1 adjective /ˈbaɪtɪŋ/

Biting

咬; 刺骨寒冷; 尖锐的批评
Meaning
extremely cold; sharply critical or harsh
Example
The biting cold made everyone shiver.
刺骨的寒冷让所有人都颤抖了。
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

矮胖
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
那只矮胖的小狗兴奋地摇着尾巴。
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈduː/

outdo

超越
Meaning
To do better than someone else; to surpass.
Example
She always tries to outdo her classmates in exams.
她总是尽力在考试中超越她的同学。
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

rejoicing

欢庆
Meaning
The action of showing great joy or happiness
Example
There was much rejoicing after the victory.
胜利之后有很多欢庆。
C1 noun əˈniː.mi.ə

anemia

贫血
Meaning
A condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
Example
Genetic therapy addresses anemia effectively.
基因疗法有效地治疗贫血。
C1 noun /ˈɔr.ə.tər/

Orator

演说家
Meaning
a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled in speaking
Example
The famous orator delivered an inspiring speech.
这位著名的演说家发表了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
C1 noun /hɒˈstɪləti/

hostility

敌意
Meaning
hostile behavior; unfriendliness or opposition
Example
The negotiations ended in an atmosphere of hostility.
谈判以敌意的氛围结束。
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

不适宜居住的
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
沙漠是大多数植物无法生存的环境。
C1 adjective /ˌɛpɪˈsɒdɪk/

episodic

集集式的
Meaning
Happening occasionally or in separate parts; related to episodes.
Example
Her interest in art was episodic, coming and going over the years.
她对艺术的兴趣是间歇性的，随着岁月的流逝而来又去。
C1 verb /ɡreɪt/

grate

擦碎, 使烦恼
Meaning
to shred food into small pieces using a grater; to irritate or annoy
Example
She grated the cheese for the pasta dish.
她为意大利面菜肴擦了奶酪。
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

Meaning
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.
Example
She looked at the messy room with open disdain.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtæm.pər.ɪŋ/

tampering

非法篡改
Meaning
The action of interfering with something in order to cause damage or make unauthorized alterations.
Example
Tampering with evidence is a criminal offense.
篡改证据是犯罪行为。
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

取决于 / 队伍
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
出席取决于事先注册。 / 一个学生代表团参加了会议。
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

二流
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
这部电影很有趣，但与原版相比明显是二流的。
C1 adjective /ˈpent ʌp/

Pent-up

压抑的; 受限的; 被困住的
Meaning
suppressed; restrained; confined
Example
He had pent-up anger that finally exploded.
他有压抑的愤怒，最终爆发了。
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

免除
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
成绩优异的学生可以免除期末考试。
C1 adjective /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/

reminiscent

唤起回忆的
Meaning
Tending to remind one of something; suggestive of something in the past.
Example
The smell of rain is reminiscent of my childhood in the village.
雨的气味让我想起了我在村里的童年。
C1 noun /ˌsæl.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

salinization

盐分增加
Meaning
The process of increasing salt content in soil.
Example
Excessive irrigation can cause salinization of farmland.
过度灌溉可能导致农田盐分增加。
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

逐字或逐句
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
她逐字重复了他的指示，以避免错误。
C1 noun /krɪˈden.ʃəl/

credential

资历, 证明文件
Meaning
a qualification, achievement, or aspect of a person's background used to indicate suitability for something
Example
She presented her credentials before starting the new job.
她在开始新工作之前展示了她的资历。
C1 verb /fɔːrˈtɛl/

foretell

预言
Meaning
to predict or announce something before it happens
Example
The old man claimed he could foretell the future.
那位老人声称他能够预言未来。
C1 noun /ˈbʊzəm/

bosom

胸部
Meaning
the human chest, especially a woman’s breast; also used metaphorically to refer to closeness or intimacy
Example
She kept the secret close to her bosom.
她把秘密藏在胸口。
C1 noun /hɪˈstɪəriə/

hysteria

Meaning
An uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear, often characterized by irrational behavior.
Example
The crowd was in a state of hysteria during the concert.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkleɪmd/

