competitive
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B1 adjective /kəmˈpetətɪv/

competitive

竞争的
Meaning
relating to or characterized by competition; having a strong desire to win or be more successful
Example
She has a competitive spirit that drives her to excel.
她有一种竞争精神，推动她追求卓越。
B1 verb, noun /klɪp/

clip

Meaning
to cut or trim something; a short extract from a film, broadcast, or recording
Example
She clipped the coupon from the newspaper.
B1 noun /kræb/

Crab

螃蟹
Meaning
a crustacean with a broad carapace, stalked eyes, and five pairs of legs, the first pair of which are modified as pincers
Example
The crab scuttled sideways across the sand.
螃蟹横向爬行穿过沙滩。
B1 noun /tʃiːf/

chief

首领
Meaning
a leader or person in charge of a group or organization
Example
The chief of the village made an important decision.
村庄的首领做出了一个重要的决定。
B1 adjective kənˈsɪs.tənt

consistent

一致的
Meaning
Acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate.
Example
Consistent performance leads to success.
持续的表现导致成功。
B1 noun /ˌkjʊr.iˈɑs.ɪ.ti/

Curiosity

好奇心; 不寻常或有趣的物品或事实
Meaning
a strong desire to know or learn something; an unusual or interesting object or fact
Example
Her curiosity about different cultures led her to travel around the world.
她对不同文化的好奇心促使她环游世界。
B1 noun /ˈkemɪst/

chemist

化学家; 药剂师
Meaning
a scientist who studies chemistry; a person trained to prepare and dispense medicines
Example
The chemist analyzed the sample to determine its composition.
化学家分析了样品以确定其成分。
B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪstri/

chemistry

化学
Meaning
the branch of science that studies substances and their interactions; also the emotional connection between people
Example
They have great chemistry and work well together.
他们之间有很好的化学反应，工作默契。
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.tent/

Content

满足
Meaning
pleased and satisfied; the things that are contained in something; subject matter of a text
Example
She felt content with her simple life in the countryside.
她对自己在乡村的简单生活感到满足。
B1 verb /kəmˈpiːt/

compete

竞争
Meaning
to try to win or be more successful than others in a contest or activity
Example
Several companies compete for dominance in the market.
多家公司为市场主导地位而竞赛。
B1 verb /kæst/

cast

投掷
Meaning
to throw; to choose actors for a play; to shape metal
Example
The fisherman casts his line into the water.
渔夫把他的鱼线投进水里。
B1 noun /tʃest/

Chest

胸部; 箱子
Meaning
the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and abdomen; a large strong box
Example
The doctor listened to his chest with a stethoscope.
医生用听诊器听他的胸部。
B1 noun /ˈkɒləm/

column

Meaning
A vertical structure that supports a building; also a section of text arranged vertically in a newspaper or table.
Example
The ancient temple had tall marble columns.
B1 noun /kəˈsiːnoʊ/

casino

赌场
Meaning
a place where people gamble and play games of chance
Example
They spent the evening playing cards at the casino.
他们在赌场度过了晚上，玩扑克牌。
B1 adjective /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/

Casual

轻松和无忧; 偶然发生; 非正式
Meaning
relaxed and unconcerned; happening by chance; informal
Example
He wore casual clothes to the party.
他穿着休闲衣服去参加了聚会。
B1 adjective /kənˈtroʊld/

controlled

受控的
Meaning
managed or regulated carefully; kept within limits
Example
The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment.
实验是在一个受控的环境中进行的。
B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

收银员
Meaning
a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank
Example
The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.
收银员扫描了所有商品并计算了总账单。
B1 noun /kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/

construction

建筑
Meaning
The building of something, typically a large structure.
Example
Construction dust significantly contributes to pollution.
建筑尘土显著促进了污染。
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.træst/

