B2 noun ˈsoʊʃəl rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti

social responsibility

Meaning

The duty to act in ways that benefit society as a whole.

Example

Social responsibility should be part of the education curriculum.

B2 noun /ˈbɪtərnəs/

Bitterness

Meaning

anger and disappointment at being treated unfairly; resentment; a sharp, unpleasant taste

Example

She spoke with bitterness about her former employer.

B2 noun /ˈsɜr.neɪm/

Surname

Meaning

a hereditary name common to all members of a family; family name

Example

Please write your first name and surname on the form.

B2 adjective /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

systematic

Meaning

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

Example

The company took a systematic approach to solving the issue.

B2 adjective /ˈsoʊloʊ/

solo

Meaning

performed by one person alone; a single performance

Example

She decided to perform a solo dance at the talent show.

B2 adjective /saʊər/

Sour

Meaning

having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar; unpleasant or disagreeable

Example

The milk has gone sour and smells terrible.

B2 noun

Longing

B2 verb /ˈʃætər/

shatter

Meaning

To break suddenly into many small pieces.

Example

The glass will shatter if you drop it.

B2 noun /ˈwɔːl.nʌt/

Walnut

Meaning

an edible nut with a hard shell and a wrinkled appearance

Example

I love to eat walnuts with honey for breakfast.

B2 noun ˌspɛk.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən

speculation

Meaning

Investment in stocks, property, or other ventures in the hope of gain but with the risk of loss.

Example

Stock market speculation can lead to high volatility.

B2 verb /ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪt/

fascinate

Meaning

to attract and hold the attention of someone; to charm or captivate

Example

The magician's performance fascinated the audience.

B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

Meaning

The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.

Example

The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.

B2 adverb /ˈædɪkwətli/

adequately

Meaning

in a satisfactory manner

Example

He completed the task adequately, but could improve next time.

B2 adjective ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv

ineffective

Meaning

Not producing any significant or desired effect; not achieving the intended result.

Example

Rote learning often proves to be ineffective.

B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

Meaning

The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.

Example

The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.

B2 noun/verb /ˈtʃɑːrtər/

charter

Meaning

a written document granting rights or privileges; to hire a vehicle or vessel for temporary use

Example

The company decided to charter a bus for the trip.

B2 adverb /ˈsmɑːt.li/

Smartly

Meaning

in a clever or intelligent way; neatly and stylishly; quickly

Example

He was smartly dressed for the business meeting.

B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz

allegations

Meaning

Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.

Example

The allegations were investigated by an international body.

B2 noun /swiːt/

suite

Meaning

a set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose

Example

They stayed in the presidential suite at the hotel.

B2 noun, verb /ræmp/

ramp

Meaning

a sloping surface joining two different levels; as a verb, to increase or rise sharply

Example

The car drove up the ramp into the parking garage.

B2 noun /ˈreɪn.dʒər/

ranger

Meaning

A person responsible for protecting and managing forests, parks, or natural areas.

Example

The park ranger guided the tourists through the forest trail.

B2 noun/verb /pəʊl/

poll

Meaning

a survey of public opinion or voting in an election

Example

The poll revealed that most people favored the new policy.

B2 verb /briːd/

breed

Meaning

to produce young animals; to reproduce; to keep animals for producing young

Example

They breed horses on their farm.

B2 noun /dɪˈpen.dənt/

Dependent

Meaning

a person who relies on another for financial support; someone who depends on others

Example

As a tax dependent, she could not file her own tax return separately.

B2 noun /kənˈkʌʃən/

concussion

Meaning

A temporary unconsciousness or shock caused by a blow to the head.

Example

He suffered a concussion after falling from the bike.

B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

Unavoidable

Meaning

cannot be avoided; certain to happen; inevitable

Example

The meeting is unavoidable, so we must attend.

B2 verb /ɪˈvækjueɪt/

evacuate

Meaning

To remove people from a dangerous place to safety.

Example

The residents were ordered to evacuate the building after the fire alarm.

B2 adjective /kəˈreɪdʒəs/

Courageous

Meaning

brave; fearless; showing courage in the face of danger

Example

The courageous firefighter rescued the family from the burning building.

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈskɔːr/

underscore

Meaning

to emphasize or highlight something

Example

The incident underscored the need for better safety measures.

B2 noun /skrɪpt/

script

Meaning

The written text of a play, film, or broadcast; handwriting style.

