B2 adjective ˈskɒl.ə.li

scholarly

Meaning

Having or showing great knowledge or learning; academic in approach or method.

Example

He wrote a scholarly article on ancient philosophy.

B2 adjective /sɑːrˈkæstɪk/

sarcastic

Meaning

Using irony or mockery to convey contempt or humor.

Example

She made a sarcastic remark about his cooking.

B2 adjective /ˈrest.ləs/

Restless

Meaning

unable to rest or relax; constantly moving or fidgeting

Example

The child was restless during the long car journey.

B2 adjective /ʃɪər/

Sheer

Meaning

complete; absolute; transparent; very steep

Example

It was sheer luck that we found the place.

B2 adverb /əˈfek.ʃən.ət.li/

Affectionately

Meaning

in a way that shows feelings of liking or love; with fondness and care

Example

She hugged her grandmother affectionately.

B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

Meaning

a small stream or narrow river

Example

We went fishing by the creek near our house.

B2 noun /ˈspəʊksmən/

spokesman

Meaning

a person who speaks on behalf of others, especially for a group or organization

Example

The spokesman addressed the crowd during the rally.

B2 noun /ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/

bankruptcy

Meaning

the state of being unable to pay debts owed, declared by a legal process

Example

The company declared bankruptcy after months of financial struggles.

B2 noun, verb /steɪk/

stake

Meaning

A share or interest in a business or venture; to risk or support something of value.

Example

He has a major stake in the new company.

B2 noun /ˌkɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/

condensation

Meaning

The process of water vapor changing into liquid; also, the act of making something more concise.

Example

Condensation formed on the windows during the cold night.

B2 noun /ˈdraɪv.weɪ/

driveway

Meaning

a short private road leading from a street to a house or garage

Example

The car was parked in the driveway next to the garden.

B2 noun /ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/

termination

Meaning

the act of ending something or the state of being ended

Example

The termination of the contract caused financial loss.

B2 noun /ˈek.oʊ/

Echo

Meaning

a sound that is reflected back; a repetition or imitation

Example

His voice created a clear echo in the empty cathedral.

B2 noun /ˌek.spɪˈdɪʃ.ən/

Expedition

Meaning

a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose; organized trip for exploration

Example

The mountain climbing expedition required months of careful planning and preparation.

B2 noun /fleɪm/

Flame

Meaning

a hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire

Example

The candle flame flickered gently in the evening breeze.

B2 noun /ˈtek.staɪl/

textile

Meaning

a type of cloth or woven fabric made by knitting or weaving fibers

Example

Bangladesh is famous for its high-quality textile industry.

B2 noun /heɪl/

Hail

Meaning

pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds; a greeting or acclaim

Example

The sudden hailstorm damaged many cars in the parking lot with large ice pellets.

B2 verb /oʊˈmɪt/

omit

Meaning

to leave out or exclude; to fail to include something

Example

Please don't omit any important details from your report.

B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

Meaning

a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances

Example

The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.

B2 noun /ˈbɒmɪŋ/

bombing

Meaning

an attack using bombs or explosives

Example

The city was devastated by the bombing.

B2 noun /ˈbækdrɒp/

backdrop

Meaning

a painted cloth or other structure used behind a stage

Example

The backdrop for the play was a beautiful mountain scene.

B2 adverb /ˈtaɪtli/

Tightly

Meaning

in a tight manner; firmly; securely

Example

Hold the rope tightly so you don't fall.

B2 noun wɜːrld ˈhɛrɪtɪdʒ saɪt

World Heritage Site

Meaning

A landmark or area selected by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance.

Example

Sundarbans is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

B2 noun /ˈmeɪnstriːm/

mainstream

Meaning

the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; the dominant trend in opinion or fashion

Example

Social media has become a mainstream source of news for many people.

B2 adjective /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Rational

Meaning

based on reason and logic; sensible and practical

Example

She made a rational decision based on the available facts.

B2 noun /flɛkˈsɪbɪləti/

flexibility

Meaning

The quality of bending easily without breaking; willingness to change or compromise.

Example

The flexibility of the working hours made it easier to balance work and personal life.

B2 noun /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/

accomplishment

Meaning

something that has been achieved successfully

Example

Graduating from university was a major accomplishment for him.

B2 noun /mɪkst ˈkʌlər/

Mixed colour

Meaning

a color created by combining two or more different colors

Example

The mixed colour created a beautiful gradient on the canvas.

B2 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.ɡət/

Delegate

Meaning

a person chosen or elected to act for or represent others; representative

Example

Each country sent a delegate to participate in the international conference.