Unclaimed

未认领的; 未要求的; 被遗弃或无主的
Meaning
not claimed by anyone; not demanded or requested; abandoned or ownerless
Example
The unclaimed luggage was stored in the airport's lost property department.
未认领的行李被存放在机场的失物招领处。
C1 adjective /praɪˈmɔːrdiəl/

primordial

原始的
Meaning
Existing at or from the beginning of time; fundamental and original.
Example
Scientists study the primordial soup from which life emerged.
科学家研究了原始汤，生命由此诞生。
C1 verb /weɪd/

wade

涉水而行
Meaning
to walk through water or another substance that impedes movement
Example
The children waded in the shallow river.
孩子们在浅水河中行走。
C1 noun ɪˈveɪ.ʒən

evasion

逃避
Meaning
The practice of avoiding or escaping from something, especially responsibility or duty.
Example
His evasion of responsibilities frustrated his colleagues.
他逃避责任的行为使同事们感到沮丧。
C1 noun /ˈfrek.əl/

Freckle

雀斑
Meaning
a small brownish spot on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the sun
Example
Her face was covered with cute freckles that appeared every summer.
她的脸上覆盖着可爱的雀斑，每年夏天都会出现。
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

缺乏纪律
Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
学生的缺乏纪律破坏了学习环境。
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

无礼
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
老师对学生的无礼感到震惊。
C1 adjective /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/

Navigable

可航行的
Meaning
suitable for ships or boats to travel on; able to be navigated
Example
The river is navigable for small boats during the rainy season.
这条河在雨季适合小船通行。
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

无能
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
公民在腐败的系统面前感到无能为力。
C1 verb /ɪˈvɪkt/

evict

驱逐
Meaning
To expel someone from a property, usually by legal process.
Example
The landlord decided to evict the tenants for not paying rent.
房东决定因未支付租金而驱逐租户。
C1 adjective /əˈlʊr.ɪŋ/

Alluring

迷人且诱人; 迷人的
Meaning
attractive and tempting; fascinating
Example
The alluring fragrance of roses filled the garden.
玫瑰的迷人香气弥漫在花园里。
C1 verb /dɪsˈtrʌst/

distrust

不信任
Meaning
to have no confidence or trust in someone or something
Example
Many people distrust politicians.
许多人不信任政治家。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

重要的
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
这次会议对项目的未来至关重要。
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

使高兴
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
项目的成功让整个团队都感到非常高兴。
C1 verb /dɪˈfrɔːd/

defraud

欺诈
Meaning
to illegally take money or valuables from someone by deception
Example
The company was accused of trying to defraud investors.
公司被指控试图欺骗投资者。
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

过多的数量
Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
她的书架上有过多的书籍。
C1 noun /tiː ˈstreɪnər/

Tea-strainer

茶筛
Meaning
a small perforated device used to strain tea leaves from brewed tea
Example
I always use a tea-strainer when pouring tea into cups.
我在倒茶入杯时总是使用茶筛。
C1 noun /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/

Mongoose

獴
Meaning
a small carnivorous mammal known for its ability to kill venomous snakes
Example
The mongoose quickly attacked the cobra to protect its young.
獴迅速攻击了眼镜蛇，以保护它的幼崽。
C1 adjective /ˈtæŋ.i/

tangy

辛辣
Meaning
Having a strong, sharp, and pleasantly biting flavor or taste.
Example
The sauce had a tangy flavor that brightened the dish.
这个酱料有一种辛辣的味道，让菜肴更加美味。
C1 noun ˌfræɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən

fragmentation

碎片化
Meaning
The process or state of breaking or being broken into fragments.
Example
Habitat fragmentation threatens many species.
栖息地的碎片化威胁着许多物种。
C1 verb /ˈstɪntɪŋ/