Contrast

对比; 差异; 比较
Meaning
the state of being strikingly different from something else; comparison showing differences
Example
The contrast between city life and rural life is quite remarkable.
城市生活和乡村生活之间的对比相当显著。
B1 verb kənˈsjuːmz

consumes

消耗
Meaning
Use up (a resource); eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink).
Example
An individual consumes around 20 kg of plastic annually.
一个人每年消耗大约 20 公斤塑料。
B1 noun /ˈklɪn.ɪk/

clinic

诊所
Meaning
A place where people receive medical treatment without staying overnight.
Example
She went to the clinic for a health check-up.
她去诊所做健康检查。
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

命令
Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
将军命令士兵们前进。
B1 noun /kluː/

clue

线索
Meaning
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving a puzzle
Example
The detective found a clue near the window.
侦探在窗户附近找到了线索。
B1 adjective /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

complicated

复杂
Meaning
consisting of many interconnected parts; difficult to understand
Example
The instructions for the machine are too complicated to follow.
机器的说明书太复杂，无法跟随。
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/

Confidence

自信
Meaning
the feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something; firm trust; self-assurance
Example
She spoke with great confidence during the job interview.
她在面试中表现出极大的自信。
B1 adjective /ˈkəʊstəl/

coastal

沿海
Meaning
relating to or near a coast or shoreline
Example
They built a resort in a coastal area.
他们在沿海地区建造了一个度假村。
B1 noun /kɒp/

cop

警察
Meaning
a police officer (informal)
Example
The cop stopped the car for speeding.
警察因超速而拦下了那辆车。
B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

致力的
Meaning
Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.
Example
She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.
她是一位致力于教学的老师，深切关心她的学生。
B1 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

compliment

恭维
Meaning
a polite expression of praise or admiration; to politely praise someone
Example
She complimented him on his excellent presentation.
她对他的精彩演讲表示了恭维。
B1 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət/

climate

气候
Meaning
The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general.
Example
Climate change impacts all regions globally.
气候变化影响全球所有地区。
B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning
A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.
B1 noun /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/

christianity

基督教
Meaning
the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
Example
Christianity has millions of followers around the world.
基督教在全世界有数百万信徒。
B1 noun /klɑːrk/

clerk

职员
Meaning
A person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.
Example
The clerk helped me find the correct form.
职员帮助我找到了正确的表格。
B1 noun kəˈmɪt.i

committee

委员会
Meaning
A group of people appointed for a specific function by a larger group.
Example
A 65-member committee was formed.
成立了一个由65人组成的委员会。
B1 adjective /ˈkoʊzi/

cozy

舒适的
Meaning
giving a feeling of comfort, warmth, and relaxation
Example
We sat in a cozy little café on a rainy day.
在一个雨天，我们坐在一个舒适的小咖啡馆里。
B1 noun /ˈtʃɪl.i/

Chilly/Chilli

冷; 辣椒;
Meaning
noticeably cold; a hot-tasting pod of a variety of capsicum, used as a spice
Example
The chef added red chilli to make the curry spicier.
厨师添加了红辣椒以使咖喱更辣。
B1 verb /ˈkæptʃər/

capture

捕获
Meaning
to take control of something or someone by force
Example
The soldiers managed to capture the enemy base.
士兵们成功地占领了敌人的基地。
B1 verb /kənˈsʌlt/

consult

咨询
Meaning
To seek advice or information from someone with expertise.
Example
You should consult a doctor before starting the treatment.
在开始治疗之前，你应该咨询医生。
B1 noun /ˈkwaɪər/

choir

合唱团
Meaning
An organized group of singers, typically performing in church services or concerts.
Example
The choir sang beautifully during the ceremony.
合唱团在仪式中唱得非常美丽。
B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

容量
Meaning
The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.
Example
The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.
这根电缆有能力处理大量数据流量。
B1 noun /ˈkætəɡɔːri/

category

类别
Meaning
a class or division of things regarded as having particular shared characteristics
Example
Books are arranged by category in the library.
书籍在图书馆按类别排列。
B1 noun /ˈkɒstjuːm/

costume

服装
Meaning
a set of clothes worn to represent a particular character, culture, or occasion
Example
She wore a beautiful costume for the Halloween party.
她为万圣节派对穿了一个漂亮的服装。
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

