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C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

开始
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
开始仪式标志着新旅程的开始。
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

忠诚/恒常
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
她在友谊中的恒常令人钦佩。
C1 noun /krʌks/

crux

关键
Meaning
the most important or decisive point of an issue
Example
The crux of the problem lies in poor communication.
问题的关键在于沟通不畅。
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

减少
Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
由于预算削减，公司不得不缩减开支。
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

索赔人
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
索赔人事故后申请赔偿。
C1 noun /kənˈveɪəns/

conveyance

运输
Meaning
The action or process of transporting or carrying someone or something from one place to another.
Example
The conveyance of goods was delayed due to bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气，货物的运输被延迟。
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

同盟
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
同盟士兵在战争中英勇作战。
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

达到顶点
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
多年的辛勤工作最终以他的成功作为高潮。
C1 noun /kəmˈpəʊ.ʒər/

composure

冷静和自我控制的状态
Meaning
The state or feeling of being calm and in control of oneself.
Example
She maintained her composure during the interview.
她在面试中保持了冷静。
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

撬棍
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
他用撬棍把旧钉子取了出来。
C1 adjective /kəmˈplɪsɪt/

complicit

共犯 (犯罪中)
Meaning
involved with others in an illegal activity or wrongdoing
Example
He was found complicit in the crime.
他在犯罪中被发现是共犯。
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

高潮. 某事物的最高点，特别是经历了长时间后。
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
项目在多年努力后达到了高潮。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

战车
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
战士带着他的战车勇敢地冲向了战斗。
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

契约
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
房东和租户签署了一份契约，以保持财产。
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

揉捏
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
他把纸揉成一团丢进了垃圾桶。
C1 adjective /ˈkrɛdɪtəbl/

creditable

值得称赞
Meaning
Deserving praise or acknowledgment, though not necessarily outstanding.
Example
She made a creditable effort in completing the project on time.
她做出了值得称赞的努力，按时完成了项目。
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊvərt/

covert

秘密
Meaning
hidden, secret, or not openly acknowledged
Example
The spy conducted a covert operation behind enemy lines.
间谍在敌人的线背后进行了一项秘密行动。
C1 noun /ˈtʃɪz.əl/

Chisel

凿子
Meaning
a tool with a sharp flat edge used for cutting or shaping wood, stone, or metal
Example
The carpenter used a chisel to carve the wood.
木匠用凿子雕刻木头。
C1 noun /ˈkæzəm/

chasm

裂缝 / 巨大差异
Meaning
a deep fissure in the earth's surface or a wide difference between people or ideas
Example
There was a great chasm between the two political parties.
两个政党之间有一个巨大的裂缝。
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

粗鲁的，缺乏敏感性或精致
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
他的粗鲁言论在会议上冒犯了每个人。
C1 adjective /kəmˈpleɪsənt/

complacent

自满
Meaning
showing self-satisfaction and a lack of concern about potential dangers or problems
Example
The team grew complacent after a few victories and stopped practicing hard.
团队在几场胜利后变得自满，停止了努力训练。
C1 noun kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən

cognition

认知
Meaning
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Example
Cognition plays a key role in learning.
认知在学习中起着关键作用。
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

神秘的, 隐晦的, 模糊的
Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
消息是神秘的，很难解读。
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

一致性
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
这篇文章缺乏一致性，难以理解。
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

一致性
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
该产品已按照安全标准进行了符合性测试。
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

贞洁; 处女; 节制;
Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
许多宗教传统把贞洁看作是一种道德纯洁的美德。
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tər kleɪm/

counter-claim

反诉
Meaning
a claim made to rebut a previous claim, often in legal contexts
Example
The defendant filed a counter-claim against the plaintiff.
被告对原告提起了反诉。
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

以极大的技巧完成或完善某物
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
他是一个技艺精湛的艺术家，拥有多年的经验。
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

机密地
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
信息在两个经理之间以机密方式共享。
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

陪伴者
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
老师在学校舞会期间担任了陪伴者的角色。
C1 noun/verb /kroʊˈʃeɪ/

crochet

Meaning
Needlework made by interlocking loops of thread with a hooked needle; the act of making such items.
Example
She learned how to crochet a scarf for winter.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

漫不经心
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
他对安全规定有一种漫不经心的态度。
C1 noun /krəˈʃɛndoʊ/

crescendo

声音逐渐增强
Meaning
a gradual increase in loudness or intensity, especially in music
Example
The orchestra built to a powerful crescendo before the finale.
乐队在结尾前逐渐增强了强烈的高潮。
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

愤世嫉俗
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
他的愤世嫉俗让他很难相信任何人。
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

车队
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
军队车队黎明时穿越沙漠。
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