B2 noun /ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

representation

Meaning

the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone or something

Example

Her representation of the team was impeccable.

B2 adjective /səˈbɜːrbən/

suburban

Meaning

relating to or characteristic of a suburb or the people living there

Example

They bought a house in a quiet suburban area.

B2 noun /ˈfaʊn.dər/

Founder

Meaning

a person who establishes an institution or settlement; someone who starts or creates something

Example

Steve Jobs was the co-founder of Apple Inc. and revolutionized personal computing.

B2 noun /æs/

Ass

Meaning

a donkey; a small domesticated animal of the horse family

Example

The farmer used an ass to carry heavy loads.

B2 verb /dɪˈraɪv/

derive

Meaning

To obtain something from a source.

Example

Many English words derive from Latin.

B2 noun ɪnˈfleɪʃən

inflation

Meaning

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

Example

Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers.

B2 noun /ˌhez.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Hesitation

Meaning

the action of pausing or delaying; uncertainty or unwillingness to act

Example

After a moment of hesitation, she decided to accept the challenging job offer from the company.

B2 noun /depθ/

Depth

Meaning

the distance from the top or surface to the bottom; the quality of being intense or profound

Example

The depth of the ocean in this area reaches over three thousand meters.

B2 noun /ˈpæθweɪ/

pathway

Meaning

a route or course along which something travels or progresses

Example

The narrow pathway led to the hidden garden.

B2 noun ˈkɑː.bən

carbon

Meaning

The chemical element of atomic number 6, occurring as diamond, graphite, and charcoal.

Example

Carbon emissions must be controlled.

B2 noun /pledʒ/

Pledge

Meaning

a solemn promise or undertaking; something given as security for a loan; a commitment or guarantee

Example

He made a pledge to donate money to charity.

B2 noun /ˈkæt fɪʃ/

Cat fish

Meaning

a freshwater fish with whisker-like barbels around the mouth, commonly found in ponds and rivers

Example

Catfish is often fried and served with rice in Bengali cuisine.

B2 verb /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/

demolish

Meaning

to destroy completely, especially a building or structure

Example

The city decided to demolish the old stadium to build a new one.

B2 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/

emerging

Meaning

becoming known, developing, or starting to exist

Example

Bangladesh is one of the fastest emerging economies in the world.

B2 noun ˈikoʊ ˈfrɛndli tɛkˈnɑləʤiz

eco-friendly technologies

Meaning

Technologies that are designed to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability.

Example

Eco-friendly technologies can mitigate pollution.

B2 noun /ɪnˈtɜː.prə.tər/

Interpreter

Meaning

a person who translates orally from one language into another; someone who explains meaning

Example

The international conference hired professional interpreters to translate speeches in real time.

B2 noun ˈnætʃərəl ˈhæbɪtæt

Natural Habitat

Meaning

The natural environment where organisms live and fulfill their life needs.

Example

Protecting the natural habitat is crucial for butterflies.

B2 noun /plænˈteɪʃən/

plantation

Meaning

a large area of land where crops are grown, often for commercial purposes

Example

The sugarcane plantation stretched for miles across the valley.

B2 noun /dɪˈsper/

Despair

Meaning

the complete loss or absence of hope; a state of feeling hopeless

Example

After losing his job, he fell into despair and couldn't see any way forward.

B2 adverb /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

essentially

Meaning

Used to emphasize the basic or fundamental nature of something.

Example

The two plans are essentially the same.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning

able to be changed; likely to change frequently

Example

The weather is very changeable in spring.

B2 adjective ˈɛvɪdənt

evident

Meaning

Clearly seen or understood; obvious.

Example

The result was evident.

B2 noun /ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/

molecule

Meaning

The smallest unit of a chemical compound that retains its chemical properties.

Example

A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

B2 verb /ʌnˈtaɪ/

untie

Meaning

to loosen or remove a knot or binding; to release something that is tied

Example

She untied the rope to free the boat.

B2 verb /kəˈmɛnd/

commend

Meaning

to praise formally or officially

Example

The teacher commended the students for their hard work.

B2 adjective /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

Conditional

Meaning

dependent on certain conditions; not absolute

Example

The job offer is conditional upon passing the background check.

B2 verb /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

encompass

Meaning

To include comprehensively; to surround or encircle.

Example

The project will encompass all aspects of rural development.

B2 noun /ˈkiː.pər/

Keeper

Meaning

a person whose job it is to guard or take care of something or someone; a goalkeeper

Example

The zoo keeper fed the animals every morning at eight o'clock.