联合的
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
团队的共同努力导致了成功。
B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

有能力的; 能干的
Meaning
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent
Example
She is capable of handling complex problems.
她能够处理复杂的问题。
B1 noun /ˈtʃæmpiən/

champion

冠军
Meaning
a person who has defeated all rivals in a competition or fight.
Example
She became the champion after winning the final match.
她在赢得决赛后成为了冠军。
B1 noun, adjective /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/

criminal

罪犯
Meaning
A person who has committed a crime; relating to crime
Example
The police arrested a dangerous criminal last night.
警方昨晚逮捕了一个危险的罪犯。
B1 verb /kəmˈbaɪn/

combine

合并
Meaning
To bring two or more things together to form a single unit.
Example
They decided to combine their resources for the project.
他们决定将他们的资源合并到该项目中。
B1 adjective /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/

challenging

具有挑战性的
Meaning
difficult in a way that tests one's abilities
Example
The mountain climb was challenging but rewarding.
爬山是具有挑战性的，但也是有回报的。
B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

梳子
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
她在派对前用梳子整理了她的头发。
B1 noun /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zənz/

citizens

公民
Meaning
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
Example
Citizens must follow pollution regulations.
公民必须遵守污染法规。
B1 verb /tʃuː/

chew

幸福
Meaning
to bite food into smaller pieces with your teeth before swallowing it
Example
You should chew your food properly to help with digestion.
当她获得奖项时，她无法掩饰自己的幸福。
B1 noun /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/

cooperation

合作
Meaning
The process of working together to the same end.
Example
Cooperation ensures effective problem-solving.
合作确保有效的问题解决。
B1 noun /ˈkɜː.ri/

Curry

咖喱
Meaning
a dish of meat, vegetables, etc., cooked in an Indian-style sauce with hot spices
Example
I love spicy chicken curry with rice.
我喜欢和米饭一起吃辛辣的鸡肉咖喱。
B1 noun /ˈkʌˈs.təm/

Custom

习俗; 风俗; 关税;
Meaning
a traditional practice or behavior; duties levied on imports; habitual practice
Example
It is a local custom to remove shoes before entering someone's home.
在进入别人家之前，脱鞋是当地的习俗。
B1 noun ˈkɒnsept

concept

概念
Meaning
An abstract idea or general notion
Example
The concept of chasing two rabbits teaches focus.
追逐两只兔子的概念教会了我们专注。
B1 verb /kəˈmɪt/

commit

Meaning
To carry out or perpetrate an act; to pledge or bind to a course of action.
Example
He committed a serious mistake in the report.
B1 noun ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən

concentration

集中
Meaning
The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
Concentration is key to mastering any skill.
集中是掌握任何技能的关键。
B1 adjective ˈkʌltʃərəl

cultural

文化的
Meaning
Relating to the arts and to intellectual achievements.
Example
Schools organize cultural programs to honor Victory Day.
学校组织文化活动来纪念胜利日。
B1 adverb /ˈtʃɪəfəli/

cheerfully

愉快地
Meaning
in a happy and positive manner; with visible good spirits
Example
She greeted everyone cheerfully despite the long day.
尽管一天很长，她还是愉快地向大家打招呼。
B1 noun /kənˈteɪ.nər/

container

集装箱
Meaning
A receptacle or box used for storage or transportation.
Example
Containers are essential for logistics.
集装箱对于物流至关重要。
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

相当的
Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
该项目需要相当多的时间和金钱。
B1 adjective /kriˈeɪtɪv/

creative

富有创意的
Meaning
Having the ability to produce new and original ideas or things.
Example
She is very creative in her writing.
她在写作中非常富有创意。
B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

