ruthless competition
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B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən

ruthless competition

Meaning
Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.
Example
Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.
B2 noun /roʊst/

Roast

Meaning
Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire
Example
The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender.
B2 adjective /ˈruː.tɪd/

Rooted

Meaning
deeply established; firmly fixed
Example
His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition.
B2 noun /ˈrɛfjuːdʒ/

refuge

Meaning
a place that provides shelter or protection from danger or distress
Example
The villagers took refuge in the temple during the storm.
B2 verb /rɪˈfaɪn/

refine

Meaning
to improve by making small changes; to purify
Example
The chef refines the recipe to perfection.
B2 noun /ræɡ/

Rag

Meaning
a piece of old cloth used for cleaning; worn-out clothing
Example
She used an old rag to clean the dusty table.
B2 noun /rɪb/

Rib

Meaning
one of the curved bones that protect the chest and lungs
Example
He broke his rib in the accident.
B2 noun /ˈrækɪt/

racket

Meaning
A piece of equipment used to hit the ball in sports like tennis or badminton; also a loud noise or an illegal scheme.
Example
He bought a new tennis racket for the match.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɪst/

resist

Meaning
to oppose or fight against; to withstand
Example
He could not resist the temptation.
B2 noun /red liːf/

Red leaf

Meaning
red-colored leafy vegetable; amaranth leaves used as greens
Example
Red leaf is rich in iron and is commonly eaten in Bengali households.
B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

Meaning
thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images
Example
After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.
B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

Meaning
the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state
Example
The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zɪnz/

Raisins

Meaning
dried grapes, often used in cooking and baking
Example
She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.
B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

Meaning
the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale
Example
The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.
B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

Meaning
willingly; easily; without hesitation
Example
She readily agreed to help with the project.
B2 noun /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

reasoning

Meaning
the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment
Example
Her reasoning for leaving was clear and logical.
B2 noun /rɪˈfɔːr.mər/

Reformer

Meaning
a person who works to bring about positive changes in society or institutions
Example
The social reformer dedicated her life to improving education for all children.
B2 noun /rɪˈzembləns/

Resemblance

Meaning
the state of being alike or similar; similarity in appearance or character
Example
There's a strong resemblance between the two sisters.
B2 adjective /ˈrændəm/

Random

Meaning
without pattern or predetermined order; happening by chance
Example
She selected a random book from the library shelf.
B2 verb /rɒt/

rot

Meaning
to decay or decompose; to become corrupt
Example
The fruit will rot if left in the sun.
B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

Meaning
a framework or structure for holding or storing things
Example
She hung her coat on the rack by the door.
B2 verb /rɪˈnuː/

renew

Meaning
to make something new again or extend its period of validity
Example
I need to renew my passport before traveling.
B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning
Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition
Example
Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.
B2 verb /ˈrɛnəˌveɪt/

renovate

Meaning
to restore something old to a good state or to improve it
Example
They decided to renovate the old house before moving in.
B2 verb /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/

reproduce

Meaning
To make a copy of something; to generate offspring.
Example
Many animals reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions.
B2 noun /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

reinforcement

Meaning
Strengthening or supporting something, especially behavior or learning.
Example
Positive reinforcement helps in learning.
B2 noun /ˌrɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

realization

Meaning
the act of becoming fully aware of something as a fact
Example
Her realization of the problem helped solve the issue.
B2 verb /rɪˈstrɪkt/

restrict

Meaning
To limit the size, amount, or range of something.
Example
The government decided to restrict the use of plastic bags.
B2 verb /rɪˈliːv/

relieve

Meaning
to make pain, distress, or difficulty less severe or serious
Example
The medicine helped relieve his headache.
B2 noun /ˈriːteɪlər/

retailer

Meaning
a person or business that sells goods to consumers rather than to other businesses
Example
The retailer offers discounts on electronic products.
B2 verb /rɪˈvɜːs/

reverse

Meaning
to change something to the opposite direction, position, or result
Example
She quickly reversed the car out of the driveway.
B2 verb /rɪˈkɜːr/

recur

Meaning
to happen again, especially repeatedly or at regular intervals
Example
The headache tends to recur every few weeks.
B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