B2 adverb /ˈædɪkwətli/

adequately

Meaning

in a satisfactory manner

Example

He completed the task adequately, but could improve next time.

B2 noun ɪˌlɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

elimination

Meaning

The complete removal or destruction of something.

Example

The elimination of emissions is a priority.

B2 verb /slæp/

slap

Meaning

to hit someone quickly with the flat part of the hand; to strike sharply

Example

She was so angry that she slapped him across the face.

B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

Meaning

in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence

Example

The policy affected small businesses indirectly.

B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

Meaning

to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration

Example

The audience applauded the performance.

B2 noun prəˈsiːdɪŋz

proceedings

Meaning

An event or a series of activities involving a formal or set procedure.

Example

The proceedings discussed language issues.

B2 noun səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt

Sustainable Development

Meaning

Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Example

Eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development in local communities.

B2 verb /ɪmˈbreɪs/

embrace

Meaning

to hold someone closely in your arms; to accept willingly

Example

She embraced her friend at the airport.

B2 noun /ˈsikwəns/

Sequence

Meaning

a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other; a set of related events, movements, or things that follow each other in a particular order

Example

The dance sequence was perfectly choreographed.

B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

Meaning

An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.

Example

An index organizes critical data.

B2 verb /fɔːrˈsiː/

foresee

Meaning

To be aware of beforehand; to predict or expect.

Example

She could foresee the challenges ahead.

B2 adjective /ˌfæʃ.ənd/

Outdated

Meaning

obsolete; no longer current

Example

This computer software is completely outdated.

B2 noun ˈfrʌn.tɪərz

frontiers

Meaning

The extreme limit of settled land beyond which lies wilderness; the limits of knowledge or achievement in a particular field.

Example

The project pushes the frontiers of space exploration.

B2 noun/verb /swɑːmp/

swamp

Meaning

An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh.

Example

The village was built near a swamp.

B2 adjective, verb (present participle) /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

floating

Meaning

remaining on the surface of a liquid without sinking; moving lightly or freely

Example

The boat was floating gently on the calm lake.

B2 noun /ˈɔːkʃən/

Auction

Meaning

a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder

Example

The antique furniture was sold at an auction last weekend.

B2 noun /siːdʒ/

siege

Meaning

A military operation in which a place is surrounded to force its surrender.

Example

The castle fell after a long siege.

B2 adverb /ˈsoʊlli/

solely

Meaning

only; not involving anyone or anything else

Example

He is solely responsible for the decision.

B2 adjective /ʌnˈendɪŋ/

Unending

Meaning

continuing forever; without end

Example

The unending rain made the day feel gloomy.

B2 noun ˈlɒŋ tɜːm ˈmɛm.ər.i

Long-term memory

Meaning

Such memory that remains stored in the brain for a long time

Example

Repeated practice helps transfer information into long-term memory.

B2 noun /wɜːrd fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

word formation

Meaning

the process by which new words are created or existing words are modified in a language

Example

Word formation helps learners understand how new vocabulary develops in English.

B2 adjective /ˈlɛdʒɪslətɪv/

legislative

Meaning

relating to the making of laws

Example

The legislative body passed the new tax bill.

B2 noun /ˈpiː.lər/

Peeler

Meaning

a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables

Example

Use a peeler to remove the potato skin.

B2 adjective /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/

Anonymous

Meaning

having an unknown name or identity; nameless

Example

The author published the book under an anonymous pseudonym.

B2 adjective /ˈpraɪ.ər/

Prior

Meaning

existing or coming before in time; previous; earlier

Example

You need prior approval before making any changes to the system.

B2 verb /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

sympathize

Meaning

to feel sorry for someone; to understand and share someone's feelings

Example

I sympathize with your loss.

B2 noun /brɪŋk/

brink

Meaning

The edge or point just before a significant event or change.

Example

The company was on the brink of bankruptcy.

B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

Meaning

the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation

Example

Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.

B2 verb praɪˈɒraɪtaɪz

prioritize

Meaning

To designate or treat something as more important than other things

Example

Prioritize your tasks to stay efficient.

B2 adverb /ˈθɪkli/

Thickly

Meaning

in a thick manner; densely; heavily

Example

The forest was thickly wooded with tall pine trees.

B2 adjective /ˈwɜːrθˌwaɪl/

worthwhile

Meaning

worth the time, effort, or money spent; valuable

Example

Volunteering at the shelter was a worthwhile experience.

