C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

Meaning

to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely

Example

She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.

C1 verb /ˌriːəˈfɜːrm/

reaffirm

Meaning

To state again strongly; to confirm or strengthen a statement or belief.

Example

The president reaffirmed his commitment to education reform.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskraɪbəbəl/

Indescribable

Meaning

impossible to describe or express in words; beyond description

Example

The beauty of the sunset was indescribable.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈfæt.ɪk/

Emphatic

Meaning

forceful; strong; showing emphasis; expressed with force and conviction

Example

She gave an emphatic 'no' to the proposal.

C1 noun ˌɒp.tɪ.maɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

optimization

Meaning

Improving processes to increase performance and efficiency.

Example

SEO optimization helps websites rank higher on search engines.

C1 verb /piːk/

pique

Meaning

to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger

Example

Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.

C1 noun /tɪf/

tiff

Meaning

a small or petty quarrel or argument

Example

They had a little tiff over what movie to watch.

C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

Meaning

The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.

Example

His stoicism during hardship was admirable.

C1 adjective ˌkwɪn.tɪˈsen.ʃəl

quintessential

Meaning

representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

Example

The artist's work is the quintessential example of modernism.

C1 noun /ˈstaɪləs/

stylus

Meaning

a small tool used for writing, drawing, or touching screens

Example

She used a stylus to draw on her tablet.

C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/

gullible

Meaning

Easily deceived or tricked.

Example

She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.

C1 noun /ədˈmɪtəns/

admittance

Meaning

the process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place

Example

No admittance without a valid ticket.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

Meaning

marking the beginning of something; first; opening

Example

The president delivered his inaugural speech.

C1 noun ˌæf.ɔːr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

afforestation

Meaning

The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to form a forest.

Example

Afforestation helps restore biodiversity.

C1 noun /ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/

herbicide

Meaning

A chemical substance used to kill unwanted plants, especially weeds.

Example

Farmers used herbicide to protect their crops from invasive weeds.

C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

Meaning

to split or divide; to cut through forcefully

Example

He used an axe to cleave the wood.

C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

Meaning

an introduction to a book, play, or event

Example

The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.

C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

Meaning

A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.

Example

The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.

C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

Meaning

a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way

Example

The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.

C1 adjective /ˌlaɪtˈhɑːrtɪd/

light-hearted

Meaning

cheerful, carefree, and not serious

Example

She gave a light-hearted speech at the party.

C1 verb /əˈvɛndʒ/

avenge

Meaning

to inflict harm in return for an injury or wrong done to oneself or another

Example

He vowed to avenge his brother's death.

C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nər/

garner

Meaning

To gather or collect, especially information, support, or approval.

Example

The politician garnered support from young voters.

C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

Meaning

the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something

Example

The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.

C1 noun /ˈpriːˌkɜrsər/

precursor

Meaning

Something or someone that comes before another and indicates the approach of something else.

Example

The steam engine was a precursor to modern trains.

C1 adjective /pɑːrtʃt/

parched

Meaning

extremely dry, especially because of heat or thirst

Example

After walking in the desert, he was parched with thirst.

C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

Meaning

To make something necessary or unavoidable.

Example

The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.

C1 adverb /ˈɪnwərdli/

inwardly

Meaning

In the mind or spirit; not outwardly visible.

Example

She smiled outwardly but inwardly she was worried.

C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

Meaning

having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others

Example

She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.

C1 adjective /ɪˈlʌstriəs/

illustrious

Meaning

Well known, respected, and admired for past achievements.

Example

She had an illustrious career in medicine.

C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuː

residue

Meaning

A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been removed.

Example

Soap residue affects appliance efficiency.

C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

Meaning

Up in or into the air; overhead.

Example

The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.

C1 verb /ˌʌn.dəˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

undercharge

Meaning

To charge less than the correct or fair amount.

Example

The shopkeeper accidentally undercharged me for the groceries.

C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

Meaning

At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.

Example

Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.

C1 noun /ˈtrɪŋkɪt/

trinket

Meaning

a small ornament or piece of jewelry that is not expensive

Example

She bought a little trinket from the beach market as a souvenir.