百年纪念
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
学校以一场盛大的活动庆祝了它的百年纪念。
C1 verb /kraʊtʃ/

crouch

Meaning
to bend your knees and lower your body close to the ground
Example
The cat crouched before leaping at its prey.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

有罪的
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
法官认定他对事故负有责任。
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

和蔼可亲
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
他们发现那家咖啡馆是一个和蔼可亲的地方，适合见面和交谈。
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

巧妙地避免或绕过障碍或规则
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
他试图绕过安全系统。
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

强迫某人参军
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
政府在战争期间征召了年轻人。
C1 adjective /ˌʃoʊ.vəˈnɪs.tɪk/

chauvinistic

沙文主义
Meaning
Displaying or characterized by excessive or prejudiced loyalty or support, especially towards one's own gender or group.
Example
His chauvinistic attitude alienated many of his female colleagues.
他的沙文主义态度疏远了许多女性同事。
C1 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə.weər/

China-ware

瓷器
Meaning
dishes, plates, cups, and other tableware made of porcelain or fine ceramic
Example
The expensive china-ware was displayed in the cabinet.
昂贵的瓷器被展示在橱柜里。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

comprehensible

可理解的
Meaning
able to be understood; intelligible
Example
The teacher explained the topic in a comprehensible way.
老师以一种可以理解的方式解释了这个话题。
C1 noun sɜːrˈkeɪdiən ˈrɪðəm

circadian rhythm

生物钟
Meaning
The body's natural sleep-wake cycle that occurs within 24 hours
Example
Exposure to natural light regulates the circadian rhythm.
暴露在自然光下会调节生物钟。
C1 noun /ˈkælkjʊləs/

calculus

微积分
Meaning
A branch of mathematics concerned with rates of change and accumulation; also a hard mineral deposit in the body such as on teeth.
Example
Calculus is essential for advanced studies in physics and engineering.
微积分是物理学和工程学高级研究的基础。
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

制图学
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
她在大学学习制图学，以便学会设计地图。
C1 noun /ˈkeɪ.sɪŋ/

Casing

外壳; 外罩
Meaning
a cover or shell that protects or encloses something
Example
The mechanic removed the engine casing to examine the internal parts.
机械师拆下了发动机外壳以检查内部零件。
C1 noun /ˌkɑːr.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

cardiologist

心脏病学家
Meaning
A doctor specializing in diagnosing and treating heart diseases.
Example
She made an appointment with a cardiologist for her chest pain.
她因胸痛预约了心脏病学家的诊察。
C1 noun /ˈkoʊmə/

coma

昏迷
Meaning
A deep state of prolonged unconsciousness caused by illness or injury.
Example
The patient remained in a coma for several weeks.
病人昏迷了几周。
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

先天的
Meaning
existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition
Example
The child was born with a congenital heart defect.
这个孩子出生时就有先天性心脏缺陷。
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

死胡同
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
他们在一个安静的死胡同的尽头买了一栋房子。
C1 verb /ˈkæp.saɪz/

capsize

翻覆
Meaning
to overturn in the water
Example
The small fishing boat capsized during the storm.
小渔船在风暴中翻覆。
C1 noun /ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃən/

consternation

惊愕
Meaning
A feeling of anxiety, dismay, or confusion, often caused by something unexpected.
Example
The sudden announcement caused widespread consternation among the employees.
突如其来的宣布在员工中引起了广泛的惊愕
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

集体主义
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
集体主义强调集体利益高于个人利益。
C1 adjective kəʊˈhiː.sɪv

cohesive

凝聚力强
Meaning
Characterized by or causing cohesion; forming a united whole.
Example
The team displayed a cohesive strategy.
团队展示了一个凝聚力强的战略。
C1 noun ˈklaɪmət ˌrɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən

climate regulation

气候调节
Meaning
The moderation of climate conditions through natural or artificial processes.
Example
Forests help in climate regulation by stabilizing local temperatures.
森林通过稳定当地的温度来帮助气候调节。
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

计算
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
复杂的计算对AI模型来说是必须的。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

凸的，向外弯曲的
Meaning
curved or rounded outward
Example
The lens has a convex shape to focus light.
该镜片具有凸形状以聚焦光线。
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

骗子
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
警方终于抓住了那个偷车的骗子。
C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

停止
Meaning
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
Example
There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.
敌对行动暂时停止。
C1 noun/verb /ˈsaɪ.fər/

cipher

密码
Meaning
A secret or disguised way of writing; a code; to put a message into secret writing.
Example
Military messages are protected using a cipher.
军事消息通过密码保护。
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

紧凑地
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
质子和中子紧密地排列。
C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