B2 noun /ˈlɛtɪs/

lettuce

Meaning

a leafy green vegetable commonly used in salads and sandwiches

Example

She added fresh lettuce to the sandwich.

B2 adjective /ˈrʌs.ti/

Rusty

Meaning

affected by rust; out of practice; impaired by lack of recent practice

Example

My piano skills are rusty after not playing for years.

B2 verb /rɪˈnuː/

renew

Meaning

to make something new again or extend its period of validity

Example

I need to renew my passport before traveling.

B2 noun /ˈsɪmptəm/

symptom

Meaning

a sign or indication of something, especially of an illness

Example

Fever is a common symptom of the flu.

B2 noun ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən

implementation

Meaning

The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.

Example

Proper implementation of policies is crucial.

B2 adjective /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/

fundamental

Meaning

forming a necessary base or core; of central importance

Example

Honesty is a fundamental principle of good leadership.

B2 adverb /mɪdst/

Midst

Meaning

in the middle of; among

Example

She stood in the midst of the crowd.

B2 noun /præŋk/

prank

Meaning

A trick that is intended to be funny but not harmful.

Example

They played a harmless prank on their friend during the party.

B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

Meaning

The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.

Example

Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.

B2 verb /rɪˈteɪn/

retain

Meaning

to keep possession of something

Example

The company decided to retain its experienced employees.

B2 adverb /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkli/

alphabetically

Meaning

in the order of the letters of the alphabet

Example

The names are listed alphabetically in the register.

B2 adjective rɪˈnaʊnd

renowned

Meaning

Known or talked about by many people; famous.

Example

The renowned scientist led the reform panel.

B2 noun /wæks ˈkændəl/

Wax-candle

Meaning

a cylinder of wax with a wick through it that burns to give light

Example

We lit a wax candle during the power outage.

B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

Meaning

a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants

Example

She drank the juice through a straw.

B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/

exotic

Meaning

Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.

Example

The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.

B2 adjective /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/

outstanding

Meaning

extremely good or impressive; not yet resolved or paid

Example

She received an award for her outstanding performance.

B2 adjective /sɪmˈbɒlɪk/

symbolic

Meaning

serving as a symbol or representing something else

Example

The dove is symbolic of peace and freedom.

B2 noun /kənˈsɛnt/

consent

Meaning

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something

Example

She gave her consent before the operation.

B2 noun /ˈlen.tɪl/

Lentil

Meaning

a high-protein pulse which is dried and then soaked and cooked prior to eating

Example

She cooked red lentils for dinner tonight.

B2 adjective ˈstrʌktʃərəl

structural

Meaning

Relating to or forming part of a structure.

Example

The structural integrity of the bridge was tested after the storm.

B2 verb /ˈtaɪtən/

Tighten

Meaning

to make something more secure or less loose

Example

He tightened the screws to secure the shelf.

B2 adjective /suːˈpɪə.ri.ər/

Superior

Meaning

higher in rank, quality, or importance; better than average

Example

This product is superior to all others in the market.

B2 noun /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

formation

Meaning

the action of forming or process of being formed

Example

The formation of the new company took several months.

B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

Distinguished

Meaning

notable; honored; famous; having a dignified appearance or manner

Example

He is a distinguished professor at the university.

B2 verb /ʌnˈveɪl/

unveil

Meaning

to reveal or disclose something, especially in a formal manner

Example

The company will unveil a new product next week.

B2 noun /ˈæsɪd/

acid

Meaning

a chemical substance that reacts with bases and has a sour taste

Example

Lemons contain citric acid.

B2 noun /swɪŋ/

Swing

Meaning

move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis

Example

The children love to swing in the park.

B2 noun /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r)/

supervisor

Meaning

a person who manages or directs the work of others

Example

The supervisor checked the progress of each employee.

B2 noun /ˈmes.ɪn.dʒər/

Messenger

Meaning

a person who carries messages or communications between parties

Example

The messenger delivered important battle plans to the commander.

B2 noun ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋz

shortcomings

Meaning

A fault or failure to meet a certain standard; deficiencies.

Example

Institutional shortcomings affect student behavior negatively.

B2 noun /dʒɔɪnt/

Joint

Meaning

a point at which parts of the body are connected; shared by two or more people

Example

The joint effort of the team led to the project's success.

B2 adjective /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/

infinite

Meaning

limitless or endless in space, extent, or number

Example

The universe is often described as infinite.

B2 adjective /ˌæn.tiˈsoʊ.ʃəl/

Antisocial

Meaning

avoiding social interaction; hostile to social order

Example

His antisocial behavior made it difficult for him to make friends.