C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

Meaning

a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight

Example

Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.

C1 noun ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd

genocide

Meaning

The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

Example

The allegations of genocide raised global concerns.

C1 verb /dɪsˈɑːrm/

disarm

Meaning

to take weapons away from someone; to make someone feel less hostile

Example

The soldiers were ordered to disarm the rebels.

C1 noun ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk ˈstræt.ə.dʒi

systematic strategy

Meaning

A methodical and organized plan or approach to achieve specific objectives.

Example

A systematic strategy was employed to achieve objectives.

C1 verb rɪˈpel

repel

Meaning

To push away or force apart due to similar charges or properties.

Example

Protons repel each other.

C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ɑːk/

Monarch

Meaning

a sovereign ruler, especially a king or queen

Example

The monarch addressed the nation on television.

C1 noun /stɛlθ/

stealth

Meaning

The act of moving, doing, or achieving something quietly and secretly.

Example

The cat moved with stealth towards its prey.

C1 noun /slɪt/

Slit

Meaning

a long narrow opening or cut

Example

There was a small slit in the fabric.

C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/

irate

Meaning

Extremely angry.

Example

The customer became irate after waiting for hours.

C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

Meaning

splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty

Example

The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.

C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

Meaning

To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.

Example

The team equalized the score in the last minute.

C1 noun /ˈpeɪ.ɡən/

Pagan

Meaning

a person holding religious beliefs other than the main world religions; a heathen

Example

Ancient Romans considered early Christians to be pagans.

C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

Meaning

Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.

Example

The report contained redundant information.

C1 noun /bɪz/

Biz

Meaning

business (informal); commercial enterprise or activity

Example

He's been in the restaurant biz for twenty years.

C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

Meaning

A large fleet of warships.

Example

The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.

C1 noun /ˈflæt.ər.i/

Flattery

Meaning

excessive and insincere praise, given especially to further one's own interests

Example

His constant flattery made everyone suspicious of his true motives.

C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

Meaning

Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

Example

Broken capillaries cause dark circles.

C1 noun /plæsˈtɪsəti/

plasticity

Meaning

the quality of being easily shaped or molded; adaptability

Example

The brain's plasticity allows it to adapt after injury.

C1 noun /noʊm/

gnome

Meaning

a small mythical creature, often depicted as a bearded man living underground; also a figurine used in gardens

Example

The garden was decorated with a gnome statue.

C1 noun /ˈfræk.tʃər/

Fracture

Meaning

the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material; a break in a bone

Example

The doctor confirmed that he had a hairline fracture in his wrist.

C1 noun /ˈpɒ̃ʃɒ̃/

penchant

Meaning

a strong or habitual liking for something or tendency to do something

Example

She has a penchant for collecting rare books.

C1 noun ˌfɔːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn

fortification

Meaning

A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack.

Example

The fortifications protected the city.

C1 verb /həˈluːsɪneɪt/

hallucinate

Meaning

to see, hear, or sense things that are not actually present, often due to illness or drugs

Example

After taking the medicine, he began to hallucinate strange shapes.

C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

Meaning

The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward

Example

Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.

C1 noun ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt

mismanagement

Meaning

Bad or careless management of something.

Example

Mismanagement of plastic waste worsens pollution.

C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

Meaning

Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.

Example

She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.

C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

Meaning

a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position

Example

After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.

C1 noun /ˈdɪŋɡi/

dinghy

Meaning

a small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel, used for short trips or as a lifeboat

Example

They rowed the dinghy back to the yacht.

C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

Meaning

A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.

Example

Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.

C1 noun ˌtoʊ.kə.nɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

tokenization

Meaning

The process of breaking text into smaller units like words, phrases, or symbols for analysis.

Example

NLP uses tokenization to break text into smaller units.

C1 adjective /ˌmel.ənˈkɒl.ɪk/

Melancholic

Meaning

sad and thoughtful; feeling or expressing sadness

Example

The melancholic music made everyone feel sad.