stinting

吝啬地给
Meaning
to supply sparingly or with restrictions
Example
He never stinting his efforts to help the poor.
他从不吝啬自己的努力来帮助穷人。
C1 adjective /ʃrɪl/

shrill

尖锐的声音
Meaning
High-pitched and piercing in sound.
Example
The shrill whistle startled everyone in the room.
尖锐的哨声让房间里的每个人都吓了一跳。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʌldʒənt/

indulgent

宽容的
Meaning
Having a tendency to be overly generous or lenient with someone.
Example
The indulgent mother allowed her child to stay up late.
宽容的母亲让孩子晚点才睡。
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

自我肯定
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
每日自我肯定可以增强你的自信。
C1 adverb spɒnˈteɪnɪəsli

spontaneously

自发地
Meaning
In a spontaneous way; naturally and without planning or external cause.
Example
Children learn spontaneously through peer interactions.
孩子们通过与同龄人的互动，自发地学习。
C1 adverb /ˌðɛrəˈbaʊt/

thereabout

大约
Meaning
Approximately or around that place, amount, or time.
Example
The repairs will cost five hundred dollars or thereabout.
修理费用大约五百美元。
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

同盟
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
同盟士兵在战争中英勇作战。
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

凿子
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
木匠用凿子雕刻木头。
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

迭代
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
软件团队将反复迭代设计，直到满足用户需求。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

没有暗示
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
他的没有暗示的语气没有透露他真正的感受。
C1 verb /ˈtɛðər/

tether

绑住
Meaning
To tie an animal with a rope or chain so it cannot move far.
Example
The farmer tethered the goat to a post.
农民把山羊绑在柱子上。
C1 adjective /ʌnˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

unthinking

欠考虑的
Meaning
done without careful thought; automatic or thoughtless
Example
His unthinking remark hurt her feelings.
他欠考虑的评论伤害了她的感情。
C1 verb dɪˈlɪnieɪt

delineate

精确描述
Meaning
To describe or portray something precisely
Example
The artist delineated the scene in intricate detail.
艺术家以复杂的细节描述了场景。
C1 adjective ˈæl.ɡə.rɪ.ðəm drɪv.ən

algorithm-driven

由算法驱动。
Meaning
Controlled or powered by computer algorithms.
Example
Algorithm-driven systems increase accuracy.
算法驱动的系统提高了准确性。
C1 adjective /maɪˈkroʊ.bi.əl/

microbial

微生物的
Meaning
Related to bacteria, fungi, and other microscopic organisms.
Example
Microbial activity in the soil improves fertility.
土壤中的微生物活动改善了土壤的肥力。
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

以增加的速度快速增长或扩展
Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
技术以指数速度发展。
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

起诉
Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
大陪审团决定控告该政治家腐败。
C1 verb /ɡloʊt/

gloat

幸灾乐祸
Meaning
To take pleasure in someone else's misfortune or to show smug satisfaction.
Example
He couldn't help but gloat over his rival's failure.
他忍不住对竞争对手的失败感到幸灾乐祸。
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

起义者
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
军队在袭击后逮捕了几名起义者。
C1 verb /ˈbædʒər/

badger

烦扰, 打扰
Meaning
To repeatedly ask or annoy someone with demands or questions.
Example
The reporter kept badgering the politician with questions.
记者不断用问题打扰政治人物。
C1 noun /ˈneɪ.vəl/

Navel

肚脐
Meaning
the small hollow in the center of the stomach where the umbilical cord was attached
Example
The baby's navel cord fell off after a week.
婴儿的脐带一周后掉了。
C1 adjective daɪˈvɜː.dʒənt

divergent

分歧的
Meaning
Tending to be different or develop in different directions
Example
Divergent policies create challenges in collaboration.
分歧的政策在合作中带来了挑战。
C1 verb /trænsˈɡrɛs/

transgress

Meaning
to go beyond the limits of a moral law, command, or boundary; to sin
Example
He apologized after realizing he had transgressed the community's rules.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