Meaning
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
Example
The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
B2 noun /ˈrɒbər/

robber

Meaning
a person who steals property from others, often using force or threat
Example
The robber was caught after a quick police chase.
B2 adjective /ˈreɪsɪst/

racist

Meaning
showing or feeling discrimination or prejudice against people of other races
Example
He was accused of making racist comments.
B2 adjective /rɪˈɡret.ə.bəl/

Regrettable

Meaning
causing or deserving regret; unfortunate; deplorable
Example
It is regrettable that so many talented people left the company.
B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪnz/

remains

Meaning
the parts, pieces, or substances that are left after the rest has been used or removed
Example
The remains of the meal were left on the table.
B2 noun /ˌriː.əˈʃʊr.əns/

Reassurance

Meaning
comfort or confidence given to someone to remove their fears or doubts
Example
She needed reassurance that everything would be okay.
B2 adverb /rɪˈpɔːtɪdli/

reportedly

Meaning
according to what is said or believed, although not confirmed
Example
The company has reportedly agreed to the new terms.
B2 noun /ˈrʊki/

rookie

Meaning
a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner
Example
The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day.
B2 verb /ˈreɪn.dʒɪŋ/

ranging

Meaning
Extending or varying between limits.
Example
The temperatures are ranging from 15 to 30 degrees this week.
B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

Meaning
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Example
The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.
B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈsɪd.ər/

reconsider

Meaning
to think about something again, especially to change a decision or opinion
Example
She decided to reconsider her decision about moving abroad.
B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

Meaning
A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.
Example
The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.
B2 verb /reɪn/

reign

Meaning
to rule as a king or queen; to be dominant
Example
The queen reigned for over sixty years.
B2 noun /rɒd/

rod

Meaning
a thin straight bar, especially of metal or wood
Example
He used an iron rod to support the structure.
B2 noun /ˈruːmər/

Rumour

Meaning
a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth; gossip
Example
There's a rumour that the company will close next month.
B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

Meaning
feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved
Example
She felt relieved after hearing the good news.
B2 noun /ˈraɪət/

Riot

Meaning
a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an uncontrolled outburst
Example
The peaceful protest turned into a riot when violence broke out.
B2 verb /rɪˈvoʊlt/

revolt

Meaning
to rebel against authority; to feel disgust
Example
The people revolted against the corrupt government.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zər/

Razor

Meaning
a sharp-edged instrument used for shaving hair from the skin
Example
He shaved his beard with a sharp razor.
B2 noun /rɪˈhɜːr.səl/

Rehearsal

Meaning
a practice performance of a play, concert, or other work for later public performance
Example
The final rehearsal before opening night went perfectly.
B2 noun /ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən/

Recreation

Meaning
an activity that is done for enjoyment; the process of making something exist again
Example
The park provides recreation facilities for children and adults.
B2 noun /ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən/

revelation

Meaning
A surprising and previously unknown fact, especially one made known in a dramatic way.
Example
The book was full of shocking revelations about the politician.
B2 noun /ˈrem.ə.di/

Remedy

Meaning
a medicine or treatment for a disease; a solution to a problem
Example
This herbal remedy helps with headaches.
B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

Meaning
a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised
Example
They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.
B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

Meaning
to feel or show great joy; to celebrate
Example
The family rejoices at the good news.
B2 noun ˈrɛvənuː

revenue

Meaning
Income, especially when of a company or organization.
Example
The company's revenue grew by 10% this year.
B2 adverb /rɪˈspektɪvli/

Respectively

Meaning
in the order given; separately and in the order already mentioned
Example
John and Mary are 25 and 30 years old respectively.
B2 adverb /rɪˈlʌk.tənt.li/

Reluctantly

Meaning
in an unwilling manner; with hesitation or resistance
Example
She reluctantly agreed to help with the project.
B2 noun /rɪˈstrɪk.ʃən/