Example

The actor memorized his lines from the script.

B2 noun /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/

Buffalo

Meaning

a large wild ox with heavy horns; American bison

Example

The buffalo grazed peacefully in the meadow.

B2 adjective /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

alarming

Meaning

Worrying or disturbing; causing concern or fear.

Example

The unemployment rate among youth is alarming.

B2 adjective /ˈlɪb.ər.əl/

Liberal

Meaning

open-minded; tolerant; generous; progressive in thinking

Example

She has a liberal attitude towards different cultures and beliefs.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈɡreɪt.fəl/

Ungrateful

Meaning

not feeling or showing thanks for something done or given; not appreciating kindness

Example

She felt he was ungrateful for all the help she had given him.

B2 verb /rɪˈvɜːs/

reverse

Meaning

to change something to the opposite direction, position, or result

Example

She quickly reversed the car out of the driveway.

B2 noun /ˈɡʌvərnər/

governor

Meaning

An official appointed or elected to govern a state, territory, or organization.

Example

The governor addressed the citizens about the upcoming election.

B2 verb /dɪˈraɪv/

derive

Meaning

To obtain something from a source.

Example

Many English words derive from Latin.

B2 adjective /ʌnprəˈfɛʃ.ən.əl/

Unprofessional

Meaning

not conforming to the standards expected in a particular profession

Example

His unprofessional behavior led to his dismissal from the company.

B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/

Compartment

Meaning

a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train

Example

We found seats in the first-class compartment.

B2 noun /'ræd.ɪʃ/

Radish

Meaning

a small pungent edible root vegetable with white or red skin

Example

The farmer harvested fresh radishes from the garden.

B2 noun /ˈsɛm.iˌsɜːr.kəl/

semicircle

Meaning

Half of a circle or something shaped like half of a circle.

Example

The students sat in a semicircle around the teacher.

B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

Meaning

complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order

Example

The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.

B2 adjective /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/

subsequent

Meaning

Coming after something in time; following in time or order.

Example

Subsequent events clarified the outcomes.

B2 adjective /ʃɪər/

Sheer

Meaning

complete; absolute; transparent; very steep

Example

It was sheer luck that we found the place.

B2 adjective /ˈvaɪəbəl/

viable

Meaning

Capable of working successfully; feasible.

Example

A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.

B2 noun /dɪsˈkʌmfərt/

discomfort

Meaning

A feeling of slight pain, unease, or awkwardness.

Example

She shifted in her chair due to discomfort in her back.

B2 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd/

Mustard

Meaning

A pungent seed or condiment made from ground mustard seeds

Example

She added mustard seeds to the curry for extra flavor.

B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən/

Orphan

Meaning

a child whose parents are dead; someone without protective support

Example

The orphan was adopted by a loving family.

B2 adjective /ˌpeɪ.triˈɑː.tɪk/

Patriotic

Meaning

showing love for one's country

Example

The patriotic citizens celebrated Independence Day with great enthusiasm.

B2 noun ˈzɪpərz

zippers

Meaning

A device consisting of two flexible strips of metal or plastic with interlocking projections closed or opened by pulling a slide along them.

Example

Zippers are used to fasten the opening of the jacket.

B2 adjective /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/

ongoing

Meaning

continuing; still in progress

Example

The ongoing project will finish next month.

B2 adjective /ˈhɪli/

hilly

Meaning

having many hills; characterized by hills or slopes

Example

The village is located in a beautiful hilly region.

B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

Meaning

measure or action designed to protect someone or something

Example

New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.

B2 noun ˈɡloʊbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

global initiatives

Meaning

Worldwide efforts or programs aimed at addressing global challenges or achieving common goals.

Example

Global initiatives inspire better waste management practices.

B2 noun rɪˈsɛʃ.ən

recession

Meaning

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.

Example

The country faced a severe recession due to the financial crisis.

B2 adverb /ˈskeəs.li/

Scarcely

Meaning

hardly; barely; only just

Example

I could scarcely believe my eyes.

B2 noun /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛktənt/

disinfectant

Meaning

a chemical substance used to kill harmful microorganisms on surfaces

Example

The cleaner sprayed disinfectant on the table.

B2 verb /ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/

endanger

Meaning

To put someone or something at risk or in danger.

Example

Cutting down forests can endanger many species of animals.

B2 adjective /sɔːr/

sore

Meaning

painful or aching, usually in a specific part of the body

Example

After the long run, my legs were sore.

