consummate
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C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

以极大的技巧完成或完善某物
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
他是一个技艺精湛的艺术家，拥有多年的经验。
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

走私货物
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
警方查获了一批走私香烟。
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

愤世嫉俗者; 怀疑主义者
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
那个老愤世嫉俗者相信政治家只关心获得选票。
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

火化
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
按照他的意愿，他们在葬礼后火化了他的遗体。
C1 adjective /ˈkræfti/

crafty

狡猾的, 精明的, 狡诈的
Meaning
skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly
Example
The crafty fox evaded the hunters again.
狡猾的狐狸再次躲过了猎人的追捕。
C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

渴望
Meaning
to desire something belonging to someone else
Example
He coveted his neighbor's new car.
他渴望邻居的新车。
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

美丽且装饰性的书写艺术
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
她参加了一个课程来提高她的书法技能。
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.və.nɪst/

chauvinist

极端偏袒的人
Meaning
A person displaying excessive or prejudiced loyalty to a group, cause, or gender.
Example
He was labeled a chauvinist after his remarks about women in the workplace.
在工作场所对女性的评论之后，他被贴上了沙文主义者的标签。
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

等等
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
我们需要购买钢笔、纸张、笔记本等等。
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

神秘的, 隐晦的, 模糊的
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
消息是神秘的，很难解读。
C1 verb kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt

corroborate

确认
Meaning
Confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.
Example
The witness corroborated the defendant's testimony.
证人核实了被告的证词。
C1 noun /kənˈvʌl.ʃən/

convulsion

抽搐
Meaning
a sudden, violent, involuntary contraction of muscles; a seizure
Example
The medicine helped prevent convulsions in children.
药物帮助预防儿童的抽搐。
C1 adjective /kəˈrəʊsɪv/

corrosive

腐蚀性，损害
Meaning
tending to cause corrosion; harmful or destructive to materials or people
Example
The chemical is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.
该化学物质具有高度的腐蚀性，应该小心处理。
C1 noun /ˈklaɪəntɛl/

clientele

客户群
Meaning
The clients or customers of a professional person or business.
Example
The salon's clientele includes many high-profile individuals.
这个沙龙的客户群包括许多高端人士。
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

冷酷的; 无情的; 残忍的
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
他表现出对他人感情的冷酷蔑视。
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

陡峭的悬崖或岩石面
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
远足者攀登陡峭的岩石面到达山顶。
C1 noun ˈkɒnfluəns

confluence

汇流
Meaning
An act or process of merging.
Example
The confluence of ideas from different cultures created a rich discussion.
来自不同文化的思想汇流，创造了一场丰富的讨论。
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

法医
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
法医确定死亡原因是自然的。
C1 noun /ˈkoʊmə/

coma

昏迷
Meaning
A deep state of prolonged unconsciousness caused by illness or injury.
Example
The patient remained in a coma for several weeks.
病人昏迷了几周。
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

催化
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
新法律催化了整个行业的改革。
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

陪伴者
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
老师在学校舞会期间担任了陪伴者的角色。
C1 adjective sɪˈlɛstʃəl

celestial

天体
Meaning
Positioned in or relating to the sky, or outer space as observed in astronomy.
Example
The celestial bodies in the sky were clearly visible last night.
天空中的天体在昨晚清晰可见。
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.ju.əns/

continuance

持续性
Meaning
the state of continuing or being prolonged; persistence
Example
The continuance of the project depended on securing additional funding.
项目的持续性依赖于确保额外的资金。
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/

counteract

反作用
Meaning
to act against something in order to reduce its effect
Example
The medicine helps counteract the side effects of the treatment.
这药有助于抵消治疗的副作用。
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
C1 verb /kəˈmɛmɔˌreɪt/

commemorate

纪念
Meaning
To honor and remember someone or something through a ceremony or action.
Example
The statue was built to commemorate the fallen heroes.
这座雕像是为了纪念牺牲的英雄而建造的。
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