Restriction

Meaning
a limiting condition or measure; the limitation or control of someone or something
Example
There are strict restrictions on smoking in public places.
B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning
to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed
Example
The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.
B2 noun /rɪˈmaɪndər/

reminder

Meaning
something that helps you remember a fact, event, or action that you need to do or recall
Example
He set a reminder to call his mother on her birthday.
B2 noun ˌreɪdɪˈeɪʃən

radiation

Meaning
The emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles.
Example
Radiation from the sun can be harmful without protection.
B2 adjective /rɪˈfreʃ.ɪŋ/

Refreshing

Meaning
making one feel energized and renewed; pleasantly new or different
Example
The cool breeze was refreshing after the hot day.
B2 adjective /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

rolling

Meaning
moving in gentle undulations; moving forward by turning over and over
Example
They drove through the rolling hills of the countryside.
B2 adjective /ˈrek.ləs/

Reckless

Meaning
acting without thinking about consequences; careless; dangerous;
Example
His reckless driving caused a serious accident.
B2 noun /ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/

Reservation

Meaning
the action of reserving something; an arrangement whereby something is reserved for a particular person; a qualification to an expression of agreement or approval
Example
I made a reservation at the restaurant for tonight.
B2 noun /'ræd.ɪʃ/

Radish

Meaning
a small pungent edible root vegetable with white or red skin
Example
The farmer harvested fresh radishes from the garden.
B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

Meaning
to hold back or control; to limit or restrict
Example
Please restrain your dog.
B2 adjective ˌriːprəˈdʌktɪv

reproductive

Meaning
Relating to the reproduction of offspring.
Example
The reproductive cycle of pests can cause rapid infestations.
B2 adjective /ˈruːθ.ləs/

Ruthless

Meaning
showing no pity or compassion; cruel; merciless
Example
The ruthless dictator showed no mercy to his enemies.
B2 adjective /rɪˈstrɪk.tɪd/

Restricted

Meaning
limited or controlled; subject to restrictions
Example
Access to this area is restricted to authorized personnel only.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.
B2 noun, verb /ˈrætəl/

rattle

Meaning
to make a rapid series of short, sharp sounds; a device or object that makes such a sound
Example
The loose window began to rattle in the strong wind.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

Reserved

Meaning
slow to reveal emotion or opinions; restrained in manner
Example
She is quite reserved and doesn't talk much in meetings.
B2 verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

reinforce

Meaning
To strengthen or support something with additional material, people, or effort.
Example
The teacher used examples to reinforce the lesson.
B2 noun /ˈrest.ləs.nəs/

Restlessness

Meaning
the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom
Example
His restlessness during the long meeting was obvious to everyone.
B2 noun ˌriːfɔːˈreɪʃən

reforestation

Meaning
The natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted.
Example
Reforestation efforts are crucial to restoring ecosystems.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

Meaning
not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand
Example
This fabric is resistant to water and stains.
B2 verb /rɪˈzuːm/

resume

Meaning
to start again after a pause or interruption
Example
We will resume the meeting after lunch.
B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

Meaning
without paying attention to the current situation or condition
Example
She will go to the party regardless of the weather.
B2 noun /ˈruːmər/

rumor

Meaning
a currently circulating story or report of uncertain or doubtful truth.
Example
There’s a rumor that the company will merge next year.
B2 verb /ˈroʊ.teɪt/

rotate

Meaning
to turn around a central point or axis
Example
The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.
B2 noun /ˈrep.taɪl/

Reptile

Meaning
a cold-blooded animal with scaly skin that lays eggs on land
Example
The lizard is a common reptile found in gardens.
B2 noun /rɪˈvendʒ/

Revenge

Meaning
the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands
Example
She sought revenge against those who betrayed her trust.
B2 noun rɪˈsɛʃ.ən

recession

Meaning
A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
Example
The country faced a severe recession due to the financial crisis.
B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪn.dər/

Remainder

Meaning
the part that is left over; what remains after the other parts have been taken away
Example
The remainder of the food was stored in the refrigerator.
B2 noun /ˈrɒbəɹi/

robbery

Meaning
the crime of stealing from someone or somewhere using force or threat
Example
The police are investigating the robbery at the local store.
B2 noun /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/

Reliance

Meaning
the state of depending on something or someone for support or help
Example
His reliance on technology is concerning.
B2 noun /ˌreɡ.jʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