渴望
Meaning
to desire something belonging to someone else
Example
He coveted his neighbor's new car.
他渴望邻居的新车。
C1 noun /ˈkævərn/

cavern

洞穴
Meaning
a large cave or chamber in a cave
Example
The explorers entered a dark cavern beneath the mountain.
探险者进入了山下的一个黑暗洞穴。
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

法国庄园
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
他们住在法国的一座美丽的城堡里。
C1 noun /kʌˈstoʊ.di.ən/

Custodian

看门人; 守护者; 管理员
Meaning
a person who has responsibility for or looks after something; a caretaker or guardian
Example
The school custodian ensures that all buildings are clean and secure.
学校管理员确保所有建筑物干净和安全。
C1 noun kəˈmɑːnd ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

command economy

计划经济
Meaning
An economic system where economic activities are controlled by the government.
Example
In a command economy, the government controls production and prices.
在计划经济中，政府控制生产和价格。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

亲切的; 真诚的; 热情的
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
她在门口给了我们热情的欢迎。
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

划分
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
为了提高效率，他将工作任务划分开来。
C1 adjective /ˈkæn.dɪd/

Candid

坦诚; 直率; 诚实
Meaning
truthful and straightforward; frank and honest in expression
Example
I appreciate your candid opinion about the project.
我很欣赏你对这个项目的坦诚意见。
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

专栏作家
Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
专栏作家写了一篇关于气候变化的文章。
C1 noun /kənˈteɪdʒən/

contagion

传染
Meaning
The communication of disease from one person to another by close contact; also the spread of harmful ideas or behaviors.
Example
Fear spread like a contagion through the crowd.
恐惧像传染一样在群众中传播开来。
C1 noun /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/

camaraderie

友谊, 伙伴关系, 团结
Meaning
Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
Example
The camaraderie among teammates was inspiring.
队友之间的友情令人鼓舞。
C1 noun /ˈʃæsi/

chassis

车辆底盘
Meaning
the base frame of a vehicle or other wheeled machine
Example
The mechanic examined the car's chassis for damage.
机械师检查了汽车的底盘以查找损坏。
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

大量
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
她在讲座期间做了大量笔记。
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

大脑的
Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
大脑功能调节思想。
C1 noun /ˈtʃænsələr/

chancellor

校长 / 总理
Meaning
A senior state or legal official, or the head of a university.
Example
The chancellor delivered an inspiring speech at the graduation ceremony.
校长在毕业典礼上发表了鼓舞人心的演讲。
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrt/

cohort

同班
Meaning
A group of people with a shared characteristic, usually of the same age or with a common experience.
Example
The study tracked a cohort of students over ten years.
这项研究跟踪了一个由学生组成的同班人群，长达十年。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒndɪˈsɛndɪŋ/

condescending

居高临下
Meaning
having or showing an attitude of patronizing superiority
Example
Her condescending tone upset her colleagues.
她居高临下的语气让她的同事感到不满。
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərn/

cistern

蓄水池
Meaning
A tank or container for storing water, usually for household use.
Example
The old house still had a cistern to collect rainwater.
这座老房子仍然有一个蓄水池来收集雨水。
C1 noun /ˌkɒk.əˈtuː/

Cockatoo

凤头鹦鹉
Meaning
a large parrot with a prominent crest that can be raised or lowered
Example
The white cockatoo raised its beautiful crest.
白色凤头鹦鹉举起了它美丽的冠羽。
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

大锅
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
巫婆在一个大锅里搅拌她的药水。
C1 noun /ˈkɑr.nɪdʒ/

Carnage

屠杀
Meaning
the killing of a large number of people; widespread slaughter
Example
The battlefield was filled with carnage after the brutal war.
战争后，战场上充满了大屠杀。
C1 noun /krɪpt/

crypt

墓室
Meaning
an underground chamber, especially one beneath a church, used as a burial place
Example
The tourists explored the ancient crypt beneath the cathedral.
游客们探索了大教堂下的古老地下室。
C1 verb /ˈkæptɪveɪt/

captivate

迷住，吸引
Meaning
to attract and hold the interest of; to charm or fascinate
Example
Her beautiful voice captivated the audience.
她美丽的声音迷住了观众。
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

使……有背景
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
老师将历史事件置于背景中，以使其对学生更加相关。
C1 verb /koʊks/

coax

劝说
Meaning
to persuade someone gently or gradually to do something
Example
She managed to coax the cat out of the tree with some food.
她设法用一些食物把猫从树上劝下来。
C1 noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒən.si/

contingency

应急计划
Meaning
A provision for an unforeseen event or circumstance, especially in financial planning.
Example
The company has a contingency plan for economic downturns.
公司有一个应急计划来应对经济衰退。
C1 noun /ˈtʃʌk.əl/