王冠
Meaning
a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority
Example
The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
女王在加冕仪式上戴着一顶华丽的王冠。
B1 noun /kəmˈpɛtɪtər/

competitor

竞争者
Meaning
a person, team, or company that competes with others
Example
The company lowered its prices to beat its main competitor.
公司降低了价格以击败其主要竞争者。
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzən/

citizen

公民
Meaning
a legally recognized subject or national of a state
Example
Every citizen has the right to vote.
每个公民都有投票权。
B1 noun /kənˈvɛnʃən/

convention

会议
Meaning
a widely accepted way of behaving or doing something; a formal meeting
Example
The annual writers' convention was held in Dhaka.
年度作家大会在达卡举行。
B1 noun /kəʊst/

Coast

海岸
Meaning
the part of the land near the sea; the edge of the land
Example
We drove along the coast to enjoy the view.
我们沿着海岸开车，享受美景。
B1 noun /kəmˈpær.ɪ.sən/

Comparison

比较
Meaning
the act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more things
Example
The teacher made a comparison between the two poems to show their different styles.
老师通过比较两首诗的不同风格来展示它们的差异。
B1 noun /ˌkæl.kjəˈleɪ.ʃən/

Calculation

计算
Meaning
a mathematical determination of the size or number of something
Example
His calculation of the total cost was accurate to the penny.
他的总成本计算准确到分。
B1 noun /krɒp/

crop

农作物
Meaning
plants that are grown and harvested for food or other use
Example
The farmers harvested their rice crop in autumn.
农民在秋季收获了他们的稻米作物。
B1 noun ˈkraɪsɪs

crisis

危机
Meaning
A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger.
Example
The financial crisis affected global markets.
金融危机影响了全球市场。
B1 adjective /ˈklæsɪk/

classic

经典，杰出
Meaning
Judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.
Example
That movie is a classic example of 90s comedy.
那部电影是90年代喜剧的经典范例。
B1 verb /ˈkæri aʊt/

carry out

执行
Meaning
to perform or complete a task; to execute a plan
Example
The team carries out the project successfully.
团队成功执行了项目。
B1 adjective /ˈkɜːrli/

curly

卷曲的
Meaning
having curls or waves; shaped with bends or coils
Example
She has naturally curly hair.
她有自然的卷曲头发。
B1 noun /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

consideration

幸福
Meaning
careful thought or attention to something before making a decision
Example
After much consideration, she accepted the job offer.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰她的幸福。
B1 adverb /ˈkʌrəntli/

currently

目前
Meaning
at the present time; now
Example
He is currently working on a new project.
他目前正在做一个新项目。
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

国籍
Meaning
the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties
Example
He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.
他在美国生活了十年后申请了美国国籍。
B1 noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/

complaint

投诉
Meaning
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory
Example
The manager received a complaint from a customer about poor service.
经理收到了一名客户关于糟糕服务的投诉。
B1 adverb /ˈkʌmftəbli/

Comfortably

舒适地
Meaning
in a comfortable manner; without difficulty or effort; with ease
Example
She was sitting comfortably in her favorite chair.
她坐在自己最喜欢的椅子上很舒服。
B1 noun ˌkɒn.səˈveɪ.ʃən

conservation

保护
Meaning
The protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity.
Example
Conservation of forests is crucial for climate stability.
森林保护对气候稳定至关重要。
B1 noun /ˈkætl/

cattle

幸福
Meaning
large domesticated animals such as cows and bulls that are kept on a farm for their milk, meat, or hides
Example
The farmer owns a herd of cattle that graze near the river.
她在收到奖项时无法掩饰她的幸福。
B1 verb /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/

concentrate

集中
Meaning
to focus all one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
She tried to concentrate on her studies despite the noise.
尽管有噪音，她仍试图集中精力学习。
B1 noun /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/

Capital

首都; 资本; 财富
Meaning
the most important city or town of a country or region; wealth in the form of money or assets
Example
Paris is the capital of France and also a major financial capital.
巴黎是法国的首都，也是一个重要的金融中心。
B1 noun /kənˈfjuː.ʒən/