B2 adjective əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ

astonishing

Meaning

Extremely surprising or impressive; amazing.

Example

The astonishing discovery changed the way we view the universe.

B2 noun /ˈwel.feər/

Welfare

Meaning

the health, happiness, and fortunes of a person or group; care and support

Example

The government is responsible for the welfare of its citizens.

B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

manufacturing

Meaning

the process of making products on a large scale using machinery

Example

The country is investing heavily in the manufacturing sector.

B2 noun /ˈstæm.ɪ.nə/

Stamina

Meaning

the ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort

Example

Marathon runners need great stamina to complete the race.

B2 noun /ˈlæv.ən.dər/

Lavender

Meaning

a fragrant purple flowering plant used in perfumes and aromatherapy

Example

The lavender field filled the air with its sweet, calming fragrance.

B2 verb, noun, adjective /prɑːmpt/

prompt

Meaning

To cause someone to take action; done without delay.

Example

His speech prompted the audience to ask questions.

B2 noun /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/

accomplishment

Meaning

something that has been achieved successfully

Example

Graduating from university was a major accomplishment for him.

B2 noun ˈaʊt.pʊt

output

Meaning

The amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry.

Example

Climate change reduces agricultural output.

B2 noun /pərˈspek.tɪv/

Perspective

Meaning

a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view; the art of representing three-dimensional objects

Example

From his perspective, the decision was completely wrong.

B2 noun /θaɪ/

thigh

Meaning

the part of the leg between the hip and the knee

Example

He felt pain in his right thigh after running for an hour.

B2 noun əˈkɔːrd

accord

Meaning

An official agreement or treaty.

Example

The accord emphasized gradual progress.

B2 verb /blʌf/

bluff

Meaning

to deceive someone by pretending to have strength, knowledge, or resources that one does not actually possess

Example

He tried to bluff his way into the exclusive club.

B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

Meaning

an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work

Example

The author explained his motivation in the preface.

B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

Meaning

lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior

Example

His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.

B2 noun /ˈmɒdjuːl/

module

Meaning

a self-contained unit of a course or system, typically part of a larger whole

Example

The module on machine learning was difficult but informative.

B2 noun /ɪɡˈzæmɪnər/

examiner

Meaning

A person who tests or inspects knowledge, skills, or qualifications

Example

The examiner reviewed each student's answer sheet carefully.

B2 noun /ˈbriː.ðɪŋ tɛkˌniːks/

breathing techniques

Meaning

Methods of controlling breathing to achieve relaxation and improve health.

Example

Breathing techniques help in reducing stress and anxiety.

B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪ.di/

Shady

Meaning

providing shade; dishonest; suspicious

Example

The shady businessman made a suspicious deal.

B2 noun /ˈrɔɪəlti/

royalty

Meaning

Members of a royal family or payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or natural resource.

Example

The author receives a royalty for every book sold.

B2 adjective /ˈfɔːlti/

faulty

Meaning

Having defects or imperfections; not working properly

Example

The device stopped working because it was faulty.

B2 noun /ˈfaɪbər/

fiber

Meaning

a thread or filament from which a textile is formed; dietary substance from plants that aids digestion

Example

Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber.

B2 adjective /ˈsɛntɪɡreɪd/

centigrade

Meaning

Relating to the Celsius temperature scale, where water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.

Example

The weather forecast predicted 30 degrees centigrade.

B2 noun /hɪˈstɔːriən/

historian

Meaning

a person who studies or writes about history

Example

The historian gave a lecture on ancient civilizations.

B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

Meaning

a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different

Example

She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.

B2 noun /mɪl/

mill

Meaning

a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain or manufacturing goods

Example

The old flour mill has been converted into a museum.

B2 noun /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/

lifetime

Meaning

The duration of a person's life or the existence of something.

Example

She achieved more in her lifetime than most people dream of.

B2 noun /kwɪˈziːn/

cuisine

Meaning

A style or method of cooking, especially characteristic of a particular country or region.

Example

Italian cuisine is famous all over the world.

B2 verb /ˈskætər/

scatter

Meaning

to spread or throw around in different directions

Example

The wind scattered the leaves across the yard.

B2 verb /piːp/

peep

Meaning

to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound

Example

The child tried to peep through the keyhole.

B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning

to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.

Example

He rambled on about his childhood for hours.

B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

Meaning

a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land

Example

The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.