Regularity

Meaning
the quality of being regular; occurring at fixed intervals or in a consistent pattern
Example
The regularity of his exercise routine helped him stay healthy.
B2 noun /rɪˈstreɪnt/

Restraint

Meaning
the action of keeping someone or something under control; self-control
Example
She showed great restraint in not responding to the criticism.
B2 noun, verb /rɪˈzɔːrt/

resort

Meaning
A place for rest or recreation; to turn to something for help or solution.
Example
They stayed at a beach resort during their vacation.
B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning
to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.
Example
He rambled on about his childhood for hours.
B2 verb rɪˈzaɪn

resign

Meaning
Voluntarily leave a job or other position.
Example
Ministers were forced to resign.
B2 adjective /raɪp/

Ripe

Meaning
fully developed and ready to eat; mature; ready for action or use
Example
The bananas are ripe and ready to eat.
B2 noun /ˈroʊstɪd miːt/

Roasted meat

Meaning
meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over fire
Example
The roasted meat was perfectly seasoned and tender.
B2 adjective /ˈruː.mi/

Roomy

Meaning
spacious; having a lot of room
Example
The apartment is very roomy with spacious bedrooms.
B2 noun ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən

revolution

Meaning
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.
Example
The story is set during the French Revolution.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
B2 adverb /ˈræp.ɪd.li/

Rapidly

Meaning
at a fast speed; quickly
Example
The company is rapidly expanding into new markets.
B2 noun /reɪˈʒiːm/

regime

Meaning
a system or form of government, often authoritarian
Example
The military regime controlled the country for decades.
B2 verb /ræm/

ram

Meaning
to strike or push something with great force
Example
The truck rammed into the wall.
B2 verb /rɪˈteɪn/

retain

Meaning
to keep possession of something
Example
The company decided to retain its experienced employees.
B2 adjective /rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/

reliant

Meaning
depending on someone or something for support
Example
The country is too reliant on imported goods.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɛnt/

resent

Meaning
to feel bitterness or displeasure about something or someone
Example
She began to resent the constant criticism from her boss.
B2 adjective /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/

renewable

Meaning
Able to be renewed or replaced naturally; not depleted when used.
Example
Renewable resources minimize environmental damage.
B2 adjective /ˈræp.ɪd/

Rapid

Meaning
happening in a short time or at a fast pace
Example
The rapid growth of technology has changed our daily lives.
B2 noun /rʌst/

Rust

Meaning
reddish-brown coating formed on iron or steel by oxidation; corrosion
Example
The old car was covered in rust after years of neglect.
B2 noun, verb /ræŋks/

ranks

Meaning
Positions within a group, especially in a hierarchy or organization.
Example
He quickly moved up the ranks of the army.
B2 verb /rɪˈkʌvərɪŋ/

recovering

Meaning
the process of getting better after illness, loss, or difficulty
Example
She is still recovering from the flu.
B2 noun /ˈrɪdəl/

Riddle

Meaning
a question or statement intentionally phrased so as to require ingenuity in ascertaining its answer or meaning; a puzzle
Example
The ancient riddle stumped all the scholars for years.
B2 verb /riːp/

reap

Meaning
to cut or gather a crop; to receive as a consequence of actions
Example
Farmers reap wheat in the late summer.
B2 noun /rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/

reliability

Meaning
the quality of being trustworthy or performing consistently well
Example
Customers value the reliability of our service.
B2 noun /rɪˈdʒɛkʃən/

rejection

Meaning
the action of refusing or dismissing something or someone
Example
Her rejection of the offer surprised everyone.
B2 noun /ˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

regulation

Meaning
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
Example
Government regulation ensures fair business practices.
B2 verb /ˈrɛkən/

reckon

Meaning
To think, believe, or expect something; to calculate or estimate.
Example
I reckon it will rain later today.
B2 adjective /rɪˈspek.tə.bəl/

Respectable

Meaning
worthy of respect; having good reputation; decent
Example
He comes from a respectable family in the community.
B2 verb /rɪˈvaɪv/

revive

Meaning
To bring back to life, consciousness, or activity.
Example
The paramedics managed to revive the unconscious man.