蔑视地拒绝
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
她以蔑视的态度拒绝了他的帮助提议。
C1 noun /pɒˈstɛrɪti/

posterity

后代
Meaning
All future generations of people.
Example
The monument was built for the benefit of posterity.
这座纪念碑是为后代的利益而建造的。
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

英勇
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
士兵因在战争中表现出的英勇而受到表彰。
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

资源高效
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
资源高效的农业节约水和能源。
C1 noun /ˈliːniənsi/

leniency

宽容
Meaning
The quality of being more merciful or tolerant than expected.
Example
The judge showed leniency in his ruling.
法官在判决中表现出宽容。
C1 noun /ˈherən/

Heron

苍鹭
Meaning
large wading bird with long legs and neck that feeds on fish
Example
The heron stood motionless by the water's edge, waiting for fish.
苍鹭静静地站在水边，等待着鱼。
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

偏离
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
他倾向于偏离原计划。
C1 verb ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪ.tɪd

inaugurated

开幕
Meaning
Begin or introduce (a system, policy, or period) formally.
Example
The organization was inaugurated officially.
该组织已正式开幕。
C1 adjective /ˈnæs.ənt/

nascent

初生的
Meaning
Emerging, developing, or in the early stages of formation
Example
The nascent technology is revolutionizing industries.
初生的技术正在革命化各行各业。
C1 noun /brəˈzɪər/

Brassiere

胸罩
Meaning
a woman's undergarment designed to support the breasts
Example
She bought a comfortable brassiere for daily wear.
她买了一件舒适的胸罩，适合日常穿着。
C1 noun dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nənt

determinant

决定性因素
Meaning
A factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Example
Education is a key determinant of success.
教育是成功的一个关键决定性因素。
C1 noun /ˈfɪɡjərˌhɛd/

figurehead

象征性领导
Meaning
a nominal leader with no real power; a symbolic head
Example
The king was merely a figurehead with no real authority.
国王只是一个没有实权的象征性领袖。
C1 noun /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/

Deficiency

缺乏; 不足; 不够
Meaning
a lack or shortage of something; inadequacy or insufficiency
Example
The doctor diagnosed a vitamin D deficiency in the patient's blood test.
医生在患者的血液测试中诊断出维生素D缺乏。
C1 adjective /ˈdeɪnti/

dainty

精致而美丽
Meaning
Delicately small, pretty, and often considered elegant.
Example
She wore a dainty necklace made of pearls.
她戴着一条由珍珠做的精致项链。
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

闪光
Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
她眼中闪现出希望的光芒。
C1 verb /ˈpruːfˌriːd/

proofread

校对
Meaning
to read written material and mark any errors
Example
She proofread the report before submission.
她在提交前校对了报告。
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

结晶
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
她模糊的思绪开始在一个明确的计划中结晶。
C1 adjective /əˈwɒʃ/

awash

淹没
Meaning
covered or flooded with water or something in large quantities
Example
The market was awash with cheap imported goods.
市场被廉价的进口商品淹没。
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

杂项
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
这家店卖水果、衣服和各种商品。
C1 noun /fɪˈnænʃɪər/

financier

金融家
Meaning
a person who manages large amounts of money or investments
Example
The financier advised the company on its investments.
金融家为公司提供了关于投资的建议。
C1 adjective /ˈfliː.tɪŋ/

fleeting

短暂的
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; passing quickly.
Example
Happiness can be fleeting, so cherish every moment.
幸福可能是短暂的，所以珍惜每一刻。
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊn.kæst/

downcast

Meaning
feeling sad, dejected, or with lowered eyes
Example
He looked downcast after hearing the bad news.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

勇敢
Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
勇敢的孩子从树上救出了小猫。
C1 noun ˌæf.ɔːr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

afforestation

造林
Meaning
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to form a forest.
Example
Afforestation helps restore biodiversity.
造林有助于恢复生物多样性。