B2 verb /spɛər/

spare

Meaning

To give something that one has extra of; to refrain from harming or killing.

Example

Could you spare me a few minutes of your time?

B2 noun /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/

protocol

Meaning

an official procedure or system of rules

Example

The security team followed strict protocol during the event.

B2 noun /ˌkɑn.frənˈteɪ.ʃən/

Confrontation

Meaning

a hostile or argumentative meeting or situation between opposing parties; direct challenge or opposition

Example

The confrontation between the two leaders ended without any agreement.

B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

Meaning

a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness

Example

The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.

B2 adjective /suːˈpriːm/

Supreme

Meaning

highest in rank, authority, or quality; greatest; most important

Example

The Supreme Court made the final decision.

B2 adjective /ˈɒnərəbəl/

honourable

Meaning

deserving respect or admiration because of moral integrity; showing honesty and fairness

Example

She is known as an honourable leader who always keeps her promises.

B2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tiˈpɜː.pəs/

Multipurpose

Meaning

having multiple uses or functions; versatile

Example

This multipurpose tool can be used as a knife, screwdriver, and bottle opener.

B2 noun /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈmuːvmənt/

environmental movement

Meaning

A social or political movement aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices through advocacy, education, and policy changes.

Example

The environmental movement focuses on reducing pollution and protecting ecosystems.

B2 noun /rɛlm/

realm

Meaning

A kingdom or domain; a field or area of activity or interest.

Example

He is well known in the realm of science.

B2 verb /ˈælaɪ/

ally

Meaning

To unite or form a connection or partnership with another person, group, or nation.

Example

The two countries decided to ally against their common enemy.

B2 noun ˈæsɪd reɪn

acid rain

Meaning

Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, especially from industrial emissions.

Example

Acid rain damages crops and buildings.

B2 verb /ɪkˈspaɪər/

expire

Meaning

to come to an end, especially a period of validity or life

Example

My passport will expire next month.

B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

Meaning

feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved

Example

She felt relieved after hearing the good news.

B2 adjective /ˈfeɪtl/

fatal

Meaning

causing death; leading to disaster

Example

The accident proved fatal for the driver.

B2 noun /ˈdiːlər/

dealer

Meaning

a person or business that buys and sells goods; someone who distributes

Example

The car dealer offered a discount to attract customers.

B2 noun /ˈspəʊksmən/

spokesman

Meaning

a person who speaks on behalf of others, especially for a group or organization

Example

The spokesman addressed the crowd during the rally.

B2 adjective /ˈskɪni/

Skinny

Meaning

very thin; having little flesh or fat on the body

Example

The skinny cat looked like it hadn't eaten for days.

B2 noun /ˈæktɪvɪst/

activist

Meaning

A person who works to bring about social or political change.

Example

The activist organized a protest against pollution.

B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

Meaning

a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants

Example

She drank the juice through a straw.

B2 adjective /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

gigantic

Meaning

Extremely large or huge in size, power, or extent.

Example

The company made a gigantic investment in technology.

B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

Meaning

to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration

Example

The audience applauded the performance.

B2 noun /ɪnˈdjʊə.rəns/

endurance

Meaning

The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.

Example

Running a marathon requires exceptional endurance.

B2 adjective /ˈmæn.ju.əl/

Manual

Meaning

done by hand; operated by hand; not automatic

Example

This is a manual process that requires careful attention.

B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡrəl

integral

Meaning

Necessary to make a complete whole; essential or fundamental.

Example

Exercise is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle.

B2 adjective /prəˈpoʊzd/

proposed

Meaning

suggested or put forward for consideration or discussion

Example

The proposed changes will improve the system.

B2 noun /ˈkiːɒsk/

kiosk

Meaning

A small, open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc., are sold.

Example

She bought a bottle of water from the kiosk near the station.

B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

Meaning

People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.

Example

Intellectuals protested against the dominance.

B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning

A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.

Example

You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.

B2 verb /skwiːz/

squeeze

Meaning

to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to extract or compress it

Example

She squeezed the toothpaste to get the last bit.

B2 adjective ˌkæt.əˈstrɑː.fɪk

catastrophic

Meaning

Involving or causing sudden great damage or suffering.

Example

Climate change has catastrophic consequences.

B2 adjective /suːˈpɪə.ri.ər/

Superior

Meaning

higher in rank, quality, or importance; better than average

Example

This product is superior to all others in the market.