Confusion

混乱, 迷惑, 混淆
Meaning
lack of understanding; uncertainty; the state of being bewildered or unclear in one's mind
Example
There was confusion about the meeting time, so half the team arrived late.
关于会议时间存在混淆，因此一半团队迟到了。
B1 noun /ˈkɒntɛkst/

context

上下文
Meaning
the circumstances or background relevant to an event, statement, or idea
Example
To understand the quote, you need to know the context in which it was said.
要理解这句话，你需要知道它说的上下文。
B1 verb /koʊˈɑːpəreɪt/

cooperate

合作
Meaning
to work together; to collaborate
Example
The teams cooperate to achieve their common goals.
团队合作以实现他们的共同目标。
B1 noun /ˈtʃæn.əl/

Channel

频道; 渠道; 途径;
Meaning
a television or radio station; a passage for water or other liquids; a means of communication
Example
The news channel provided live coverage of the important event.
新闻频道提供了该重要事件的现场直播报道。
B1 adjective /ˈtʃaɪl.dɪʃ/

Childish

孩子气; 典型的儿童行为，但对于成年人不合适
Meaning
immature and silly; behaving in a way that is typical of a child but inappropriate for an adult
Example
His childish behavior during the meeting was quite embarrassing.
他在会议期间的孩子气行为非常令人尴尬。
B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪkəl/

chemical

化学物质
Meaning
a substance produced by or used in a chemical process
Example
The factory releases harmful chemicals into the river.
工厂将有害的化学物质排放到河中。
B1 noun ˈkeɪ.bəl

cable

电缆
Meaning
A thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, or transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.
Example
The cable connects countries across continents.
电缆连接跨越各大洲的国家。
B1 verb /ˈkɒntrækt/

contract

签订合同
Meaning
to make smaller; to enter into a formal agreement
Example
The company will contract a new supplier for materials.
公司将签订新的供应商合同。
B1 noun /ˈkriːtʃər/

creature

生物
Meaning
A living being, especially an animal.
Example
The forest is full of strange creatures.
森林里充满了奇怪的生物。
B1 adjective /ˈtʃɑːr.mɪŋ/

charming

迷人
Meaning
Very pleasing or delightful in a way that attracts people.
Example
The village is full of charming little houses.
这个村庄充满了迷人的小房子。
B1 noun /ˈkɔːrɪdɔːr/

corridor

一条连接多个房间的长通道
Meaning
a long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms
Example
The students waited quietly in the corridor.
学生们在走廊里安静地等待。
B1 noun /ˈker.ləs.nəs/

Carelessness

疏忽; 粗心
Meaning
failure to give sufficient attention to avoiding harm or errors
Example
His carelessness with money led to serious financial problems.
他在金钱上的疏忽导致了严重的财务问题。
B1 noun /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/

composer

作曲家
Meaning
a person who writes music, especially classical music
Example
The composer is working on a new symphony.
作曲家正在创作一部新的交响曲。
B1 noun /ˈkɒnflɪkt/

conflict

冲突
Meaning
A serious disagreement or argument, often a prolonged one.
Example
The two countries are trying to resolve the conflict through negotiations.
这两个国家正在通过谈判解决冲突。
B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

继续
Meaning
to keep doing something without stopping
Example
They are continuing their journey despite the rain.
尽管下雨，他们仍在继续他们的旅程。
B1 noun /ˈkɔːlɪˌflaʊər/

Cauliflower

花椰菜
Meaning
white vegetable with a compact head of undeveloped flower buds
Example
Roasted cauliflower makes a delicious and healthy side dish.
烤花椰菜做成美味又健康的配菜。
B1 noun /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/

championship

锦标赛
Meaning
a competition to decide who is the best in a particular sport or activity.
Example
The championship will be held next month.
锦标赛将在下个月举行。
B1 noun /ˈsɜːr.kəmˌsˌtæn.sɪz/