忠诚/恒常
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
她在友谊中的恒常令人钦佩。
C1 adjective /klæd/

clad

穿戴 / 覆盖
Meaning
dressed or covered in a particular way
Example
The knight was clad in shining armor.
骑士穿戴着闪亮的盔甲。
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

一致性
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
该产品已按照安全标准进行了符合性测试。
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

信条, 原则
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
言论自由是他个人信条的一部分。
C1 verb /ˈkrɪsən/

christen

命名
Meaning
to give a name to someone at baptism or to name something officially
Example
They christened the ship after the queen.
他们为船命名，以女王的名字。
C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

编码
Meaning
to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code
Example
The committee worked to codify the existing laws.
委员会致力于编码现有的法律。
C1 adjective /ˈkɑːr.di.æk/

cardiac

心脏的
Meaning
Relating to the heart.
Example
The patient was admitted with a cardiac condition.
病人因心脏病情被收治。
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

弹射器
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
发明将他弹射到国际声誉。
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

冷静和自我控制的状态
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
她在面试中保持了冷静。
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

迷住，吸引
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
她美丽的声音迷住了观众。
C1 noun /ˌkɒrəˈneɪʃən/

coronation

加冕礼
Meaning
the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or monarch
Example
The coronation of the new king was attended by thousands of people.
新国王的加冕礼有成千上万的人参加。
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

骑士精神
Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
骑士遵循骑士精神的规范。
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

有罪的
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
法官认定他对事故负有责任。
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

瀑布; 一系列阶段或操作
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
山间瀑布在下面形成了一个美丽的自然游泳池。
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

达到顶点
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
多年的辛勤工作最终以他的成功作为高潮。
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

值得称赞
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
她做出了值得称赞的努力，按时完成了项目。
C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

推测
Meaning
An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.
Example
The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.
科学家的推测后来被证明是正确的。
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

值得赞扬的倡议
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
这些值得赞扬的倡议旨在提高意识。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

警戒线
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
警方在犯罪现场周围设立了封锁线。
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

投降
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
军队别无选择，只能投降于敌人。
C1 verb /koʊks/

coax

劝说
Meaning
to persuade someone gently or gradually to do something
Example
She managed to coax the cat out of the tree with some food.
她设法用一些食物把猫从树上劝下来。
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

劈开, 切割
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
他用斧头劈开木材。
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

专栏作家
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
专栏作家写了一篇关于气候变化的文章。
C1 noun /kɑst/

Caste

种姓; 种姓制度
Meaning
a social class system; a hereditary class of Hindu society
Example
The ancient caste system divided society into different social groups.
古老的种姓制度将社会划分为不同的社会群体。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

调解的
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
她以调解的语气说话，以缓解紧张气氛。
C1 noun /ˈkæləs/

callus

皮肤的硬化部分
Meaning
A thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area subjected to friction.
Example
A callus formed on his palm from using tools every day.
由于每天使用工具，他的手掌上长出了一个茧。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɔɪnt/

counterpoint

对比点
Meaning
an argument, idea, or theme contrasting with another; also a musical term for independent melody
Example
Her calm attitude was a counterpoint to his anger.
她的平静态度是他愤怒的对比点。
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

最高指挥官
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
总统担任军队的最高指挥官。
C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

完全驳回
Meaning
Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.
Example
The claims were categorically refuted by officials.
这些主张完全被官方驳回。
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

红衣主教 / 基本的
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
诚实是生活中的一种基本美德。
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

传染
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
恐惧像传染一样在群众中传播开来。
C1 noun /səˈvɪləti/

civility

文明
Meaning
Polite and courteous behavior.
Example
He treated his opponent with civility despite their differences.
他以文明礼貌对待他的对手，尽管他们之间存在差异。
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

适得其反
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
反生产力的活动通常来源于不满。
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