Chuckle

轻微的笑声
Meaning
a quiet or suppressed laugh; to laugh quietly or with amusement
Example
He gave a soft chuckle when he heard the funny joke.
他听到那个有趣的笑话时发出轻轻的笑声。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/

cognizant

意识到
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
他在开始这个项目之前就意识到风险。
C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

巨大的
Meaning
Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.
Example
The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.
埃及的巨大神庙是建筑学的奇迹。
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

红衣主教 / 基本的
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
诚实是生活中的一种基本美德。
C1 adjective /kənˈkluː.sɪv/

Conclusive

决定性的; 终结的; 完全解决问题
Meaning
final; decisive; settling a matter completely
Example
The evidence was conclusive and left no room for doubt.
证据是决定性的，没有留下任何怀疑的空间。
C1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əl/

Continual

持续的；不停的
Meaning
happening repeatedly over a long period of time; constant and uninterrupted
Example
The continual noise from the construction site was very annoying.
来自建筑工地的持续噪音非常让人烦恼。
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/

conciliatory

调解的
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
她以调解的语气说话，以缓解紧张气氛。
C1 adjective + noun kəˈmendəbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

commendable initiatives

值得赞扬的倡议
Meaning
Praiseworthy efforts or actions that deserve admiration and approval.
Example
The commendable initiatives aim to raise awareness.
这些值得赞扬的倡议旨在提高意识。
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

催化剂
Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
他的演讲成为了社区变化的催化剂。
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

强制性
Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
政府因采用对抗议者的强制性措施而遭到批评。
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

恢复中的，正在从疾病或治疗中恢复
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
医院有一个特别的病房，供恢复中的病人使用。
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

灾难；灾祸
Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
地震是一次可怕的灾难，影响了成千上万的家庭。
C1 noun /kæsˈkeɪd/

Cascade

瀑布; 一系列阶段或操作
Meaning
a waterfall; a succession of stages or operations
Example
The mountain cascade created a beautiful natural swimming pool below.
山间瀑布在下面形成了一个美丽的自然游泳池。
C1 verb, noun /klɑːɡ/

clog

堵塞 / 木鞋
Meaning
to block or become blocked; a type of heavy wooden shoe
Example
The sink was clogged with food waste.
水槽被食物废料堵住了。
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

凹形
Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
镜子有一个凹形表面，放大了她的倒影。
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

凝结
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
水蒸气凝结成雨滴。
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːʃənˌɛri/

cautionary

警示性的
Meaning
serving as a warning; intended to prevent problems or mistakes by giving advice or examples
Example
The report offers a cautionary message about unchecked spending.
该报告对失控的支出发出了警示性的信息。
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

毛细血管
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
氧气通过毛细血管从血液进入组织。
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

宇宙花
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
宇宙花在夏季的微风中轻轻摇摆，穿过草地。
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

吃力地爬
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
孩子们费力地爬过岩石，到达了洞穴。
C1 noun /ˌkɒŋɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/

congregation

集会
Meaning
a group of people assembled for religious worship or a common purpose
Example
The congregation gathered to hear the sermon.
集会聚集在一起聆听讲道。
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

小圈子
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
学生们组成了一个排外的小圈子。
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

可折叠的
Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
她为露营买了一个可折叠的椅子。
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

冠军 / 胜利者
Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
他是拳击比赛的新冠军。
C1 noun /ˌkɔr.diˈæl.ɪ.ti/

Cordiality

热情; 友善
Meaning
sincere affection and kindness; warm and friendly behavior
Example
The host's cordiality made all the guests feel welcome and comfortable.
主人的热情使所有客人都感到受欢迎和舒适。
C1 verb /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

catalyze

催化
Meaning
To cause or accelerate a reaction or change.
Example
The new law catalyzed reforms across the sector.
新法律催化了整个行业的改革。
C1 noun /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfi/

choreography

编舞
Meaning
The art of designing and arranging dances and movements.
Example
The choreography of the ballet was breathtaking.
芭蕾舞的编舞令人惊叹。
C1 noun /kɔːr/

corps

军队分支，团队
Meaning
a branch of the military or a group organized for a specific purpose
Example
He joined the army corps after graduation.
他在毕业后加入了军队分支。
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

宝石重量单位
Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
她收到了一个两克拉的钻石戒指作为订婚礼物。
C1 noun /kənˈsiːt/

conceit

自负
Meaning
excessive pride in oneself; vanity
Example
His conceit made him unpopular among his colleagues.
他的自负让他在同事中不受欢迎。
C1 verb /kənˈsɛptʃuəlaɪz/

conceptualize

构思
Meaning
to form an idea or concept of something in your mind
Example
The artist conceptualized a new design for the exhibition.
艺术家为展览构思了一个新的设计。