Vocabulary Cards
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C2 adjective
vernal
Meaning
related to spring; fresh, youthful
Example
The garden was filled with vernal beauty after the long winter.
B2 adjective
versatile
Meaning
Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many uses or applications.
Example
He is a versatile musician who can play multiple instruments.
C1 noun
versatility
Meaning
Ability to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many different skills.
Example
His versatility made him successful in multiple fields.
B2 noun
verse
Meaning
A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.
Example
She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.
B1 noun
Version
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
B1 preposition
versus
Meaning
against (in a competition or conflict)
Example
The team is playing versus their biggest rivals.
C1 noun
vertex
Meaning
The highest point; the top or the apex.
Example
The climber reached the vertex of the mountain.
B2 adjective
vertical
Meaning
Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.
Example
The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.
C1 noun
vertical farming
Meaning
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
Example
Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas.
C2 adjective
vertiginous
Meaning
Causing dizziness due to great height or steepness.
Example
The tourists looked down from the vertiginous cliffs with awe.
C1 noun
vertigo
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
C2 noun
verve
Meaning
Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.
Example
The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.
A1 adverb
Very
Meaning
to a high degree; extremely; greatly
Example
She is very intelligent and works very hard.
B2 noun
vessel
Meaning
A ship or large boat.
Example
The vessel carried critical supplies.
C1 noun
Vestige
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
C2 adjective
vestigial
Meaning
Relating to a small, undeveloped remnant of something that was once much larger or more functional.
Example
Humans have a vestigial tailbone that no longer serves its original purpose.
C2 noun
vestment
Meaning
a garment, especially a ceremonial or official robe worn during religious services
Example
The priest wore a golden vestment during the ceremony.
B2 noun
veteran
Meaning
a person who has long experience in a particular field or an ex-member of the armed forces
Example
He is a veteran of the software industry.
C1 verb
veto
Meaning
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
Example
The president decided to veto the new bill.
C1 verb
vex
Meaning
to annoy or frustrate someone; to cause trouble
Example
The constant noise from construction vexes the residents.
C2 noun
vexation
Meaning
the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried
Example
She could not hide her vexation after the repeated delays.
B1 preposition
via
Meaning
through, by way of, or using a particular route or means
Example
She sent the documents via email.
C1 noun
viability
Meaning
Ability to work successfully; feasibility.
Example
The viability of the project depends on funding.
B2 adjective
viable
Meaning
Capable of working successfully; feasible.
Example
A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.