假面舞会, 模仿游戏
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
这个审判不过是一个政治上的假面舞会。
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

机密地
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
信息在两个经理之间以机密方式共享。
C1 noun /kəmˈplɪsəti/

complicity

共谋
Meaning
the state of being involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
The court revealed his complicity in the fraud scheme.
法庭揭示了他在欺诈计划中的共谋。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

同心的
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
艺术家在画布上画了同心圆。
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

粗鲁的，缺乏敏感性或精致
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
他的粗鲁言论在会议上冒犯了每个人。
C1 noun /ˈkruːsɪbəl/

crucible

严峻考验，熔炉
Meaning
a severe test or trial; a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Example
The team emerged stronger from the crucible of competition.
团队从竞争的熔炉中走了出来，变得更强大。
C1 adjective /kəˈθɑːr.tɪk/

cathartic

宣泄的
Meaning
Providing psychological relief through the open expression of strong emotions.
Example
Writing about emotions can be a cathartic experience.
写下情感可能是一次宣泄的体验。
C1 noun /ˈkæmi.oʊ/

cameo

客串
Meaning
a small but significant role in a play, film, or show, often performed by a well-known person
Example
The actor made a surprise cameo in the movie.
那位演员在电影中出人意料地客串了。
C1 noun, verb /ˈkɒmjuːn/

commune

公社 / 沟通心灵
Meaning
Noun: a group of people living together and sharing possessions; Verb: to share one's thoughts or feelings intimately.
Example
She went to the countryside to commune with nature.
她去乡村与大自然交流。
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrlər/

curler

卷发器
Meaning
A small roller used for curling hair.
Example
She used a curler to style her hair for the party.
她用卷发器为派对造型她的头发。
C1 noun /ˈkæv.əl.ri/

Cavalry

骑兵
Meaning
soldiers who fight on horseback; the part of an army formerly composed of troops on horseback
Example
The cavalry charged across the field with great speed.
骑兵以极快的速度冲过了田野。
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

决定性的; 终结的; 完全解决问题
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
证据是决定性的，没有留下任何怀疑的空间。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

腐蚀性的, 尖刻的
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
她尖刻的评论伤害了他的感情。
C1 adjective kənˈkɝː.ənt

concurrent

同时发生的，平行的，在同一时间进行的
Meaning
Existing, happening, or done at the same time.
Example
The conference had concurrent sessions on various topics.
会议期间有多个并行的主题会议。
C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

顺从
Meaning
Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.
Example
She was compliant with all the safety requirements.
她遵守了所有安全要求。
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

抵消
Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
运动可以抵消压力的负面影响。
C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Meaning
The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.
Example
The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

咖喱叶
Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
新鲜的咖喱叶为印度菜肴增添了正宗的风味。
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

生物钟
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
暴露在自然光下会调节生物钟。
C1 noun /koʊlt/

Colt

小马驹
Meaning
a young male horse, especially one under four years old
Example
The farmer trained the young colt to accept a saddle.
农民训练年轻的小马驹来接受马鞍。
C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

词形变化
Meaning
the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number
Example
French verbs have complex conjugations.
法语动词有复杂的变位。
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

山顶
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
登山者在日出时达到了山顶。
C1 verb ˌkəʊ.əˈles

coalesce

合并
Meaning
Come together and form one mass or whole; unite to form one organization or group.
Example
The different theories coalesced into one unified idea.
不同的理论合并成一个统一的观点。
C1 adjective /kəˈnɒnɪkəl/

canonical

典范的 / 被接受的
Meaning
Conforming to a general rule or accepted standard; officially recognized.
Example
Shakespeare’s works are considered canonical in English literature.
莎士比亚的作品在英语文学中被认为是典范的。
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