Circumstances

情况
Meaning
the conditions that affect a situation, action, or event; facts or conditions connected with or relevant to an event
Example
Under normal circumstances, she would have arrived by now.
在正常情况下，她应该已经到了。
B1 adjective /kənˈvɪnst/

convinced

确信的
Meaning
completely certain or sure about something
Example
She was convinced that he was telling the truth.
她确信他在说实话。
B1 noun /sərˈtɪfɪkət/

certificate

证书
Meaning
a document serving as proof of achievement or qualification
Example
She received a certificate for completing the course.
她因完成课程而获得了证书。
B1 noun /kræft/

craft

技能，工艺，手工艺
Meaning
an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation
Example
She has mastered the craft of pottery.
她精通陶艺的工艺。
B1 noun /klɪf/

cliff

悬崖
Meaning
a high, steep face of rock or earth
Example
The waves crashed against the bottom of the cliff.
波浪撞击悬崖底部。
B1 adverb /ˈkɒmənli/

commonly

通常
Meaning
usually or by most people
Example
This phrase is commonly used in everyday speech.
这个短语通常在日常语言中使用。
B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

消费者
Meaning
A person who buys and uses goods and services.
Example
The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.
公司专注于理解消费者需求。
B1 noun /ˈkæləri/

calorie

卡路里
Meaning
A unit of energy, often used to measure the energy content of food and drink.
Example
She checks the calorie count before eating any packaged food.
她在吃任何包装食品之前会检查卡路里的含量。
B1 noun /kloʊðz ˈaɪərn/

Clothes iron

熨斗
Meaning
An electric appliance used to remove wrinkles from clothes by applying heat and pressure
Example
I need to use the clothes iron to make my shirt look neat for the meeting.
我需要使用熨斗把我的衬衫弄平整，为了会议。
B1 adverb /ˈkɒnstəntli/

Constantly

不断地; 总是; 不停地
Meaning
continuously over a period of time; always; without stopping
Example
The baby was constantly crying throughout the night.
婴儿整晚不停地哭泣。
B1 verb /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

contribute

贡献
Meaning
to give something, especially money, time, or effort, to help achieve or provide something
Example
Everyone contributed money to buy a farewell gift for the teacher.
大家为买礼物给老师贡献了金钱。
B1 noun /ˈkæmpəs/

campus

校园
Meaning
The grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school.
Example
The university campus is filled with students during the fall semester.
大学校园在秋季学期期间充满了学生。
B1 verb /kleɪm/

claim

声称
Meaning
to assert ownership; to state as fact
Example
He claims to be the rightful owner.
他声称自己是合法的拥有者。
B1 verb /kənˈkluːd/

conclude

结束
Meaning
to bring to an end; to decide or determine after consideration
Example
We will conclude the meeting at five o'clock.
我们将在五点钟结束会议。
B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

批评
Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
新政策面临来自公众的批评。
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

文明
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
古代文明发展了复杂的治理体系。
B1 noun /ˈkɒliːɡ/

colleague

同事
Meaning
a person with whom one works, especially in a profession or business
Example
She invited her colleagues to the office party.
她邀请了她的同事参加办公室聚会。
B1 verb /kræk/

crack

幸福
Meaning
To break or cause to break without complete separation; to make a sharp sound.
Example
The glass cracked when it was dropped on the floor.
当她收到奖项时，她无法掩饰她的幸福。
B1 noun /kəmˈpænjən/

companion

伙伴
Meaning
a person or animal you spend time with or travel with
Example
He was my companion during the long journey.
他是我在漫长旅程中的伴侣。
B1 noun /keɪv/

Cave

洞穴; 空洞;
Meaning
a large underground chamber in a hill or cliff; a hollow space in rock
Example
The explorers discovered ancient paintings on the cave walls.
探险者在洞穴的墙壁上发现了古老的画作。
B1 adjective /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

cutting

尖锐
Meaning
sharp or severe, often used to describe remarks or actions
Example
Her cutting remarks made everyone feel uncomfortable.
她的尖锐评论让每个人都感到不舒服。