C1 verb /ˈmɪŋɡl/

mingle

Meaning

to mix or combine; to move among people and engage socially

Example

Guests mingled at the party, chatting and laughing together.

C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

Meaning

Smaller than the usual or expected size.

Example

The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.

C1 adjective /ˈmuː.və.bl̩/

Movable

Meaning

capable of being moved; not fixed in position

Example

The furniture is movable so we can rearrange the room easily.

C1 noun /ˈrʌmpəs/

Rumpus

Meaning

a noisy disturbance; an uproar or commotion

Example

The children caused quite a rumpus in the playground.

C1 verb /ʌnˈkɔrk/

uncork

Meaning

To remove the cork from a bottle; to open a bottle, especially of wine

Example

He uncorked the wine and poured a glass for everyone.

C1 noun /hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/

Hypocrisy

Meaning

the practice of claiming to have moral standards that one does not actually possess; insincerity

Example

His hypocrisy was exposed when he criticized others for the same mistakes he had made.

C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

Meaning

people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time

Example

The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.

C1 verb /praʊl/

prowl

Meaning

To move around quietly and secretly, especially while hunting or searching.

Example

The cat prowled around the garden at night.

C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

Meaning

an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths

Example

The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.

C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

Meaning

A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.

Example

The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.

C1 noun /ədˈhɪə.rəns/

adherence

Meaning

The practice of following or keeping to a rule, standard, or belief.

Example

Adherence to rules is crucial in any organization.

C1 adjective /ˈviːnəs/

venous

Meaning

relating to the veins that carry blood to the heart

Example

The doctor examined the patient’s venous circulation.

C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.teɪ/ or /fɔːrt/

forte

Meaning

a strong ability or talent; something one does particularly well

Example

Cooking is definitely her forte.

C1 noun /ˌnɑm.əˈni/

Nominee

Meaning

a person who is nominated for an office, award, or honor

Example

She was the nominee for the Best Actress award.

C1 noun /meər/

Mare

Meaning

an adult female horse

Example

The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.

C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

Meaning

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility

Example

He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.

C1 verb/noun /ɡraʊl/

growl

Meaning

To make a low, guttural sound, often in anger (by animals or humans).

Example

The dog growled at the stranger.

C1 noun ˌfɜːr.tɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

fertilization

Meaning

The process of adding nutrients to soil to increase crop productivity.

Example

Organic fertilization enhances soil health.

C1 verb /kənˈsaɪn/

consign

Meaning

to deliver something to a person or place, often for selling or safekeeping

Example

He consigned the package to the shipping company.

C1 adjective /trænsˈluːsənt/

translucent

Meaning

allowing light to pass through, but not clearly enough to see detailed images

Example

She placed the flower in a translucent vase.

C1 verb /ˈfɔːrtɪˌfaɪ/

fortify

Meaning

To strengthen a place, person, or thing physically or mentally.

Example

They fortified the city walls to protect against invasion.

C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.təʊn/

monotone

Meaning

A continuous sound, especially of a person's voice, that does not rise and fall in pitch.

Example

The teacher's monotone made the lecture hard to follow.

C1 verb /ɪnˈlɪst/

enlist

Meaning

to join or sign up, especially for military service; to secure someone's support or help

Example

He decided to enlist in the army after graduation.

C1 noun /ˈsəʊdiəm/

sodium

Meaning

a soft, silver-white chemical element that is highly reactive and found in salt.

Example

Sodium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance in the body.

C1 noun /ˈtwɪstər/

twister

Meaning

A tornado or something that twists; also refers to a challenging tongue twister.

Example

The twister destroyed several houses in the village.

C1 verb /ɪmˈpiːd/

impede

Meaning

To obstruct or hinder the progress or development of something.

Example

Lack of funds can impede business growth.

C1 verb /bruːd/

brood

Meaning

to think deeply about something that makes one unhappy; also, a group of young birds hatched at the same time

Example

He sat alone, brooding over his failures.

C1 noun ˌmɪs.kənˈsɛp.ʃən

misconception

Meaning

A wrong idea or false understanding about something.