墨盒
Meaning
A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.
Example
The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.
打印机停止工作，因为墨盒已空。
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪvəlrəs/

chivalrous

骑士风范
Meaning
Behaving in a courteous, gallant, and honorable way, especially toward women.
Example
He was chivalrous, always opening doors for others.
他是骑士风范，总是为他人开门。
C1 adjective /ˈkjʊərəbl/

curable

可治愈的
Meaning
Able to be cured or healed.
Example
The doctor assured her that the disease was curable.
医生向她保证，这种疾病是可治愈的。
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

巧妙地避免或绕过障碍或规则
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
他试图绕过安全系统。
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrmɪst/

conformist

盲从者
Meaning
A person who uncritically conforms to established practices or standards.
Example
She was labeled a conformist for always following the crowd.
她因为总是跟随人群而被贴上了盲从者的标签。
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

放弃
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
这个国家在输了战争后，放弃了领土。
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

和蔼可亲
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
他们发现那家咖啡馆是一个和蔼可亲的地方，适合见面和交谈。
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

轻微的笑声
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
他听到那个有趣的笑话时发出轻轻的笑声。
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

金丝雀
Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
金丝雀在它的笼子里唱得非常动听。
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

因恐惧而蹲下
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
孩子在雷暴中躲在沙发后面。
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

斥责
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
老师因为学生迟到而训斥了他。
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

运输
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气，货物的运输被延迟。
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

撬棍
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
他用撬棍把旧钉子取了出来。
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

毛细血管
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
氧气通过毛细血管从血液进入组织。
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

食肉动物
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
狮子是食肉动物，它们捕猎其他动物作为食物。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

百年纪念
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
学校以一场盛大的活动庆祝了它的百年纪念。
C1 noun /ˈkætərækt/

cataract

白内障 / 瀑布
Meaning
A medical condition causing clouding of the eye's lens; also a large waterfall.
Example
The old man suffered from cataracts in both eyes.
那位老年人双眼都患有白内障。
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

瓷器
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
昂贵的瓷器被展示在橱柜里。
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

灾难；灾祸
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
地震是一次可怕的灾难，影响了成千上万的家庭。
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnɪfər/

conifer

针叶树
Meaning
a type of tree that bears cones and evergreen needle-like leaves, such as pine or fir
Example
The forest is dominated by conifers like pine and spruce.
森林由松树和云杉等针叶树主导。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊərdɪs/

cowardice

懦弱
Meaning
lack of courage; behavior showing fear
Example
His cowardice prevented him from speaking up.
他的懦弱让他无法发言。
C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

同时
Meaning
Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.
Example
The festival was coincident with the national holiday.
节日与国庆假日是同时发生的。
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

面容，表情；支持
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
她那愉快的面容照亮了房间。
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

碳封存
Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
森林在碳封存中发挥关键作用。
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

同胞
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
他在国际会议上遇到一个同胞时感到自豪。
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

惊愕
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
突如其来的宣布在员工中引起了广泛的惊愕
C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

康复期
Meaning
the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.
事故后的康复期持续了近两个月。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

居高临下
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
她居高临下的语气让她的同事感到不满。
C1 noun, verb /klɒt/

clot

血块
Meaning
a thick mass of coagulated liquid, especially blood; to form such a mass.
Example
The doctor removed a blood clot from the patient.
医生从病人身上取出了血块。
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

认知
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
认知在学习中起着关键作用。
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

使……有背景
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
老师将历史事件置于背景中，以使其对学生更加相关。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

consequential

重要的
Meaning
Having important or significant consequences; resulting from something.
Example
The meeting was consequential for the future of the project.
这次会议对项目的未来至关重要。
C1 noun /kənˈtɛndər/

contender

竞争者, 争夺者
Meaning
a person or team competing for a title or prize
Example
She is a strong contender for the mayoral position.
她是市长职位的强有力竞争者。
C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

Meaning
To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.
Example
The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

大脑的
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
大脑功能调节思想。
C1 noun /klaʊt/

clout

影响力
Meaning
influence or power, especially in politics or business
Example
The businessman has a lot of political clout.
这位商人有很大的政治影响力。