Example

There is a common misconception that success happens overnight.

C1 noun /ˈliːniənsi/

leniency

Meaning

The quality of being more merciful or tolerant than expected.

Example

The judge showed leniency in his ruling.

C1 noun dəˌmɛstɪˈkeɪʃən

domestication

Meaning

The process of taming an animal and keeping it as a pet or for farm produce.

Example

Domestication of animals has been crucial for human survival.

C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

Meaning

The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.

Example

The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.

C1 verb /ˈæɡənaɪz/

agonize

Meaning

To suffer extreme physical or mental pain; to spend time worrying.

Example

She agonized for days over whether she had made the right decision.

C1 adjective /ˈlɑːpˌsaɪdɪd/

lopsided

Meaning

with one side lower, larger, or different from the other; uneven or imbalanced

Example

The cake looked lopsided after being decorated in a hurry.

C1 verb /ˈwɒb.l̩/

wobble

Meaning

to move unsteadily from side to side; to shake or tremble slightly

Example

The table began to wobble when he leaned on it.

C1 noun /tækt/

tact

Meaning

Adroitness and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues.

Example

He handled the situation with tact and professionalism.

C1 verb /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/

misinterpret

Meaning

to understand or explain something wrongly

Example

He misinterpreted her silence as agreement.

C1 adjective /ˈhæk.nid/

hackneyed

Meaning

Used too often and therefore lacking originality or freshness.

Example

The speech was filled with hackneyed phrases that failed to inspire the audience.

C1 noun /ˈɔːr.ə.tɔːr.i/

oratory

Meaning

The art of public speaking; skilled and confident delivery of speeches to an audience.

Example

His exceptional oratory skills won him the debate competition.

C1 adjective /ˈruːfəl/

rueful

Meaning

Expressing sorrow, regret, or pity.

Example

He gave a rueful smile after losing the match.

C1 verb /fɔːrˈseɪk/

forsake

Meaning

to abandon or give up something or someone

Example

He decided not to forsake his old friends despite his success.

C1 noun /ˈɒstrəsɪzəm/

ostracism

Meaning

The act of excluding someone from a group or society.

Example

The student faced ostracism after breaking the rules.

C1 verb /dɪsˈɡrʌntl/

disgruntle

Meaning

to make someone dissatisfied or discontented

Example

The unfair treatment disgruntled the workers.

C1 noun /haɪˈpɜːrbəli/

hyperbole

Meaning

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Example

Saying he could run a thousand miles in a day is pure hyperbole.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

Meaning

Not able to be divided or separated.

Example

The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.

C1 noun /əˈkwɪtl/

acquittal

Meaning

a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which they have been charged

Example

The acquittal of the accused shocked the public.

C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

Meaning

The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.

Example

Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.

C1 noun /ˈtriːtɪs/

treatise

Meaning

a formal and systematic written work dealing with a subject in detail

Example

He wrote a treatise on modern economic theory.

C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

Meaning

To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.

Example

I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.

C1 verb /ˈpændər/

pander

Meaning

to indulge or exploit the weaknesses, desires, or immoral tendencies of others

Example

The politician was accused of pandering to voters' fears.

C1 adjective /ɪnˈhɛrənt/

inherent

Meaning

Existing in something as a natural, permanent, or essential quality.

Example

There are inherent risks in extreme sports.

C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

Meaning

To scatter or spread widely in different directions.

Example

The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.

C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

Meaning

A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.

Example

He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.

C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

Meaning

annoying or irritating

Example

Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.

C1 adjective /hɜːrˈbɪv.ər.əs/

Herbivorous

Meaning

feeding on plants; plant-eating

Example

Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.

C1 noun /prəˈpraɪəti/

propriety

Meaning

Conformity to accepted standards of behavior or morality.

Example

He always behaved with the utmost propriety in public.

C1 noun ˈpɑː.sɪŋ

parsing

Meaning

The process of analyzing sentence structure to understand grammatical relationships.

Example

The AI model performs parsing to understand syntax.